ACCREDITATION OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Coralie Therese D. Dimacali, MDAssociate Dean for Academic DevelopmentCollege of MedicineUniversity of the Philippines Manila

Outline•Concept of Accreditation•History of Accreditation of Medical

Schools in the Philippines•Accreditation Process• Levels of Accreditation•Benefits of Accreditation• Impact of Accreditation

Accreditation

•A quality assurance mechanism wherein educational institutions and their academic program offerings are evaluated by an external body to determine if set standards are met

Accreditation in the Philippines

• In the Philippines, accreditation is generally voluntary in nature.• 21.54% (484/2247) of higher education

institutions (HEIs) accredited by CHED• 26.31% (10/38) medical schools accredited• 2/38 candidates• 7/38 applicants

http://www.ched.gov.ph

Accreditation

• a concept based on self-regulation which focuses on evaluation and the continuing improvement of educational quality.

• a process by which institutions or programs continuously upgrade their educational quality and services through self-evaluation and the judgment of peers.

• a status granted to an educational institution or program which meets commonly accepted standards of quality or excellence.

Aims of Accreditation

• To stimulate medical schools to formulate their plans for change and quality improvement

• To safeguard medical practice and manpower utilization through well defined standards

• NATIONAL• Commission on Higher Education

(CHED)• Philippine Association of Schools,

Colleges and Universities (PAASCU)• Association of Philippine Medical

Colleges (APMC)• Best practices of medical schools

Accreditation standards

• REGIONAL • Association for Medical Education in

the Western Pacific Region (AMEWPR)• GLOBAL • World Federation for Medical

Education (WFME)

Accreditation standards

Accrediting Agencies for the Private Sector

ACCREDITING AGENCIES YEAR ESTABLISHED

Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU)

1957

Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities - Commission on Accreditation (PACU-COA)

1973

Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities Accrediting Agency, Inc. (ACSCU-AAI)

1976

Accrediting Agencies for the Public Sector

ACCREDITING AGENCIESYEAR

ESTABLISHED

Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines, Inc. (AACCUP)

1987

Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (ALCUCOA)

2003

CHED

FAAP NNQAA

ACSCU-AAI PAASCU PACU-COA AACCUP ALCUCOA

CHED-RECOGNIZED ACCREDITATION SYSTEM

(CMO.1, s. 2005)

PAASCU BOARD OF TRUSTEES

GRADE SCHOOL MEDICAL EDUCATION

HIGH SCHOOL

TERTIARY EDUCATION

GRADUATE PROGRAMS

PAASCU COMMISSIONS

BASIC EDUCATION

Founding Member, Asia-Pacific Quality Network

(APQN) established in 2003

70 member agencies and institutions from 30 countries

Founding Member: International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) since 1991Membership: 200 accrediting agencies from over a hundred countries

Certified by the U.S. Department of Education National Committee for Foreign Medical Education Accreditation (NCFMEA) until 2017

Comparable to standards used to accredit US Medical Schools

BANGLADESH American International University-Bangladesh

SAMOAOceania University of Medicine

THAILANDNIVA International School

BAHRAINPhilippine School (Bahrain)

INDONESIAUniversitas Gadjah Mada

History of Accreditation (MD)

1957 – Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) organized

1967 – Association of Philippine Medical Colleges (APMC) established

1999 – APMC-PAASCU worked on the accreditation process for the M.D. Program

2001 – PAASCU created the Commission on Medical Education

History of Accreditation (MD)

2001 – An M.D. is elected to the PAASCU Board of Trustees

2003 – UP: First M.D. Program to receive formal accreditation

2004 – UERM: 2nd M.D. Program to be accredited

2007 – CIM: 3rd M.D. Program to be accredited

PAASCU Accreditation Process

Institutional Self-survey

Pre-survey or prelimina

ry visit

Formal survey

visit

Initial accredita

tion (3 years)

Full accreditat

ion (5 years)

Areas Evaluated

1. Mission and Objectives2. Faculty3. Curriculum and Instruction4. Clinical Training/Service Facilities5. Research6. Students7. Library8. Administration9. Physical Plant and Other Resources

CHED Accreditation Levels

Status DescriptionCandidate Submitted preliminary surveyLevel I Initial accreditation, 3 yearsLevel II Formal accreditation, 5 yearsLevel III Re-accreditation, 5 yearsLevel IV Re-accreditation, 5 years

CHED Accreditation LevelsStatus Description

Level III Re-accreditedMeets first 2 criteria plus any 2 of the rest:• HIGH STANDARD OF INSTRUCTION• HIGHLY VISIBLE RESEARCH TRADITION• Highly visible community program• Strong faculty development• Highly creditable licensure exam

performance• Working Consortia or Linkages• Extensive library and learning resources

CHED Accreditation LevelsStatus DescriptionLevel IV • Very high quality academic programs

• Prestige and authority• Comparable to excellent foreign

universities• Excellent outcomes in:• Research• Teaching and Learning• Community Service and Social

Upliftment• International Linkages and Consortia• Planning Processes

Accreditation Benefits

STATUS BENEFITSLevel I • Full administrative and financial

deregulation• Priority for grants and funding

assistance• Authority to revise curriculum• Authority to graduate students• Right to use the word “Accredited”

in advertisements/publications

Level II

Accreditation Benefits

STATUS BENEFITSLevel III • All the benefits for Levels I,II

• Curricular deregulation• Privilege to offer distance education and

extension classes for Level III courses and to participate in transnational education

Level IV • All the above benefits• Grant of charter or Full autonomy for the

program• Award of grants/subsidies from the

CHED’s Higher Education Development Fund (HEDF)

MEDICAL SCHOOLS STATUS1. University of the Philippines Manila IV

2 University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc. IV

3. Cebu Institute of Medicine II4. Oceania University of Medicine (Apia, Samoa) I5. University of Santo Tomas I6. Xavier University – Dr. Jose P. Rizal College of

Medicine, Cagayan de Oro I7. De La Salle – Health Sciences Institute

Dasmariñas, Cavite I8. Far Eastern University – Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical

Foundation, Quezon City I9. Saint Louis University, Baguio City I

10 Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao City I

PAASCU Accredited Medical Schools

MEDICAL SCHOOLS STATUS

West Visayas State University Candidate

Ateneo de Zamboanga Candidate

PAASCU Candidate Medical Schools

PAASCU Applicant Medical Schools

1. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City2. MCU-Filemon D. Tanchoco Memorial Foundation,

Inc., Caloocan City3. Silliman University Medical School, Dumaguete City4. Southwestern University, Cebu City5. Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela City6. University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City7. Central Philippine University, Iloilo City8. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Impact of Accreditation

• Improved quality of medical education• Better student/graduate outcomes• Better quality of care for patients• Published research lacking

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV

Objective: Investigate the USMLE performance of ECFMG applicants based on medical school PAASCU accreditation status.

Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.

RESULTS

School Accreditation Status

First attempt pass rate

Step 1 Step 2 ClinicalKnowledge

Step 2 ClinicalSkills

Non-Accredited

31.2%N = 779

45.9%N = 442

79.3%N = 284

Candidate for Accreditation

34.8%N = 310

58.3%N = 168

77.9%N = 145

Accredited63.7%

N = 159977.3%

N = 120487.1%

N = 1084

First attempt USMLE pass rates by school accreditation status

Results:• Applicants from accredited schools were

more likely to pass all USMLE exams on the first attempt as compared to applicants from non-accredited schools.• Applicants from candidate for

accreditation schools performed similarly to applicants from non-accredited schools.

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV

Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV

Results: • For USMLE Step 1, attending an

accredited school was associated with increases in first attempt pass rates of 15.9% for Mexican citizens and 29.2% for Philippine citizens.

Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV

• Results:

• In registrants from the Philippines who took all three examinations, attending an accredited medical school was also associated with increased success in obtaining ECFMG certification.

Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV

Conclusion:

These findings support the value and usefulness of accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines by linking accreditation to improved student outcomes.

Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.

Summary

• Accreditation of medical schools in the Philippines is in its infancy.• Accreditation is voluntary.• PAASCU is the accrediting agency tasked

to accredit medical schools in the Philippines.• Accreditation status of medical schools

appears to correlate with student outcomes.

Acknowledgements

• Dr. Ramon ArcadioVice President, PAASCUChairman, PAASCU Commission on Medical Education

• Dr. Jose CuetoExaminer, Board of MedicineProfessional Regulation CommissionPhilippines

UP MEDICAL ALUMNI FUND (UPMAF)in collaboration with

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILACOLLEGE OF MEDICINECOLLEGE OF NURSING

COLLEGE OF PHARMACYpresents

PATIENT SAFETY CONGRESS “TOWARDS A UNIFIED APPROACH TO PATIENT SAFETY: THE ASEAN PERSPECTIVE”

June 24-26, 2015 The Manila Hotel

1st

1st ASEAN Patient Safety Congress, Manila, Philippines (June 24-26, 2015)

Coinciding activities:• UPCM Grand Scientific Symposium• Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Deans

Meeting• Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Research

Network

Scientific Program• Plenary Sessions – Basic Concepts and Principles of Patient Safety,– Safety culture,– Patient Safety Management Strategies– Ethico-legal issues in Patient Safety– Patient & Family Engagement

• Parallel Symposia – Teamwork & Effective Communication– Safety Across the Continuum of Care

• Infection Control• Medication Errors• Safety in Invasive Procedures

– Patient Safety in Education and Health Care Management

Scientific Program• Consensus Building Statement and Guiding

Principles for Patient Safety in the ASEAN region

• Free paper sessions