accessible and energy-efficient mobility for all! · mobility for all! isemoa quality cycle...

Accessible and energy-efficient mobility for all!

2ACCESSIBLE AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT MOBILITY FOR ALL!

The ISEMOA quality management system is de-veloped within the European project ISEMOA that involves partners from 15 European countries. The 3-year project began in May 2010 and is sup-ported by the European Commission within the IEE-programme.

Publisher: Austrian Mobility Research – FGM AMOR Schoenaugasse 8a, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIAMichaela Kargl, e-mail: [email protected]

phone: +43 / 316 / 810451-15Graphic Design: FGM-AMORPhotos (cover): www.eltis.org (7), FGM-AMOR (1)

Legal disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the con-tent of this publication lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the European Commu-nities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information con-tained therein.

Copyright: Austrian Mobility Research – FGM-AMOR on behalf of the ISEMOA project consortium; Austria, 2013; Copies of this publication – also of extracts thereof – may only be made with the permission of and with reference to the publication title and the publisher and if a sample copy is provided.


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Content

1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 4

2 Accessibility – why we need it ............................................................................. 6

3 Introduction to the ISEMOA project ................................................................... 10

4 Work programme overview ............................................................................... 13 4.1 Developing the ISEMOA QMS .................................................................. 14

4.1.1 Taking into account the needs and expectations of the stakeholders ................................................................... 154.1.2 Building on existing experiences and good practice ............................................................................ 174.1.3 Applying a holistic approach .................................................... 194.1.4 Following an iterative development process ........................... 21

4.2 Implementing the ISEMOA QMS in municipalities, cities and regions .................................................................................... 22

4.2.1 How does the ISEMOA methodology work? ............................. 234.2.2 Implementation of the ISEMOA QMS in 18 sites across Europe ........................................................................... 29

4.3 Training of ISEMOA auditors ................................................................... 33 4.4 Raising awareness of the importance of accessibility and promoting the ISEMOA QMS ............................................................ 36

5 Evaluation of ISEMOA in Europe ....................................................................... 37 5.1 Drivers for municipalities / cities / regions to implement ISEMOA ............................................................................. 38 5.2 Summary of the challenges faced .......................................................... 39 5.3 Success stories ....................................................................................... 40

6 Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................. 45

7 ISEMOA partners & contact ............................................................................... 48


ISEMOA quality cycleISEMOA quality cycle

Executive SummaryISEMOA – Improving seamless energy-ef-ficient mobility-chains for all was a 3-year project (May 2010 –2013), supported by the IEE within the STEER programme. In ISEMOA 20 organisations from 16 European countries worked together to support local and regional authorities in their efforts to improve acces-sibility and thus to enable all their citizens to adopt a less car-dependent lifestyle.

Within the ISEMOA project, a tailor-made quality-management system (ISEMOA QMS) for improving accessibility in municipalities /cities and regions was developed. Based on the underlying principles of Total Quality Management, ISEMOA views improv-ing accessibility as a dynamic process, which is illustrated by the ISEMOA quality cycle.

→ PRECONDITIONSUser needs and involvement, Current state, Regulatory context

→ POLICYPolicy on paper, Leadership

→ STRATEGYAction Plan, People, Partnerships, Financial resources

→ IMPLEMENTATIONLand-use planning, Public Spaces, Public transport, Seamless travel, Supportive Measures

→ MONITORING & EVALUATIONUser and society results, Process

EVALUATION

MONITORING & PRECONDITIONS

STRATEGY

IMPLEM

ENTATION

POLI

CY

ISEMOA

Quality managementfor improving accessibility

1


Within the ISEMOA project, the ISEMOA QMS was successfully implemented and tested un-der real-life conditions at 18 sites in 14 Eu-ropean countries. ISEMOA has proven to be equally beneficial to small towns or munici-pal districts as well as large cities or regions across Europe, regardless of their level of ex-perience related to improving accessibility.

Over the course of the ISEMOA project, the ISEMOA 'working materials' were translated into 13 languages, and 225 ISEMOA auditors from 16 countries have been trained, in order to facilitate the implementation of the ISEMOA QMS across Europe. These ISEMOA auditors are now enabled to help support and guide lo-cal and regional stakeholders, who are willing to improve accessibility in their area, by the implementation of the ISEMOA QMS.

In order to raise awareness regarding the ISEMOA QMS, 13,400 postcards and 14,000 promotion brochures have been printed in 13 languages. An informative website has been established, and 3 newsletters have been sent to more than 2,500 interested stakeholders in Europe. In addition, the project partners have submitted 50 press releases and articles to newspapers and journals, have presented ISEMOA at over 205 events and have distribut-ed promotional materials to more than 6,000 stakeholders across Europe.

Develops a strategy and concrete measures for improving the local work on accessibility.

Establishes a common view on the strong and weak points with current accessibility.

Assesses the local work on accessibility in terms of each stage of the quality cycle.

1 2 3

A facilitated audit process forms the core of the ISEMOA system. During this audit process a team of local stakeholders led by a trained ISEMOA auditor undertakes the following steps:

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


The door-to-door mobility chainThe door-to-door mobility chain

BEFORE TRIP

planning the trip

organisation reservation

booking

orientationway-finding

moving along selected route

changing transport

modes

finding places to rest, drink, food, toilets

luggage handling

storage ofmobility aid

parkingvehicle

lost-and-found counter

providingfeedback

DURING TRIP AFTER TRIP

2Mobility is an integral part of our lives: Every day we are “mobile”: we need to go to school or work, see the doctor and run errands – but we also want to meet friends, visit a restau-rant, a gym or cinema or we simply fancy a walk or cycle tour ... Accessibility is about getting there ... easily.

Each trip is composed of several elements that can be depicted as the “mobility chain”:It is of utmost importance that the whole mo-bility chain is accessible! If there is a barrier in one of the elements, then the whole mobil-ity chain does not work.

Accessibility – why we need it


Every day a significant part of the population encounters many barriers in public spaces and on public transport: According to ex-perts’ estimations1 more than one third of the European population are people with re-duced mobility (PRM)2 and face barriers when walking or cycling in public space or using public transport. Further, when also taking into account temporary and short-term con-ditions such as, carrying heavy bags, recov-ering from illness or surgery, accompanying small children, visiting a foreign country, we see that all of us could experience reduced mobility at one time or other.

Because of existing barriers, for many peo-ple it is difficult or even impossible to move around independently in public spaces or public transport. Instead these people have to depend on cars or specialised mobility services for much of their regular trips.

Furthermore, many everyday services such as shops, kindergartens, workplaces, health-centres, sports- and leisure-facilities are often not easily accessible for pedestri-ans (including those who use mobility aids), cyclists, and public transport passengers.

Thus, by improving accessi-bility municipalities, cities, and regions can help their inhabitants and visitors to adopt a less car-dependent lifestyle.

1 Access and Inclusion – Improving Transport Accessibility for All, CEMT/CM(2006)7FINAL, p. 3.2 People with reduced mobility (PRM) include people with physical and learning difficulties, chronic & acute health prob-

lems, visual impairments, mental health issues, non-average stature, little knowledge of the local language, issues ori-entating, as well as older people (especially those over 75 years) and children or those accompanying small children.

2

Many people are captive car users due to lack of accessibility.

ACCESSIBILITY – WHY WE NEED IT

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Benefitsof improvedaccessibility

✔ better health

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✔ increased “social capital”

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✔ energy savings

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✔ less pollution

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✔ cost savings

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✔ increased quality of life

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✔ enhanced social inclusion

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✔ more independence

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✔ increased

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✔ increased quality

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✔ enhanced social

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Improving accessibility brings about many benefits both for individuals and for society.

2 ACCESSIBILITY – WHY WE NEED IT


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Investing in accessibility is a cost effective way of tack-ling the (future) challenges of demographic, economic and environmental changes.

Good accessibility requires taking into account not only transport issues but also land-use planning, city-planning, construction, maintenance, econom-ic and societal issues. Cooperation across working areas and organisa-tional borders is therefore essential for successful accessibility work.

Improving accessibility ensures that:

• All people can use public spaces and public transport without barriers;• Service quality and facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and public transport

users are adapted to everybody’s needs;• Everyday services are also accessible for non-motorists.

2 ACCESSIBILITY – WHY WE NEED IT


3The ISEMOA project aimed to support local and regional authorities in Europe in their efforts to improve accessibility and thus to reduce the car-dependency of their citizens and visitors.

Introduction to the ISEMOA project

The ISEMOA QMS which pro-vides a structured framework for assessing and improving accessibility work in munici-palities, cities and regions, was developed.

225 ISEMOA auditors were trained to implement the ISEMOA QMS in municipalities, cities and regions all over Europe.

The ISEMOA QMS was tested in 18 municipalities, cities and regions in 14 European countries.

The ISEMOA concept was dis-seminated to stakeholders all over Europe to raise aware-ness regarding the importance of accessibility and the benefits of improving accessibility.

In order to reach this aim:


→ 20 organisations (19 partners + 1 sub-contractor) from 15 countries were involved in the project over a period of 3 years (May 2010 – 2013);

→ The ISEMOA QMS, including all working materials, is available in 13 languages;

→ The ISEMOA QMS was implemented in 18 municipalities, cities and regionsin 14 European countries;

→ 225 people from 16 countries were trained as ISEMOA auditors, ready to implement the ISEMOA QMS in mu-nicipalities, cities and regions all over Europe;

→ 13,400 postcards and 14,000 brochures were printed in 13 languages and dis-tributed to stakeholders across Europe;

The ISEMOA project in figures

3 INTRODUCTION TO THE ISEMOA PROJECT

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→ 119 ISEMOA presentations were made to over 200,000 participants at 205 events;

→ More than 2,500 interested stakeholders were informed about ISEMOA via 3 project-newsletters;

→ A project website and 3 brochures were created in 13 languages;

→ 50 ISEMOA press releases and articles were submitted to newspapers and journals;

→ A collection of over 30 good-practice examples were identified, which serve as inspiration for local stakeholders willing to improve accessibility in their municipality, city or region;

→ A database with information about more than 180 existing guidance materials on how to improve accessibility was created.

3 INTRODUCTION TO THE ISEMOA PROJECT

All consultants and agencies, who want to apply ISEMOA in their work with local and regional authorities, are invit-ed to attend the ISEMOA training workshops and become ISEMOA auditors. For more detailed information contact the coordinator or the ISEMOA partner from your country:

The challenge: People with reduced mobility (PRM), who comprise about one third of the European population, face many barriers in public space and public transport. Due to these barriers most PRM depend on a car for all their daily trips. The ISEMOA project is developing a quality-management system to support cities and regions in their efforts to improve the accessibility of public spaces and public transport.

Mobility without barriers – on foot, by bicycle, or by public transport

The project ISEMOA started in May 2010 and will run until May 2013. ISEMOA is co-funded by the European Union under the IEE 2009 STEER programme. Publisher: Austrian Mobility Research – FGM-AMOR (Project coordinator). Photos: www.eltis.org (11), FGM-AMOR (1). The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not nec-essarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

www.isemoa.eu

All consultants and agencies, who want to apply ISEMOA in their work with local and regional authorities, are invit-ed to attend the ISEMOA training workshops and become

The challenge: People with reduced mobility (PRM), who comprise about one third of the European population, face many barriers in public space and public transport.



Developing a quality management system for improving the accessibility work of municipalities, cities and regions across Europe (the ISEMOA QMS);

Implementing and testing the ISEMOA QMS under real life conditions in municipalities, cities and regions throughout Europe;

Training of ISEMOA auditors to enable them to implement the ISEMOA QMS in municipalities, cities and regions across Europe;

Raising awareness of the importance of accessibility as an essential pre-condition for the reduction of car-dependency and promoting the ISEMOA QMS as an efficient and effective tool for supporting local and regional stake-holders in their efforts to improve accessibility.

In ISEMOA the consortium concentrated on 4 major tasks:

4Overview of the ISEMOA work programme

2

4

3

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Took into account the needs and expectations of the stakeholders

p. 15

Applied a holistic approach

p. 19

Built on existing experiences and good practice

p. 17

Adopted an iterative development process

p. 21

In order to be able to develop a practical and useful quality management system for supporting local and regional authorities in their accessibility work, the ISEMOA consortium:

4.1Developing the ISEMOA QMS

p. 19

all kinds of barriers

a comprehensive view of accessibility

the whole door-to-door mobility chain with sustainable transport modes

all groups of people with reduced mobility (PRM)

ISEMOA takes into

account ...→

→

all steps of the work-process necessary for improving accessibility

→

→

→

4 WORK PROGRAMME OVERVIEW


4.1.1Taking into account the needs and expectations of the stakeholders

Advisory Committee

Representatives of all relevant stakeholder groups formed the project’s Advisory Com-mittee, which provided invaluable input and advice to the project partners, and reviewed all working materials and deliverables from the point of view of the stakeholder groups.

The project placed great emphasis on the involvement of all relevant stakeholder-groups (people with reduced mobility – PRM, city-consultants, local / regional authorities, transport operators, etc.) throughout the whole development process:


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Representatives of local and regional authorities and public transport operators

At the beginning of the project interviews with 45 representatives of local and regional authorities and 2 public transport operators were conducted in 14 European countries, in order to investigate their needs and expec-tations regarding quality management- and audit schemes for improving accessibility. The results of these interviews were com-piled into the report “Needs and Expecta-tions of Municipalities, Cities, and Regions regarding QM-schemes”, which is available for download at www.isemoa.eu.

Needs of PRM and frequent barriers for PRM

A comprehensive overview of the specific needs of PRM and the most frequent barri-ers faced by them in public space and public transport was compiled based on findings from literature and input from the project’s advisory committee members representing different PRM groups. The results of this re-search work were compiled into the extensive report “Needs of PRM and frequent barriers for PRM” and summarised in the brochure “Accessibility – why we need it”, both of which are available for download at www.isemoa.eu.

Tested under real-life conditions in 18 municipalities, cities, and regions all over Europe

The ISEMOA QMS, which was developed based on the results of the stakeholder in-terviews, the findings of the literature review, and the input from the advisory committee, was tested under real-life conditions in 18 municipalities, cities and regions all over Europe. The feedback gained from the local stakeholders in these test-sites was used for further improvement of the ISEMOA QMS.

Practitioners participating at the auditor training workshops

In addition to the feedback from the local stakeholders in the test-sites, valuable feed-back for improvement of the ISEMOA method was also obtained from the practitioners participating at the auditor training work-shops in 15 European countries.



4.1.2 Building on existing experiences and good practice

At the beginning of the project ISEMOA part-ners analysed more than 50 existing quality management and audit schemes in order to learn about potential success factors and pit-falls. The results of this research work were summarised in the report “Compilation of QM- and audit-schemes” with the appendix “Fact-sheets of the reviewed QM- and audit-schemes”, both are available for download at www.isemoa.eu.

In order to avoid “reinventing the wheel” ISEMOA strived to build upon existing experiences and proven good practice:

ISEMOA partners analysed more than 50 existing quality management and audit schemes


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30 examples of successfully implemented measures

In order to provide local and regional stake-holders with inspiration for developing their own action plans for improving accessibil-ity, ISEMOA partners selected a variety of more than 30 examples of successfully im-plemented measures tackling the different aspects and elements of accessibility. These examples are described in detail in the “Good practice database” at www.isemoa.eu.

More than 180 of such relevant guiding materials

Unfortunately there is no common European standard for accessible public spaces and public transport yet in existence. However, there are numerous national and regional guidelines, handbooks, recommendations, standards and regulations available, which tackle various aspects of the accessibility of public spaces and public transport. More than 180 of such relevant guiding materials are described in the “Guideline Database” at www.isemoa.eu.



4.1.3Applying a holistic approach

The main aim of ISEMOA is to enable all people to make either all or at least part of their daily trips using sustainable transport modes, and thus develop a less car-dependent lifestyle.

Accessibility of the whole mobility chain and accessibility of day-to-day services without a car are essential pre-conditions for people to

be able to make trips by walking, cycling, and public transport. Therefore ISEMOA applies a holistic approach and takes into account:


all kinds of barriers

a comprehensive view of accessibility

the whole door-to-door mobility chain with sustainable transport modes

all categories of people with reduced mobility (PRM)

ISEMOA takes into

account ...→

→

all steps of the work-process necessary for improving accessibility

→

→

→


→ All categories of PRM, including those with permanent disabilities or temporal impairments, people with communica-tion difficulties, older people, people with small children or carrying heavy luggage;

→ The whole door-to-door mobility chain with sustainable transport modes, such as walking (also with mobility aids), cycling, public transport and multi-mo-dal mobility;

→ A comprehensive view of accessibility, which comprises of:

• The geographical perspective (distances, location);

• The availability and quality of sustainable transport (quality of pedestrian- and cy-cling-infrastructure, service and network issues, maintenance, frequency of public transport services, resting possibilities, public toilets, information and guidance);

• Barrier-free design and construction of facilities, services and information;

→ All kinds of barriers, such as barriers related to physical conditions, organisa-tional and regulatory aspects, attitudes and behaviour of people, safety and se-curity concerns;

→ All steps of the work-process neces-sary to improve accessibility: based on the underlying principle of Total Quality Management, ISEMOA considers work on accessibility as a dynamic process fol-lowing a continuous cycle of planning – implementation – monitoring and evalu-ation.

ISEMOA takes into account



Based on the needs and expectations of the stakeholders (revealed by the survey and the literature research at the beginning of the project) and based on the lessons learned from the analysis of existing quality management and audit schemes, a draft version of the ISEMOA QMS was developed.

The ISEMOA QMS was then implemented and tested under real-life condi-tions in 18 municipalities, cities and regions in 14 European countries. Feed-back obtained from the local stakeholders in these 18 test-sites and lessons learned from these test-implementations were used to further improve the ISEMOA QMS.

This draft version of the ISEMOA QMS was reviewed by the members of the ISEMOA Advisory Committee and improved according to their comments and suggestions.

In order to ensure that the ISEMOA QMS will be practically applicable and useful for municipalities, cities, and regions all over Europe, an iterative development process was applied:

1

3

2

4.1.4Following an iterative development process



The ISEMOA method provides a structured framework to assess and improve a municipality’s, city’s or region’s accessibility work.

ISEMOA helps local and regional authorities to:

→ Establish a comprehensive view of ac-cessibility, and raise awareness regard-ing the importance of accessibility;

→ Improve credibility, efficiency, and effec-tiveness of the work on improving acces-sibility;

→ Identify strengths and weaknesses in cur-rent accessibility policy and conditions;

→ Obtain inspiration and new ideas for im-proving accessibility;

→ Establish a structure of a systematic and effective approach for accessibility plan-ning, implementation, and evaluation;

→ Establish a system of effective stake-holder involvement and communication.

ISEMOA has proven to be equally beneficial for small municipalities as well as large cities or regions all over Europe, regardless of their level of experience working on accessibility. Thus ISEMOA is suitable for any town, city and region willing to improve accessibility.

4.2Implementing the ISEMOA QMS in municipalities, cities and regions



At the core of the ISEMOA method is a mod-erated audit process: together with an exter-nal auditor, the stakeholders of a municipali-ty, city or region critically review all elements of this quality cycle, assess strengths and weaknesses and develop measures to con-tinuously improve those components of the work on accessibility that have been as-sessed as being rather “weak”. It is crucial that both “users” (especially PRM) and “pro-viders” of accessibility (staff responsible for city planning, transport planning, road con-struction and maintenance, etc.) are involved in the ISEMOA process.

Based on the underlying principle of Total Quality Management, ISEMOA considers work on accessibility as a dynamic process which is illustrated by the ISEMOA quality cycle.

EVALUATION

MONITORING & PRECONDITIONS

STRATEGY

IMPLEM

ENTATION

POLI

CY

ISEMOA

Quality managementfor improving accessibility

4.2.1How does the ISEMOA methodology work?


→ See also page 4


Implementation of the ISEMOA QMS in a municipality, city, or region should be undertaken by a trained ISEMOA auditor and involves 9 Steps.

The ISEMOA process step-by-step

Several different bodies play a role in the actual accessibility of public spaces and sustainable transport modes within a mu-nicipality, city or region and each of these can take the initiative for the implementa-tion of ISEMOA. It is essential that the mu-

nicipality, city or region appoints a person (or a small team), who will act as the “con-tact person” of the ISEMOA implementation on behalf of the municipality, city or region and who will be the main contact point for the ISEMOA auditor.

Initiation of the implementation of ISEMOAimpl

STEP 1

Preparatory meetingP

STEP 2

Creation of the “ISEMOA team”

STEP 3

Introduction meetingIn

STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9



In the preparatory meeting with the contact person, the ISEMOA auditor explains in detail the ISEMOA process, all necessary prepara-tory steps, the actors involved (forming the

“ISEMOA team”), their tasks and the antici-pated outputs. The aim of this meeting is to clarify all open questions and to begin the preparatory steps for the ISEMOA process.


STEP 1


STEP 2

Creation of the ISEMOA team

STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9

Structured discussions with “users” and “pro-viders” of public spaces and public transport are the central element of the ISEMOA sys-tem. Therefore it is essential for the success of the ISEMOA methodology that all relevant stakeholders are involved in the process. The contact person has to establish an ISEMOA team in close cooperation with the ISEMOA

auditor. This ISEMOA team needs to include both “users” (i.e. representatives of all groups of PRM) and “providers” (i.e. representatives of authorities that are responsible for walking, cycling and public transport issues, as well as representatives of authorities that are respon-sible for city-, traffic- and land-use-planning).


STEP 1


STEP 2

Creation of the ISEMOA team

STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9



The introduction meeting is the first meeting of the ISEMOA team. This is when the auditor explains in detail the aims of the ISEMOA im-plementation and how the procedure works. The auditor distributes the ISEMOA self-as-sessment questionnaires, which are organ-

ised according to the modules of the ISEMOA quality cycle, to the ISEMOA team. These ISEMOA self-assessment questionnaires are to be filled-in by each member of the ISEMOA team individually.


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9

The consensus meeting is the second meet-ing of the ISEMOA team. The aim of this meeting is to arrive at a common under-standing of the actual level of development of each of the elements of the ISEMOA qual-ity cycle. The different roles and backgrounds of the members of the ISEMOA team are re-flected in the individual assessment of the

elements. The most important part of this meeting is the discussion about these dif-ferent, sometimes conflicting, points of view. This meeting gives an insight into the strong-er and weaker elements of accessibility work and highlights whether additional interviews with other stakeholders might be necessary to complete the picture.


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9



The ISEMOA auditor prepares the “ISEMOA report”, including the assessment of the cur-rent situation, and the agreed detailed action plan. On demand, the ISEMOA auditor also

prepares a presentation file that can be used by the ISEMOA team to present the results of the ISEMOA process to politicians, media, etc.

The aim of the strategy meeting of the ISE-MOA team is to develop a strategy and action plan for improving accessibility. Based on the insight of strong and weak points of acces-sibility work gained at the previous meetings, the ISEMOA team discusses and agrees on goals for the future and develops an action plan which includes concrete measures, re-sponsibilities and timeframes for improve-ment of accessibility work. It is important for the success and actual effect of the ac-

tion plan, that it is developed by the local / re-gional actors themselves rather than by an external advisor. Thus the role of the ISEMOA auditor is to guide and moderate this proc-ess and to give inspiration, input and advice wherever necessary to support the members of the ISEMOA team with the development of a tailor-made action plan, which meets the needs of the local / regional stakeholders in the municipality / city / region.


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9



The aim of the final meeting is to evaluate the ISEMOA audit and to discuss the future plans of the contact person with regard to ISEMOA. Municipalities, cities and regions that have

successfully gone through this ISEMOA proc-ess will receive a certificate, which acknowl-edges the motivation and willingness to im-prove accessibility in their area.


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9

About one year after the implementation of the ISEMOA process, the auditor contacts the local / regional authority again in order to learn about the experiences of the municipal-ity / city / region, the lessons learnt, sugges-tions for improvement of ISEMOA, progress of work in the municipality / city / region with respect to the planned actions, plans for the future improvement of accessibility, etc.

Furthermore, according to the understand-ing of quality improvement being a continu-ous process and in order to keep momentum with accessibility improvements, it is strong-ly recommended to schedule an ISEMOA fol-low-up audit every 2 - 5 years after the first implementation of the ISEMOA process.


STEP 1


STEP 2


STEP 3


STEP 4

Consensus meetingC

STEP 5

Strategy meeting

STEP 6

ISEMOA report

STEP 7

Final meeting

STEP 8

Follow up

STEP 9



4.2.2Implementation of the ISEMOA QMS in 18 sites across Europe

Name of the site Country Number of inhabitants

Project partner, who guided the ISEMOA audit

Municipalities / Cities

Puconci Slovenia 6,200 SinergijaHolice Czech Republic 6,500 NPMidleton Ireland 12,000 SECADNowy Dwor Mazowiecki Poland 28,000 ITSKolin Czech Republic 31,000 IEPZilina Slovakia 85.300 Uni ZilinaLeuven Belgium 97,300 M21Sibiu Romania 155,000 URTPDonostia San Sebastian Spain 186,200 ETTParma Italy 188,700 ECUBABurgas Bulgaria 209,600 BSRAEMLjubljana Slovenia 280,000 UIRSPlovdiv Bulgaria 376,400 EAPSheffield United Kingdom 526,000 TAS

Regions

Vallo di Diano Italy 60,000 AGEASSaxony Switzerland Germany 135,000 TUDProvince of Styria Austria 1,200,000 FGM-AMORSTA Region South Sweden 2,200,000 Trivector

During the course of the project the ISEMOA QMS was implemented in the following 14 municipalities / cities and 4 regions:



POLAND

SPAIN

IRELANDUNITED

KINGDOM

ITALY

SWEDEN

BELGIUM

GERMANY

CZECH REP.

AUSTRIA

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

SLOVAKIA

FRANCE

POLAND

SPAIN

IRELANDUNITEDUNITED

KINGDOMKINGDOMKINGDOM

ITALY

BELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUM

GERMANY

CZECH REP.CZECH REP.CZECH REP.CZECH REP.

AUSTRIAAUSTRIAAUSTRIA

ROMANIA

BULGARIABULGARIABULGARIABULGARIA

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIASLOVAKIA

FRANCE

12

1

2

34

5 6

7

8

9

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18

15 16

17

ISEMOA test-sites

1) Province of Styria (Austria) 2) Leuven (Belgium) 3) Burgas (Bulgaria) 4) Plovdiv (Bulgaria) 5) Kolin (Czech Republic) 6) Holice (Czech Republic) 7) Saechsische Schweiz (Germany) 8) San Sebastian (Spain) 9) Midleton (Ireland)

10) Comunità Montana Vallo di Diano (Italy) 11) Parma (Italy) 12) Nowy Dwór Mazowieck (Poland) 13) Sibiu (Romania) 14) Trafikverket Region Syd (Sweden) 15) Ljubljana (Slovenia) 16) Puconci ( Slovenia) 17) Zilina (Slovakia) 18) Sheffield CT (United Kingdom)



The effects of these 18 implementations of the ISEMOA QMS within the project were threefold:

Firstly, these implementations were beneficial for the development of the ISEMOA method, as they served as a “test” of the ISEMOA QMS under real-life conditions and the lessons learned were used to further improve the ISEMOA QMS;

Finally, these implementations helped to raise awareness of the importance of accessibility among the local community and also acted as a showcase for other municipalities, cities and regions and helped to spread information about ISEMOA in a regional and national context.

Secondly, these implementations were also beneficial for these 18 munici-palities, cities and regions, as the implementation of the ISEMOA QMS helped the local stakeholders to assess the local situation with respect to accessibil-ity, to analyse the strong and weak aspects of their current approach and to develop concrete measures to improve their accessibility work;

1

3

2


In total the number of people participat-ing in the 18 local ISEMOA teams reached 233 stakeholders. These stakeholders came from a variety of departments (e.g. land-use planning, welfare / social, diversity, mobil-

ity and construction works), as well as from user associations and other relevant organi-sations (e.g. police department, public trans-port operator).


→ 83 % of the ISEMOA team members found it is important to have an external auditor doing the ISEMOA audit, in order to keep the audit objective and unbiased;

→ 75 % of the ISEMOA team members agreed that the strengths and weakness-es revealed in the ISEMOA audit reflected the quality of the accessibility work in their municipality, city or region correctly;

→ 72 % of the ISEMOA team members stated that the action plan, which was developed within the ISEMOA process, meets the needs of the municipality, city or region;

→ 76 % of the ISEMOA team members found that they have learned something new about accessibility during the audit: i.e. ISEMOA improved their knowledge on accessibility, they’ve heard about rel-evant documents and actions from other departments for the first time, they’ve learned to understand different points of view of the various stakeholders and they’ve learned (especially during the site-visit) that practice often does not correspond to theory;

→ 74 % of the ISEMOA team members would be willing to recommend an ISEMOA audit to other municipalities, cities and regions;

→ 94 % of the contact persons stated that they would be willing to take this role again in a future ISEMOA audit.

Thus the implementations of the ISEMOA QMS proved that, with the help of the ISEMOA QMS, the strengths and weak-nesses of the accessibility work in the mu-nicipality, city or region can be detected. Practical and useful actions to improve the weaknesses can be formulated and com-piled into an action plan. Whether or not this action plan will be carried out is up to local factors like the available budget, the pres-ence of somebody to push the accessibility work forward, and political support. The fact that so many team members are willing to recommend the system to other local and regional authorities and that almost all con-tact persons are willing to act as a contact person during a subsequent audit, testify to the value of the ISEMOA QMS.

Some interesting feedback obtained from the local stake-holders participating in the ISEMOA-teams was obtained:



In order to spread the idea of ISEMOA across Europe and in order to ensure the practi-cal usage of the ISEMOA QMS after the end of the project, 18 ISEMOA auditor training workshops were conducted in 15 European countries.

During these training workshops, 180 partici-pants learned about the importance of a com-prehensive view of accessibility, what kind of benefits improving accessibility brings about, and how municipalities, cities and regions can take advantage of the ISEMOA method.

Participants were introduced to the complete package of ISEMOA working materials and were trained to act as ISEMOA auditors and learned how to implement the ISEMOA QMS in practice.

An “information and networking platform” was developed as a special part of the ISEMOA website, with access restricted to ISEMOA auditors only. Here the auditors can find all the ISEMOA working materials and additional useful information for practical implementation of the ISEMOA QMS.

4.3Training of ISEMOA auditors


AGEA

S

TAS



Most of the training participants evaluated the training positively and several of the new ISEMOA auditors explicitly stated that they are keen on implementing the ISEMOA QMS in their area soon.

Did the training match your expectations?

Will the knowledge and skills you have acquired during this training be useful in your future work as ISEMOA auditor?

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

very poor poor enough good excellentN = 151

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

1not at all

2 3 4 5very usefulN = 151



On site training delivery

Cooperation with the trainer

Training methods / tools

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

very poor poor enough good excellentN = 150

very poor poor enough good excellent

0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

N = 150


All ISEMOA partners are convinced of the im-portance of improved accessibility and there-fore have been very active messengers of a comprehensive view of accessibility not only in their cities, regions and countries, but also at international level. ISEMOA partners have spread the idea and knowledge of ISEMOA not only to politicians, decision makers and experts involved in accessibility work, but also to those working in other areas and to the general public.

In order to facilitate the dissemination of ISEMOA all over Europe, ISEMOA has at-tached great importance to offering infor-mation in as many European languages as possible. For example, postcards, bro-chures, and newsletters have been produced in 13 languages and the information on the ISEMOA website (www.isemoa.eu) is avail-able in Bulgarian, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Swedish.

ISEMOA partners have submitted articles and given interviews to local, national and international newspapers, journals and me-dia and have presented ISEMOA at more than 200 national and international events.

In addition to these promotional activities, personal contacts and experiences are equal-ly shown to be important to raise awareness about the importance of accessibility. For example,during the implementation of the ISEMOA QMS in 18 test-sites all over Europe more than 230 people participating in the lo-cal ISEMOA teams have developed a compre-hensive view of accessibility and during the auditor training workshops 225 people have gained profound knowledge about all the as-pects of accessibility. They will help to spread the ideas and knowledge of ISEMOA after the project’s lifetime.

4.4Raising awareness regarding the importance of accessibility and promoting the ISEMOA QMS



5Evaluation of ISEMOA in Europe

Drivers for municipalities /cities / regions to implement ISEMOA

p. 38

Success stories

Summary of the challenges faced

p. 39

City of Burgas, Bulgariap. 41

City of Sibiu, Romaniap. 42

City of Holice, Czech Republicp. 43

City of Plovdiv, Bulgariap. 44

Lessons learned


Across Europe, legislation and directives have placed accessibility issues on the politi-cal agenda. In the past decade: most Euro-pean countries have introduced some form of accessibility legislation addressing the built environment and transport services. It is expected that in the process of implement-ing the UN Convention on the Rights of Per-sons with Disabilities, national governments will continue to further develop their acces-sibility legislation. In addition, at EU-level, a European Accessibility Act is currently being developed.

This is important as across Europe demo-graphic changes such as an ageing society and rural migration will impose strong pres-sure on local and regional governments to improve accessibility for all people.

Many municipalities and cities in Europe are already implementing measures to remove barriers and increase accessibility in their area. However, in most cases, these meas-ures remain rather fragmented and a key strength of ISEMOA is that it will help them to develop a more coordinated approach to-wards improving accessibility.

The interviews with local and regional stake-holders revealed that progress in the field of accessibility is about establishing a more ef-fective and systematic approach in policy and planning: Even though sufficient financial resources are a precondition for progress, knowing how to deal with accessibility issues in the best way is important as well.

5.1Drivers for municipalities / cities / regions to implement ISEMOA

5 EVALUATION OF ISEMOA IN EUROPE


As already mentioned, a lot of local and re-gional authorities in Europe have already recognised that accessibility is increasingly important, especially in an ageing society. Thus many local and regional authorities in Europe would, in principle, be interested in implementing ISEMOA. However, due to the economic crisis, many municipalities and cities in Europe are struggling with finan-cial problems, and thus local authorities are reluctant in implementing ISEMOA: spend-ing money for an ISEMOA audit is not in ac-cordance with their austerity programmes. Furthermore, they are also afraid that the implementation of the action plan developed during the ISEMOA process would further

burden their budgets. In addition, many lo-cal or regional authorities are apprehen-sive about implementing ISEMOA, as they presume that this process would evoke the appetite of their (PRM) citizens for further improvement of accessibility and they are afraid of not being able to fulfil this demand.

Therefore it is necessary that the benefits of improving accessibility are promoted more intensely among local and regional authori-ties. However, in addition to awareness rais-ing measures, it is also important that acces-sibility issues are included in the national and international funding and financing schemes for municipalities, cities and regions.

5.2Summary of the challenges faced



5.3Success stories

The following section describes four specific success stories of ISEMOA implementation.

POLAND

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IRELANDUNITED

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CZECH REP.

AUSTRIA

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

SLOVAKIA

FRANCE

POLAND

SPAIN

IRELANDUNITEDUNITED

KINGDOMKINGDOMKINGDOM

ITALY

BELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUMBELGIUM

GERMANY

CZECH REP.CZECH REP.CZECH REP.CZECH REP.

AUSTRIAAUSTRIAAUSTRIA

ROMANIA

BULGARIABULGARIABULGARIABULGARIA

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIASLOVAKIA

FRANCE

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During the ISEMOA project, the ISEMOA QMS was implemented in 18 municipalities, cit-ies and regions in Europe. After the ISEMOA audit, the feedback from all these 18 munici-palities, cities and regions was quite positive, although some of the local stakeholders, who had been invited to participate in the local ISEMOA teams, were rather sceptical at the beginning.

Follow-up interviews, made with the contact person of these 18 municipalities, cities and regions about one year after the ISEMOA audit, revealed that 17 of these 18 sites have continued with the activities induced by ISEMOA:

→ In 10 of the sites, the ISEMOA team (or part of this team) has had one or more work-ing meeting(s) during the first year after the ISEMOA audit;

→ 8 of the sites reported that the ISEMOA action plan (or parts of it) had been for-mally approved by the mayor or council or such an approving process was (still) on-going at the time of the follow-up interview;

→ In a further 6 of the sites, measures from the action plan were included in other Master Plans of the city;

→ 17 of the 18 sites had already imple-mented some of the measures that had been developed in the course of the ISEMOA audit.



Burgas, located on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, implemented the ISEMOA Quality Man-agement Scheme in the framework of the ISEMOA project.

The ISEMOA audit helped the municipality to develop the accessibility-related part of the Sustainable Urban Transport Plan. During the ISEMOA audit process in the municipality, the local ISEMOA-team developed a range of measures that will be implemented in order to improve the municipality’s accessibility work.

Among those measures were: the establish-ment of a multimedia portal for information about mobility in the city (including public transport schedules and routes, bike lines, bus lanes, bypass routes, bike parking and bike rental, parking areas, school zones, etc.), ensuring accessibility to the beach for PRM, training of public transport drivers, im-provement of service quality for PRM.

All these measures proposed in the ISEMOA Action Plan will contribute to the development of the Sustainable Urban Transport Plan of Burgas.

The local ISEMOA team has held periodical meetings even after the end of the ISEMOA audit implementation. Currently this team is working on a large-scale infrastructure project "Burgas Integrated Urban Transport", financed by the operational programme "Re-gional Development 2007 – 2013”.

The municipality envisions implementing all the measures included in the ISEMOA action plan by the end of 2015. Currently Burgas par-ticipates in an energy efficiency and eco-mo-bility European project, which will enable the funding of all measures included in the action plan. Burgas has become a leading munici-pality in implementing energy efficiency and mobility / accessibility actions in the country.

City of Burgas Bulgaria


Mun

icip

ality

of B

urga

s

SUCCESS STORIES


5

The most important result of the ISEMOA au-dit in the city of Sibiu is the official and effec-tive commitment of the Mayor in promoting accessibility measures following the ISEMOA approach. Although the ISEMOA team in Sibiu was led by the public transport opera-tor SC TURSIB SA, both the local authority and the representatives of the three PRM as-sociations in the city became more aware of the importance of accessibility in their area. They all understood the role and the place of political factors in the ISEMOA QMS.

The action plan which was issued and signed after the ISEMOA strategic meeting began be implemented in 2012 and its results will be further monitored within the local strategy for long term urban development.

Thus, the ISEMOA strategy in Sibiu city is part of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Develop-ment Plan for the coming period 2014 – 2020, although, some components of the action plan are subject to funding being made available.

The major lesson learnt in Sibiu is the im-portance of a dedicated team, whose interest is to improve accessibility for all citizens, fo-cusing on their needs and expectations.

Further, education and communication were among the major gains of the ISEMOA imple-mentation in Sibiu city, Romania.

City of SibiuRomania

EVALUATION OF ISEMOA IN EUROPE

SUCCESS STORIES

Coca

Dan

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Tud

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5

In the municipality of Holice, the ISEMOA audit was implemented with the help of ex-ternal auditors from Partnerství o.p.s. An action plan was developed which included actions such as the formation of a small team to carry on to perform future accessi-bility improvements, recruitment of partners for cooperation, submission of a grant pro-gramme application for safe school routes and for a national mobility programme, an increase of budget for accessibility measures and removal of barriers and monitoring and evaluation of the progress (with help of ques-tionnaires, etc.).

This action plan was presented and approved by the Mayor, and during 2012, some meas-ures of the ISEMOA action plan were intro-duced including: reconstruction of one street (including traffic calming of the school area), and the accessibility of the health centre was improved.

The municipality applied for financial sup-port from a national mobility programme for implementing measures to improve accessi-bility on one route connecting a health centre and a museum. This project and the granted financial support will last until 2016.

ISEMOA provided new ideas to the munici-pality of Holice and helped to get financial support that was strongly needed to im-prove accessibility. The cooperation within the local ISEMOA team was fruitful for all stakeholders,

City of HoliceCzech Republic

SUCCESS STORY

EVALUATION OF ISEMOA IN EUROPE

SUCCESS STORY

SUCCESS STORIES

Lum

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The Energy Agency of Plovdiv (EAP) coordi-nated the realisation of the Strategy and Ac-tion Plan for Improving the Accessibility in the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria). Its experts gath-ered representatives from the local authori-ties and PRM organisations to provide their knowledge, experience and know-how when auditing the local accessibility issues. Based on the gathered objective indicators data and the views of the team experts, the document was approved. The team was called-in for the implementation of the ISEMOA project and their commitment grew rapidly. The Accessi-bility Strategy and Action Plan was presented to the Deputy Mayor in charge of social is-sues, who officially supported it.

Plovdiv municipal representatives from the social and infrastructure departments were also trained to implement the ISEMOA Qual-ity Management System and execute meas-ures of the Accessibility Action Plan. Fol-lowing the success of the city of Plovdiv in its first step towards more accessible public space and transport, the Bulgarian Covenant of Mayors Signatories have also shown inter-est in the training and implementation of the ISEMOA Audit.

City of Plovdiv Bulgaria

EVALUATION OF ISEMOA IN EUROPE5

SUCCESS STORIES

Ener

gy A

genc

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Plo

vdiv


6After three years of working on the ISEMOA project, promoting a holistic view of acces-sibility and supporting local and regional stakeholders in their efforts to improve ac-cessibility, partners can report back on a number of experiences and lessons learned. It is hoped that these insights can help to further support the continued development

and improvement of accessibility in Europe. The following section details some lessons learned based on direct experience of work-ing with local and regional stakeholders – politicians and administrative staff of local and regional governments, PRM organisa-tions, transport and city planners, as well as consultants and experts of various fields.

Conclusions and recommendations

More and more local and regional authori-ties in Europe are realising that accessibility is an important issue and they have tried to remove barriers on the streets and in public transport vehicles. However, when they think of accessibility, most people only have in mind wheelchair-users and blind people and only think of obvious physical barriers such as steps, stairs and kerbstones.

→ Therefore it is of utmost importance to raise awareness that accessibility is not only about physical barriers and accessibility is not only important for people with disabilities- it is important for all people. A comprehensive view of accessibility needs to be applied and activities should be undertaken to establish accessibility as a mainstream topic.

Accessibility issues are on the agenda, but there is a need to introduce a holistic view of accessibility:


More and more local and regional authorities in Europe are realising that increasing mo-torised transport causes problems (such as congestion, environmental pollution, noise, decreased quality of life, etc.), and thus they try to motivate people to substitute car-trips for sustainable transport modes. However, many decision makers are not aware of the fact that a lot of people are captive car-users due to lack of accessibility.

→ Therefore it is important to raise aware-ness that accessibility is a crucial pre-condi-tion for enabling people to adopt a less car-dependent lifestyle.

Often decision makers are not aware that accessibility is an essential precondition for decrease of car-usage:

There are a lot of different national and sometimes even regional standards exist-ing with respect to the accessibility of pub-lic spaces and public transport. This often creates confusion and uncertainty and can hinders the improvement of accessibility at a European level.

→ Many local and regional stakeholders (consultants, governments, PRM-represent-atives and industries) stress the fact that there is an urgent necessity for Europe-wide harmonised standards.

There is high demand for common European accessibility standards:

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS


Currently most local and regional govern-ments face severe financial problems and enormous budget cuts (both in terms of money and manpower). Measures to improve accessibility tend to be seen as “nice to have but not essential” and thus the topic of ac-cessibility is not high on the agenda of many local and regional authorities.

→ Therefore it is important that a compre-hensive view of accessibility is introduced and awareness regarding the benefits of im-proving accessibility is raised. Furthermore, public funding schemes should set a focus on accessibility issues.

It is quite difficult to convince local and regional governments to invest in improvement of accessibility in the current time of economic crisis:

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Information regarding the mobility of PRM (such as modal split, frequency / lengths / pur-pose of trips, etc.) is usually not collected in European countries. Therefore it is neither possible to analyse the mobility behaviour of PRM nor to compare the mobility behaviour of the overall population with the mobility be-haviour of PRM.

→ Further research activities in this field are strongly recommended.

There is almost no data or information regarding the mobility behaviour of people with reduced mobility (PRM) available in Europe:


7Project consortiumPROJECT COORDINATORAustrian Mobility Research (FGM-AMOR), Austria

PROJECT PARTNERSAgenzia Gestione Energia-Ambiente e Sviluppo sostenibile della Provincia di Salerno (AGEAS), ItalyBlack Sea Regional Agency for Energy Management (BSRAEM), BulgariaPartnerstvi o.p.s. , Czech Environmental Partnership Foundation (NP), Czech RepublicDevelopment agency Sinergija (Sinergija), SloveniaEcuba Territorio Energia Ambiente (ECUBA), ItalyEdinburgh Napier University (ENU), United KingdomEnergy Agency of Plovdiv (EAP), BulgariaEquipo de Técnicos en Transporte y Territorio S.A. (ETT), SpainInstitute for Environmental Policy, p.b.c. (IEP), Czech RepublicMobiel21 (M21), BelgiumMotor Institute Poland (ITS), PolandRomanian Association of Public Transport (URTP), RomaniaSouth and East Cork Area Development Ltd (SECAD), IrelandTAS Partnership Ltd. (TAS), United KingdomTechnische Universität Dresden (TUD), GermanyTrivector, SwedenUniversity of Zilina (Uni Zilina), SlovakiaUrban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (UIRS), Slovenia

SUBCONTRACTORMobiped, France

ADVISORY COMMITTEEAdolf Ratzka (Independent Living Institute), SwedenChrista Erhart, AustriaGraham Lightfoot (Mendes), IrelandJarmila Johnova, Petra Lukesova (Prague Mothers), Czech RepublicTomasz Zwolinski (City of Krakow), Poland


Contact (project coordinator):

Austrian Mobility Research – FGM AMOR Schoenaugasse 8a, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIAMichaela Kargl, e-mail: [email protected]: +43 / 316 / 810451-15

www.isemoa.eu

Does ISEMOA fit withyour local area?

ISEMOA has proven to be equally beneficial to small town or municipal districts as well as large city or county councils or regions across Europe, regardless of their level of experience related to improving accessibility. Thus ISEMOA is suitable for any municipal, city, county and regional authorities willing to improve accessibility.

Do you want to know more about ISEMOA?

Are you interested in implementing ISEMOA in your town / municipal council, city or county council, or region? Find the contact details of your ISEMOA auditor on www.isemoa.eu

How does ISEMOA benefit your local area?

→ Establish a comprehensive view of accessibility

→ Raise awareness regarding the importance of accessibility

→ Improve credibility, efficiency, and effectiveness of the work on improving accessibility

→ Identify strengths and weaknesses→ Gain inspiration and new ideas for

improving accessibility→ Establish a structure of a

systematic and effective approach for accessibility planning, implementation, and evaluation

→ Establish a system of effective stakeholder involvement and communication

accessible and energy-efficient mobility for all! · mobility for all! isemoa quality cycle...

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