accreditation seminar education
TRANSCRIPT
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTANANCE OF STANDARDS AND
ACCREDITATION IN NURSING EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
“Standards are professionally developed expressions of the range of acceptable
variations from a norm or criterion" -Avedis Donabedian.
INTRODUCTION
Standards ensures practicing things in the right way and doing things in how they
actually be done. Standard and quality go hand in hand. The standard is also bound to ethical
values. A standards has its own scientific backgrounds for any type of institutions. Only
nursing institutions which maintains standards can bring forth nurses who can perform
standard nursing care. Standard is a broad statement of quality- a definite, adequately
required, aimed at a possible level of excellence. It agrees upon an achieved level of
performance which is considered proper and adequate for a specific purpose against which
actual performance is mapped.
DEFINITION OF STANDARDS
Standards may be defined as "Benchmark of achievement which is based on a desired
level of excellence.
Standards are pre-determined elements against which aspects of the quality of medical
service or education may be compared.
STANDARDS IN NURSING EDUCATION
Standard is an established rules or basis of comparison in measuring or judging
capacity, quality context and value of objects in same category. Selected standards are
reliable and relevant for the category being compared. It is a definite level of excellence, or
adequately required, aimed at or possible. It agreed upon achieved level of performance,
considered proper and adequate for a specific purpose against which actual performance is
compared.
It is an acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value.
Importance of standards
A standard is a means of determining what something should be.
Standards of setting up of a nursing education institution is the concreate statements
or intensions and requirements upon which the available resources are compared.
Quality improvement in nursing education is the primary aim of maintaining or
sticking on to this standards.
Keeping of standards of nursing education institutions and maintaining it will bring
forth individuals who can effectively practice and survive in the current systems of
health management and who can understand and solve the changing needs of the
society.
Audits and inspections helps to maintain these standards in nursing educational
institutions.
Purposes of standards
Give directions and guidelines for performance.
Improves quality of nursing education.
Provides a baseline for evaluating quality of nursing education.
Improves proper documentations.
Helps to make out the degree to which the standards are met and to make necessary
corrections and improvements in time.
Act as a basis for decision making.
Helps to justify the demands of a institution.
Helps the authorities to prepare themselves and to guide the faculty.
Characteristics of standards
Must be realistic, acceptable and attainable.
Must be understandable and stated in unambiguous terms.
Must be based on current needs of society and health care environment.
Must be directed towards the ideal.
Must be able to apply to various settings.
Must be developed by the members of the nursing profession.
Must be reviewed and revised periodically.
Sources of standards for nursing education institutions.
o Professional organizations. Eg .TNAI
o Licensing bodies. Eg .INC
o Institutions
o State and central government
Types of standards
Structure standards:
It involves setup of the institutions. The philosophy goals and objectives, structure of
the organization, facilities and the equipments and the qualification of the faculty are also the
components. The use of structure standards implies that if the structure is adequate, reliable
and desirable, standards will be met and quality products will be produced.
Process standards:
It refers to the performance or behavior. The process standards involves the activities
concerned with the functioning of a nursing institution. The processs standards assist in
measuring the degree of skills, with which the education process is carried out
Outcome standards:
It refers to the end result or outcome of a nursing education institutions, whether it is
able to bring out qualified professional nurse who are competent in their profession.
STANDARDS FOR SETTING UP OF NURSING EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMMES(INC)
Minimum standard requirement for starting ANM course
A school for training of the ANM should be located in a community Health Centre
(PHC annexe) or a Rural Hospital (RH) having minimum bed strength of 30 and
maximum 50 and serving an area with community health programmes. The school
should also be affiliated to a district hospital or a secondary care hospital in order to
provide experiences of secondary level health care and an extensive gynae-obstertical
care.
An organization having a hospital with 150 beds with minimum 30-50 obstetrics and
gynecology beds, and 100 delivery cases monthly can also open ANM school. The
should also have an affiliation of PHC/CHC for the community Health Nursing field
experience.
Existing ANM schools attached to District Hospitals should have PHC annexe
(accommodation facility for 20-30 students) for community health field experience.
Physical Facilities
Office room 1
Class-room 2
Nursing laboratory 1
Nutrition laboratory 1
Library cum study 1
Audio visual aid 1
Clinical Facilities
School has to be affiliated to district hospital or a secondary care hospital with
minimum 150 beds.
Bed occupancy on the average to be between 60% -70%.
Teaching facility - Teaching faculty for 20-40 annual admission:
Category Minimum qualification and experience
Principal M.Sc. Nursing with 3 years of teaching experience or B.Sc(N)
with 5 years of teaching experience.
Nursing Tutor B.Sc.Nursing/Diploma in Nursing Education &
Administration/Diploma in Public Health Nursing with 2 years
clinical experience.
Guidelines to start ANM course
Any organization under the central government, state government, local body or a
private or public trust, mission, voluntary registered under society registration act or a
company registered under company’s act wishes to open and ANM training school,
should obtain the no objection/essentiality certificate from the state government.
If any nursing programme is recognised by Indian Nursing Council, then the
institution will be exempted from noc/essentiality certificate for A.N.M. from the state
government.
The Indian Nursing Council on receipt of the proposal from the institution to start
ANM training program, will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with
regard to physical infrastructure, clinical facility and teaching faculty in order to give
permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of the permission to start ANM training program from Indian nursing
council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the state nursing council and
examination board.
Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of state nursing council
and examination board.
The Indian Nursing Council will conduct inspection every year till the first batch
completes the programme. Permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
Minimum standard requirement for starting GNM course
Physical facilities for teaching block
Teaching BlockArea in sq.ft
Lecture hall 4320
Nursing foundation lab 1500
CHN lab 900
Nutrition lab 900
OBG and peadiatric lab 900
Pre-clinical science lab 900
Computer lab 1500
Multipurpose hall 3000
Common room for boys and girls 2000
Staff room 1000
Principal room 300
Vice principal room 200
Library 2400
A.V aids room 600
One room for each head of the departments 800
Faculty room 2400
Provision for toilet 1000
Total 23720 sq.ft
Hostel Block
Hostel blockArea in sq.ft
Room for students 2400
Sanitary One latrine and one bath room for 5
students. 500 sq.ft
Visitor room 500
Reading room 250
Store 500
Recreation room 500
Dining hall 3000
Kitchen and store 1500
Total 30750
Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to the number of
students admitted.
School and College of nursing can share laboratories, if they are in same campus
under same name and under same trust, that is the institution is one but offering
different nursing programmes. However they should have equipments and articles
proportionate to the strength of admission. And the class rooms should be available as
per the requirement stipulated by Indian Nursing Council of each programme
Clinical Facilities
School of nursing should have a 120-150 bedded Parent/Affiliated Hospital for 40 annual
intake in each programme:
Distribution of beds in different areas
Medical 30
Surgical 30
Obst. & Gynaecology 30
Pediatrics 20
Ortho 10
Bed Occupancy of the Hospital should be minimum 75%.
The size of the Hospital/Nursing Home for affiliation should not be less than 50 beds.
Other Specialities/Facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:
o Major OT
o Minor OT
o Dental
o Eye/ENT
o Burns and Plastic
o Neonatology with Nursery
o Communicable disease
o Community Health Nursing
o Cardiology
o Oncology
o Neurology/Neuro-surgery
o Nephrology etc.
o ICU/ICCU
Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds.
The Nursing Staffing norms in the affiliated Hospital should be as per the INC norms.
The affiliated Hospital should give student status to the candidates of the nursing
programme.
Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms.
1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.
If the institution is having both GNM and B.Sc(N) programme, it would require 240 bedded
parent/affiliated hospital for 40 annual intake in each programme to maintain 1:3 student
patient ratio.
Teaching facility - Qualification of Teaching Staff:
Principal M.Sc nursing with 3 years of teaching
experience or B.Sc nursing with 5 years of
teaching experience
Vice-principal M.Sc nursing or B.Sc nursing with 3 years of
teaching experience
Tutor M.Sc nursing or B.Sc nursing or diploma in
nursing education and administration with 2
years of professional experience.
For School of nursing with 60 students (i.e., an annual intake of 20 students):
Teaching facultyNo.required
Principal 1
Vice principal 1
Tutor 4
Additional tutor for interns 1
Total 7
Guidelines to start G.N.M. course
Any organization under the Central Government, State Government, Local body or a
Private or Public Trust, Mission, Voluntary registered under Society Registration Act
or a Company registered under company’s act wishes to open a School of Nursing
should obtain the No Objection/Essentiality certificate from the State Government.
If any Nursing Programme is recognised by Indian Nursing Council, then the
institution will be exempted from NOC/Essentiality certificate for G.N.M. from the
state Government.
The Indian Nursing Council on receipt of the proposal from the Institution to start
nursing programme, will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with regard
to physical infrastructure, clinical facility and teaching faculty in order to give
permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of the permision to start the nursing programme from Indian Nurisng
Council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the State Nursing Council and
Examination Board.
Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of State Nursing Council
and Examination Board.
The Indian Nursing Council will conduct inspection every year till the first batch
completes the programme. Permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
Minimum standard requirement for starting B.Sc nursing course
Physical facilities for teaching block
Teaching BlockArea in sq.ft
Lecture hall 4320
Nursing foundation lab 1500
CHN lab 900
Nutrition lab 900
OBG and peadiatric lab 900
Pre-clinical science lab 900
Computer lab 1500
Multipurpose hall 3000
Common room for boys and girls 2000
Staff room 1000
Principal room 300
Vice principal room 200
Library 2400
A.V aids room 600
One room for each head of the departments 800
Faculty room 2400
Provision for toilet 1000
Total 23720 sq.ft
Hostel Block
Hostel blockArea in sq.ft
Room for students 2400
Sanitary One latrine and one bath room for 5
students. 500 sq.ft
Visitor room 500
Reading room 250
Store 500
Recreation room 500
Dining hall 3000
Kitchen and store 1500
Total 30750
Clinical Facilities
College of nursing should have a 120-150 bedded Parent/Affiliated Hospital for 40 annual
intake in each programme:
Distribution of beds in different areas
o Medical - 30
o Surgical - 30
o Obst. & Gynecology - 30
o Pediatrics-20
o Ortho - 10
Bed Occupancy of the Hospital should be minimum 75%.
The size of the Hospital/Nursing Home for affiliation should not be less than
50 beds.
Other Specialties/Facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:
o Major OT
o Minor OT
o Dental
o Eye/ENT
o Burns and Plastic
o Neonatology with Nursery
o Communicable disease
o Community Health Nursing
o Cardiology
o Oncology
o Neurology/Neuro-surgery
o Nephrology etc.
o ICU/ICCU
Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds.
The Nursing Staffing norms in the affiliated Hospital should be as per the INC
norms.
The affiliated Hospital should give student status to the candidates of the
nursing programme.
Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms.
1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.
If the institution is having both GNM and B.Sc(N) programme, it would require 240 bedded
parent/affiliated hospital for 40 annual intake in each programme to maintain 1:3 student
patient ratio.
Qualifications and experience of teachers of college of nursing
Professor cum principal M.Sc nursing with total 10 years of
experience , minimum of 5 years of teaching
experience
Professor cum vice principal M.Sc nursing with total 10 years of
experience , minimum of 5 years of teaching
experience
Reader/ associate professor M.Sc nursing with total 7 years of experience
, minimum of 3 years of teaching experience
Lecturer M.Sc nursing with 3 years of experience
Tutor / clinical instructer M.Sc nursing or B.Sc nursing with 1 year
experience or basic B.Sc nursing with post
diploma in clinical speciality
Guidelines to start B.Sc. Course
Any organization under the Central Government, State Government, Local body or a
Private or Public Trust, Mission, Voluntary registered under Society Registration Act
or a Company registered under company’s act wishes to open a School/College of
Nursing, should obtain the No Objection/Essentiality certificate from the State
government.
If any Nursing Programme is recognised by Indian Nursing Council, then the
institution will be exempted from NOC/Essentiality certificate for B.Sc. (N) from the
state Government.
The Indian Nursing council on receipt of the proposal from the Institution to start
nursing College, will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with regard to
physical infrastructure, clinical facility and teaching faculty in order to give
permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of the permission to start the nursing programme from Indian
Nursing Council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the State Nursing
Council and University.
Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of State Nursing Council
and University.
The Indian Nursing Council will conduct inspection every year till the first batch
completes the programme. Permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
Minimum standard requirement for starting Pc. B.Sc course
Physical facilities for teaching block
Teaching BlockArea in sq.ft
Lecture hall 4320
Nursing foundation lab 1500
CHN lab 900
Nutrition lab 900
OBG and peadiatric lab 900
Pre-clinical science lab 900
Computer lab 1500
Multipurpose hall 3000
Common room for boys and girls 2000
Staff room 1000
Principal room 300
Vice principal room 200
Library 2400
A.V aids room 600
One room for each head of the departments 800
Faculty room 2400
Provision for toilet 1000
Total 23720 sq.ft
Hostel facility
Hostel blockArea in sq.ft
Room for students 2400
Sanitary One latrine and one bath room for 5
students. 500 sq.ft
Visitor room 500
Reading room 250
Store 500
Recreation room 500
Dining hall 3000
Kitchen and store 1500
Total 30750
Clinical Facilities
College of nursing should have a 120-150 bedded Parent/Affiliated Hospital for 40 annual
intake in each programme:
Distribution of beds in different areas
o Medical - 30
o Surgical - 30
o Obst. & Gynecology - 30
o Pediatrics - 20
Ortho - 10
Bed Occupancy of the Hospital should be minimum 75%.
The size of the Hospital/Nursing Home for affiliation should not be less than
50 beds.
Other Specialties/Facilities for clinical experience required are as follows:
o Major OT
o Minor OT
o Dental
o Eye/ENT
o Burns and Plastic
o Neonatology with Nursery
o Communicable disease
o Community Health Nursing
o Cardiology
o Oncology
o Neurology/Neuro-surgery
o Nephrology etc.
o ICU/ICCU
Affiliation of psychiatric hospital should be of minimum 30-50 beds.
The Nursing Staffing norms in the affiliated Hospital should be as per the INC
norms.
The affiliated Hospital should give student status to the candidates of the
nursing programme.
Affiliated hospitals should be in the radius of 15-30 kms.
1:3 student patient ratio to be maintained.
If the institution is having both GNM and B.Sc(N) programme, it would require 240 bedded
parent/affiliated hospital for 40 annual intake in each programme to maintain 1:3 student
patient ratio.
Teaching facilities
Qualifications & experience of teachers of college of nursing
Professor cum principal M.Sc nursing with total 10 years of
experience , minimum of 5 years of teaching
experience
Professor cum vice principal M.Sc nursing with total 10 years of
experience , minimum of 5 years of teaching
experience
Reader/ associate professor M.Sc nursing with total 7 years of
experience , minimum of 3 years of teaching
experience
Lecturer M.Sc nursing with 3 years of experience
Tutor / clinical instructer M.Sc nursing or B.Sc nursing with 1 year
experience or basic B.Sc nursing with post
diploma in clinical speciality
Guidelines to start P.C.B.Sc. course
Any organization under the Central Government, State Government, Local body or a
Private or Public Trust, Mission, Voluntary registered under Society Registration Act
or a Company registered under company’s act wishes to open a M.Sc. Nursing
programme, should obtain the No Objection/Essentiality certificate from the State
Government.
If any Nursing Programme is recognised by Indian Nursing Council, then the
institution will be exempted from NOC/Essentiality certificate for P.C.B.Sc. (N) from
the state Government.
The Indian Nursing council on receipt of the proposal from the Institution to start
nursing program, will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with regard to
physical infrastructure, clinical facility and teaching faculty in order to give
permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of the permission to start the nursing programme from Indian
Nursing Council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the State Nursing
Council and University.
Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of State Nursing Council
and University.
The Indian Nursing Council will conduct inspection every year till the first batch
completes the programme. Permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
Super Speciality Hospital can start M.Sc.(N) programme, however they have to get
NOC/Essentiality certificate from respective State Government to start the M.Sc. (N)
programme.
Minimum standard requirement for starting M.Sc nursing course
M.Sc. (N)
If parent hospital is super-specialty hospital like cardio-thoracic hospital/cancer with
annual intake 10 M.Sc(N) in cardio thoracic/cancer
o Professor cum coordinator 1
o Reader / Associate Professor 1
o Lecturer 2
The above faculty shall perform dual role.
M.Sc. (N)
Annual intake of 60 students in B.Sc.(N) and 25 students for M.Sc.(N) programme.
o Professor-cum-Principal - 1
o Professor-cum-Vice Principal - 1
o Reader / Associate Professor - 5
o Lecturer - 8
o Tutor / Clinical Instructor - 19
---------------
Total - 34
One in each specialty and all the M.Sc(N) qualified teaching faculty will participate in
all collegiate programmes.
Teacher Student Ratio = 1 : 10 for M.Sc.(N) programme.
Qualifications & experience of teachers of college of nursing
Sr. No. Post Qualification & Experience
1 Professor-cum-
Principal
- Masters Degree in Nursing
- 14 years experience after M.Sc. (N) in College of
Nursing .
- 3 years experience in administration (Years of
experience is relaxable if suitable candidate is not
available) (If a candidate is not available, minimum
5 years of experience in college of nursing, with an
aggregate of 14 years teaching experience)
Desirable : Independent published work of high standard / doctorate degree / M.Phil.
2 Professor-cum-Vice
Principal
- Masters Degree in Nursing
- 14 years experience after M.Sc. (N) in College of
Nursing .
- 3 years experience in administration (Years of
experience is relaxable if suitable candidate is not
available) (If a candidate is not available, minimum
5 years of experience in college of nursing, with an
aggregate of 14 years teaching experience)
Desirable : Independent published work of high standard / doctorate degree / M.Phil.
3 Reader / Associate
Professor
- Master Degree in Nursing.
- 10 years experience after M.Sc.(N) in a College of
Nursing. (If a candidate is not available, 5 years of
experience in College of Nursing with an
aggregates of 10 years teaching experience.
Desirable : Independent published work of high standard /doctorate degree / M.Phil.
4 Lecturer - Master Degree in Nursing.
- 3 years teaching experience after M.Sc. (N)
External /Guest faculty may be arranged for the selected units in different subjects as
required
No part time nursing faculty will be counted for calculating total no. of faculty
required for a college.
Irrespective of number of admissions, all faculty positions (Professor to Lecturer)
must be filled.
For M.Sc.(N) programme appropriate number of M.Sc. faculty in each speciality be
appointed subject to the condition that total number of teaching faculty ceiling is
maintained.
All nursing teachers must possess a basic university or equivalent qualification as laid
down in the schedules of the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947. They shall be
registered under the State Nursing Registration Act.
Nursing faculty in nursing college except tutor/clinical instructors must possess the
requisite recognized postgraduate qualification in nursing subjects.
Holders of equivalent postgraduate qualifications, which may be approved by the
Indian Nursing Council from time to time, may be considered to have the requisite
recognized postgraduate qualification in the subject concerned.
All teachers of nursing other than Principal and Vice-Principal should spend at least 4
hours in the clinical area for clinical teaching and/or supervision of care every day.
Guidelines to start M.Sc. course
Any organization under the Central Government, State Government, Local body or a
Private or Public Trust, Mission, Voluntary registered under Society Registration Act
or a Company registered under company’s act wishes to open a M.Sc. Nursing
programme, should obtain the No Objection/Essentiality certificate from the State
Government.
If the institution is recognized for B.Sc. (N) programme and if one batch has passed
out after found suitable by INC, then the institution will be exempted from
NOC/Essentiality certificate for M.Sc.(N) programe from the State Government.
The Indian Nursing council on receipt of the proposal from the Institution to start
nursing program, will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with regard to
physical infrastructure, clinical facility and teaching faculty in order to give
permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of the permission to start the nursing programme from Indian
Nursing Council, the institution shall obtain the approval from the State Nursing
Council and University.
Institution will admit the students only after taking approval of State Nursing Council
and University.
The Indian Nursing Council will conduct inspection every year till the first batch
completes the programme. Permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
If the institution is recognized for B.Sc. (N) programme and if one batch has passed
out after found suitable by INC, then the institution will be exempted from
NOC/Essentiality certificate for M.Sc.(N) programe from the State Government.
Super Speciality Hospital can start M.Sc.(N) programme, however they have to get
NOC/Essentiality certificate from respective State Government to start the M.Sc. (N)
programme.
PhD in nursing in India
National consortium for Ph.D in Nursing (Ph.D Consortium) has been constituted by
Indian Nursing Council (INC) in collaboration with Rajiv Gandhi University of
Health Sciences and W.H.O., under the Faculty of Nursing to promote doctoral
education in various fields of nursing.
National Consortium for Ph.D. has been constituted by Indian Nursing Council to
promote research activities, in various fields of Nursing. Ph. D Consortium of Indian
Nursing Council in collaboration with Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences,
intends to initiate Ph.D. degree programme in Nursing under the aegis of RGUHS.
6 study centres namely College of Nursing, NIMHANS, Bangalore, R.A.K. College
of Nursing, New Delhi, C.M.C. College of Nursing, Vellore, C.M.C. College of
Nursing, Ludhiana, Govt. College of Nursing, Thiruvanthapuram, Govt. College of
Nursing, Hyderabad, has been recognized by National Consortium for Ph.D. in
Nursing. These centres will be connected by Video conferencing facilities. MOU has
been signed between INC, WHO and RGUHS
Manipal University is offering PhD programes for the faculty.
Some other universities like IGNOU, Sri Ramachandra University and Vinayaka
Mission University in Tamil Nadu is offering PhD programmes in Nursing.
GLOBAL STANDARDS
ICN STANDARDS FOR BASIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY EDUCATION
Standards related to program graduates
1 Out come standards
Graduates demonstrate established competencies in nursing and midwifery
practice.
Graduates demonstrate sound understanding of the determinants of
health.
Graduates of an initial programme in nursing or midwifery meet regulatory
body standards leading to professional licensure/registration as a
nurse or a midwife.
Graduates are awarded a professional degree.
Graduates are eligible for entry into advanced education programmes.
Nursing or midwifery schools employ methods to track the professional
success and progression of education of each graduate.
2. Programme graduate attribute
Nursing or midwifery school graduates will be knowledgeable practitioners who
adhere to the code of ethics and standards of the profession.
Nursing or midwifery schools prepare graduates who demonstrate:
use of evidence in practice,
cultural competence
the ability to practise in the health-care systems of their respective
countries and meet population needs,
critical and analytical thinking,
the ability to manage resources and practise safely and effectively,
the ability to be effective client advocates and professional partners
with other disciplines in health-care delivery,
community service orientation,
leadership ability and continual professional development
Standards related to programme development/ revision
1. Governance
Nursing or midwifery schools define and make public their mission,vision and
objectives.
Nursing or midwifery schools educate their students through the programme to meet
the health-care needs of their societies.
Nursing or midwifery schools clearly define the educational and clinical outcomes of
the programme.
Nursing or midwifery schools employ nursing or midwifery faculty with relevant
expertise in the subject matter and the ability to develop and revise their programmes.
Nursing or midwifery schools have in place and use a system of formative and
summative assessment of the programme’s educational and clinical objectives and
outcomes.
Nursing or midwifery schools define role descriptions for theoretical and clinical
educators including, but not limited to, faculty, clinical supervisors, mentors,
preceptors and teachers.
2. Accreditation
Nursing or midwifery schools are an integral part of a higher education institution that
meets internal standards, recognized accreditation and/ or governing body
requirements.
Nursing or midwifery schools have criteria in place that meet accreditation standards
for clinical practice components of their programmes, academic content and the
demonstration of professional outcomes.
Nursing or midwifery schools and their programmes are recognized or accredited by
credible, relevant professional and academic bodies and re-accredited as required.
3. Infrastructure
Nursing or midwifery schools have accessible, current and relevant physical facilities
including, but not limited to, classrooms, clinical practice sites, information and
communications technology, clinical simulation laboratories and libraries.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a system and policy in place that ensures the
safety and welfare of students and faculty.
Nursing or midwifery schools have professional support personnel and human
resources to meet programme and student demand.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a budget allocation and budget control that meets
programme, faculty and student needs.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a system in place for student-support services.
3. Partnership
Nursing or midwifery schools demonstrate successful partnerships with the academic
institution where their programme is located, with other disciplines, with clinical
practice sites, with clinical and professional organizations and with international
partners.
Carriculam design
1. Carriculam design
Nursing or midwifery schools design curricula and deliver programmes that take into
account workforce planning flows and national and international health-care policies.
Nursing or midwifery schools plan and design curricula to meet national and
international education criteria, and professional and regulatory requirements for
practice.
Nursing or midwifery schools provide classroom and clinical learning that delivers
the knowledge and skills required to meet the needs of their respective populations.
Nursing or midwifery schools establish and demonstrate balance between the theory
and practice components of the curriculum.
Nursing or midwifery schools demonstrate use of recognized approaches to teaching
and learning in their programmes, including, but not limited to, adult education, self-
directed learning, e-learning and clinical simulation.
Nursing or midwifery schools provide classroom and clinical learning based on
established competencies and grounded in the most current,reliable evidence.
Nursing or midwifery schools enable the development of clinical reasoning, problem
solving and critical thinking in their programmes.
Nursing or midwifery schools conduct regular evaluations of curricula and clinical
learning, and include student, client, stakeholder and partne feedback.
Nursing or midwifery programmes offer opportunities for multidisciplinary content
and learning experiences.
2. Core curriculum
Nursing or midwifery curricula provide core content that will enable their graduates to
meet the established competencies.
Nursing programmes provide core content in nursing theory, practice, interventions
and scope of practice.
Midwifery programmes provide core content in midwifery theory, practice,
interventions and scope of practice for strengthening health systems through the
primary health-care approach.
Nursing or midwifery programmes provide supervised clinical learning experience
that support nursing or midwifery theory in diverse settings
3. Curriculum partnership
Nursing or midwifery schools develop partnerships with other healthcare disciplines.
Nursing or midwifery schools use interprofessional teamwork approaches in their
classrooms and clinical learning experiences.
Nursing or midwifery schools have access to, and arrangements for, the clinical
learning sites required for programme delivery.
4. Assessment of students
Nursing or midwifery schools assess student learning, knowledge and skill
development throughout their programmes, using reliable evaluation methodologies.
Nursing or midwifery schools use a variety of methods to assess the subject matter
being studied including, but not limited to, student performance-based assessment and
client/stakeholder feedback.
Nursing or midwifery schools have student retention systems in place.
Faculty
1. Academic faculty
The head of a nursing or midwifery programme is a nurse or midwife who holds a
graduate degree, is educated and experienced in leadership and administration, and
demonstrates knowledge as an educator.
The core academic faculty are nurses and midwives who demonstrate knowledge as
educators and have a minimum of a bachelor’s degree – preferably a graduate degree
– with advanced preparation and clinical competence in their specialty area.
Other health professionals who are guest lecturers in nursing or midwifery
programmes hold a graduate degree and possess clinical and educational expertise in
their specialty.
2. Clinical faculty
Clinical faculty comprises nurses, midwives and other health professionals who hold a
minimum of a university degree and possess clinical and educational expertise in their
specialty area.
Nurses and midwives with clinical expertise in the content area being taught are
designated to supervise and teach students in that clinical practice area.
Nursing or midwifery schools form partnerships to secure a variety of qualified
people to be clinical supervisors and teachers.
3. Professional development faculty
Nursing or midwifery schools have a policy and system in place that validates the
updated clinical and educational expertise and competency of faculty.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a system in place that provides faculty with
opportunities for development in teaching, scholarship, practice and external
professional activity.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a system and policy in place and provide time
and resources for competency development for staff.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a policy and system in place for reward and
recognition of staff in accordance with the requirements for promotion and tenure of
the institution .
Programme admission
1. Admission policy and selection
Nursing or midwifery schools have a transparent admission policy that specifies the
process of student selection and the minimum acceptance criteria.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a transparent non-discriminatory admission and
selection process.
Nursing or midwifery schools have a system and policy in place that takes into
account different entry points of students, recognition of their prior learning,
experience and progression options toward higher education goals.
Nursing or midwifery schools have entry requirements that meet national criteria for
higher education institutions including, but not limited to, completion of secondary
education.
2. Student type and intake
Nursing or midwifery schools admit students with backgrounds in basic science and
mathematics who demonstrate skills in the language of instruction and in dealing with
the clients.
Nursing or midwifery schools admit students who have the ability to meet the
requirements of the programme.
Nursing or midwifery schools admit students who meet the institution’s health and
any other requirements, as well as any national requirements for selection.
Nursing or midwifery schools seek students who demonstrate the will to serve in
health and the ability to be independent learners.
ACCREDITATION
Accreditation is vital for the welfare of an institution of higher education. Those
institutions that fail to attain accreditation or are removed from the list of accrediting agency
may be handicapped in a number of ways
Definition
Selden defines accreditation as a ‘process whereby any agency recognizes a college or
school programme of study as having met certain predetermined qualifications or standards.
Concepts of accreditation
1. The concept of accreditation of educational programmes in nursing is very important.
Prospective nursing students should inquire about the accreditation status of any
nursing programme they are considering
2. Employers of nurses are usually only interested in hiring or employing nurses who are
graduates of accredited programmes. And acceptance into graduate programme in
nursing is usually depend on graduation from an accredited baccalaureate programme.
3. It is an ongoing evaluation process where a nursing college is recognized after it has
been evaluated and found to meet all pre determined qualifications and standards.
4. Accreditation refers to a voluntary review process of educational programmes by a
professional organization. The organization is called an accrediting agency , and is
invited to compare the educational quality of the programme with established
standards and criteria.
5. Accrediting is carried on mainly by voluntary organizations. Although these
organizations are advisory in nature and do not have legal powers to control
institutions of higher education, they do exert influence.
6. Accreditations had extensive influence on the development of higher education. They
have also been the focus of controversy.
Purpose of accreditation
Maintenance of adequate admission requirements
Maintenance of minimum academic standards
Stimulation of institutional self improvement.
Protection of institutions of higher education against educationally and socially
harmful pressures.
Types of accreditation agencies
1. Regional accreditation agencies: These are concerned with appraising the total
activities of institutions of higher learning and with guarding the quality of liberal
education.
2. National professional accreditation agencies: Professional accrediting is
supported by state licensing laws. Individuals who hold a common body of
knowledge and who have a desire to attain high vocational status tend to form
professional organizations.
3. State accrediting agencies: Accreditation may be a function of state agencies,
department and state universities. These agencies may be voluntary, extra-
legal( or legal).
Accreditation agencies
National accrediting agencies are concerned with appraising the total activities of
institutions of higher learning, and with safe guarding the quality of liberal education , which
is the foundation of professional programmes in colleges and universities. Each agency
establishes criteria for the evaluation of institutions in its region and it reviews those
institutions periodically, and publishes fro time to time a list of those agencies which it has
accredited.
India has the following national educational councils:
1. Central advisory board of education.
2. All India council for elementary education.
3. All India council for secondary education.
4. University grant commission.
5. All India council for technical education.
6. National Assessment and Accreditation council.
National Professional Accrediting Agencies
Professional accreditation is supported by state licensing laws.
Individual who poses a common body of knowledge and have a desire to attain high
vocational status tent to form professional organizations. These professional groups aims to
foster research to improve service to the public and increase the number of individuals
admitted to the profession. Controlling admission is vital to a professional group particularly
in the early stages when the profession is struggling for status. Professional laws tent to
restrict admission through the state licensing laws and through the accreditation of the
colleges and universities which offer relevant programmes.
In India particularly in the field of health, the following national professional accrediting
agencies exist:
1. Medical Council of India.
2. Indian Nursing Council.
3. Dental Council of India
4. Pharmacy Council of India
5. Central Council of Indian System of Medicine.
Accreditation of Nursing Institutions
Indian Nursing Council is the accrediting agency for all the nursing programmes, which
includes Diploma(GNM), B.Sc nursing, Post basic nursing, M.Sc nursing, M.Phil and Ph.D.
Accreditation by inspection
1. First inspection: First inspection is conducted on receipt of the proposal received from
the institute to start any nursing programme prescribed by INC. the proposal should
have the following requisite document
Application form
The requisite annexure for school of nursing.
Permission letter by start government/ essentiality certificate of the respective state
government, duely attested by nottery.
Duty attested registration certificate of society or trust deed.
A bank draft for Rs. 25000 towards first inspection fee for school of nursing in favour
of secretory INC , New Delhi
Proposal for starting of nursing which includes in detail of teaching staff, clinical and
physical fecility including budget.
The requisite annexure for college of nursing
Permission letter by state government / essentiality certificate of the respective state
government.
Consent letter from university.
Duely attested registration certificate of society or trust deed.
A bank draft for Rs. 50000 towards first inspection fee for school of nursing in favour
of secretory INC , New Delhi
Proposal for starting of nursing which includes in detail of teaching faculty, clinical
and physical facility including budget.
2. Periodic inspection: INC conduct periodic(after 3 years) inspection of the institution
once the institution is found suitable. INC monitors the standards of nursing education
and its adherence to the norms prescribed by it. Institutions are required to pay annual
affiliation fees every year. However if the institution does not comply with the norms
prescribed by INC for teaching, clinical and physical facilities, the institution will be
declared un suitable.
3. Reinspection: reinspections are conducted for those institutions which are found un
suitable by INC. the institutions and Government are informed about the deficiencies
and advised to improve upon them. Once the institutions takes necessary steps to
rectify the deficiencies and reinspection fees. On receipt of the compliance report and
the fees from the institution it will be considered for reinspection.
4. Enhancement inspection: INC conducts inspection of the institution once the
institution is found suitable by INC and on receipt of the fees and proposal for
enhancement of seats.
Guide lines for establishment of new school/ colleges in India approved by INC
Any organization under the central government, state government, local body or a
private or public trust , mission, voluntary registered under society registration act wishes to
open a nursing institution should obtain the no objection/ essentiality certificate from the state
government.
The INC on receipt of the proposal from the institution to start nursing programme
will undertake the first inspection to assess suitability with regard to physical infrastructure ,
clinical facility and teaching faculty inorder to give permission to start the programme.
After the receipt of permission to start the nursing programme from INC the
institution shall obtain approval from the state nursing council and examination board or
university.
Institution will admit the student only after taking approval of state nursing council
and examination board or university. The INC will conduct inspection every year till the first
batch completes. The programme permission will be given year by year till the first batch
completes.
CONCLUSION
The need for standards has arisen for several reasons – the increasing complexities in
health-care provision, the increasing number of health professionals at different levels, and
the need to assure more equitable access to health care. The great variation in the levels of
education for professional nurses and midwives around the world can no longer be neglected.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Clement I. Mangement of Nursing Service and Education.1st ed. Elsevier
publications; India: 2011. P 448-50
2. Raj D E B, Anbu T, Venkatesan B, Loganathan G. Management of nursing services
and education. Ist ed. EMMES publication; Bangalore: 2010. P 377-9, 362-3, P 420
3. Basavanthappa B T. Nursing Administration. 1st ed. Jaypee publications; India: 2002.
P 439-44
4. Minimum standard requirements. Available from:
http://www.indiannursingcouncil.org/fee-structure-nursing-programs.asp
5. Global standards for initial education for nursing and midwifery. Available from.
www.who.int/hrh/...midwifery/hrh_global_standards_education.pdf