accredited by naac with ‘a’ grade · 2019-01-09 · visakhapatnam hyderabad ... special...

1

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT

(GITAM) (Deemed to be University, Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

VISAKHAPATNAM HYDERABAD BENGALURU

Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS

Master of Science in

CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY as

Specialisation)

(W.e.f. 2016-17 admitted batch)

Website: www.gitam.edu

2

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL)

REGULATIONS (W.e.f. 2016-17 admitted batch)

1.0 ADMISSIONS

Admissions into M.Sc. Chemistry (Pharmaceutical) program of GITAM University are

governed by GITAM University admission regulations.

2.0 ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

2.1 A pass in B.Sc. with Chemistry as one of the Subject(s) and with a

minimum aggregate of 50% marks in degree or any other equivalent Examination

approved by GITAM University.

2.2 Admissions into M.Sc. CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY))

will be based on an All India GITAM Science Admission Test (GSAT) conducted

by GITAM University and the rule of reservation, wherever applicable.

3.0 CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

Choice based credit system (CBCS) is introduced with effect from the admitted batch of

2015-16 based on UGC guidelines in order to promote:

Student centered learning

Cafeteria approach

Inter-disciplinary learning.

Learning goals/objectives and outcomes are specified leading to what a student should be

able to do at the end of the program.

4.0 STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME

4.1 The program consists of:

i) Core Courses (compulsory).

ii) Discipline centric electives which

a) are supportive to the discipline

b) give expanded scope of the subject

c) Give interdisciplinary exposure

d) Nurture the student skills

iii) Open electives are of general nature either related or unrelated to the

discipline.

iv) Practical Proficiency Courses: Laboratory and Project work

4.2 Each course is assigned a certain number of credits depending upon the

number of contact hours (lectures/tutorials/practical) per week.

4.3 In general, credits are assigned to the courses based on the following

contact hours per week per semester.

One credit for each lecture / tutorial hour.

Two credits for six hours of practicals.

Three credits for nine hours of practicals

Eight credits for project

3

4.4 The curriculum of four semesters M.Sc. CHEMISTRY

(PHARMACEUTICAL) program is designed to have a total of 91 credits for the

award of M.Sc. degree.

5.0 MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION:

The medium of instruction (including examinations and project reports) shall be English.

6.0 REGISTRATION

Every student has to register himself/herself for each semester individually at the time

specified by the Institute / University.

7.0 ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS

7.1 A student whose attendance is less than 75% in all the courses put together

in any semester will not be permitted to attend the end - semester examination and

he/she will not be allowed to register for subsequent semester of study. He /She

have to repeat the semester along with his / her juniors.

7.2 However, the Vice Chancellor on the recommendation of the Principal/ Director

of the University College / Institute may condone the shortage of attendance to

the students whose attendance is between 66% and 74% on genuine medical

grounds and on payment of prescribed fee.

8.0 EVALUATION

8.1 The assessment of the student’s performance in a Theory course shall be

based on two components: Continuous Evaluation (40 marks) and Semester-end

examination (60 marks).

8.2 A student has to secure an aggregate of 40% in the course in the two

components put together to be declared to have passed the course, subject to the

condition that the candidate must have secured a minimum of 24 marks (i.e. 40%)

in the theory component at the semester-end examination.

8.3 Practical/ Viva voce/ Seminar etc. course are completely assessed under

Continuous Evaluation for a maximum of 100 marks, and a student has to obtain a

minimum of 40% to secure Pass Grade. Details of Assessment Procedure are

furnished below in Table 1.

4

Table 1: Assessment Procedure

S.

No.

Component of

assessment

Marks

allotted

Type of

Assessment

Scheme of Examination

1

Theory

40

Continuous

evaluation

(i) Two mid semester examinations shall

be conducted for 15 marks each.

(ii) 5 marks are allocated for quiz.

(iii) 5marks are allocated for assignments.

60 Semester-end

examination

The semester-end examination shall be for

a maximum of 60 marks.

Total 100

2

Practicals

40

Continuous

evaluation

Forty (40) marks for continuous evaluation

is distributed among the components:

regularity, preparation for the practical,

performance, submission of records and

oral presentations in the laboratory.

Weightage for each component shall be

announced at the beginning of the

Semester.

60

Continuous

evaluation

Sixty (60) marks for two tests of 30 marks

each (one at the mid-term and the other

towards the end of the Semester)

conducted by the concerned lab Teacher

and another faculty member of the

department who is not connected to the

lab, as appointed by the HoD.

Total 100

3

Project work

(IV semester)

200

Project

evaluation

(i) 150 marks are allocated for

evaluation of the project work dissertation

submitted by the candidate.

(ii) 50 marks are allocated for the

project Viva-Voce.

(iii) The project work evaluation and

the Viva-Voce will be conducted by one

external examiner outside the University

and the internal project work supervisor.

9.0 REAPPEARANCE

9.1 A student who has secured ‘F’ grade in a Theory course shall have to reappear at the

subsequent semester end examinations held for that course.

9.1.1 A student who has secured ‘F’ grade in a Practical course shall have to attend

Special Instruction Classes held during summer.

9.1.2 A student who has secured ‘F’ Grade in Project work / Industrial Training etc

shall have to improve his/her report and reappear for Viva – voce at the time of

Special Examination to be conducted in the summer vacation.

5

10.0 SPECIAL EXAMINATION

A student who has completed his/her period of study and still has “F” grade in a

maximum of three Theory courses is eligible to appear for Special Examination normally

held during summer vacation.

11.0 BETTERMENT OF GRADES

A student who has secured only a Pass or Second class and desires to improve his/her

Class can appear for Betterment Examinations only in Theory courses of any Semester of

his/her choice, conducted in Summer Vacation along with the Special Examinations.

Betterment of Grades is permitted ‘only once’ immediately after completion of the

program of study.

12.0 GRADING SYSTEM

12.1 Based on the student performance during a given semester, a final letter grade

will be awarded at the end of the semester in each course. The letter grades and

the corresponding grade points are as given in Table-2.

Table 2: Grades & Grade Points

Sl.No. Grade Grade Points Absolute Marks

1 O (outstanding) 10 90 and above

2 A+ (Excellent) 9 80 to 89

3 A (Very Good) 8 70 to 79

4 B+ (Good) 7 60 to 69

5 B (Above Average) 6 50 to 59

6 C (Average) 5 45 to 49

7 P (Pass) 4 40 to 44

8 F (Fail) 0 Less than 40

9 Ab. (Absent) 0 -

12.2 A student who earns a minimum of four grade points (P grade) in a course is

declared to have successfully completed the course, subject to securing an average

GPA ( average of all GPAs in all the semesters) of 5 at the of the program to

declare pass in the program.

Candidates who could not secure an average GPA of 5 at the end of the

program shall be permitted to reappear for a course(s) of their choice to

secure the same.

13.0 GRADE POINT AVERAGE

13.1 A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester/trimester will be calculated according to

the formula:

Σ [ C x G ]

GPA = ----------------

6

Σ C

Where

C = number of credits for the course,

G = grade points obtained by the student in the course.

13.2 To arrive at Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA), a similar formula is used

considering the student’s performance in all the courses taken, in all the semesters up to

the particular point of time.

13.3 CGPA required for classification of class after the successful completion of the program

is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: CGPA required for award of Class

Distinction ≥ 8.0*

First Class ≥ 7.0

Second Class ≥ 6.0

Pass ≥ 5.0

* In addition to the required CGPA of 8.0, the student must have necessarily passed all

the courses of every semester in first attempt.

14.0 ELIGIBILITY FOR AWARD OF THE M.Sc. DEGREE

14.1 Duration of the program: A student is ordinarily expected to complete M.Sc.

program in four semesters of two years. However a student may complete the

program in not more than four years including study period.

14.2 However the above regulation may be relaxed by the Vice Chancellor in individual

cases for cogent and sufficient reasons.

14.3 A student shall be eligible for award of the M.Sc Degree if he / she fulfills

all the following conditions.

a) Registered and successfully completed all the courses and projects.

b) Successfully acquired the minimum required credits as specified in

the curriculum corresponding to the branch of his/her study within the

stipulated time.

c) Has no dues to the Institute, hostels, Libraries, NCC / NSS etc, and

d) No disciplinary action is pending against him / her.

14.4 The degree shall be awarded after approval by the Academic Council

15.0 Discretionary Power:

Notwithstanding anything contained in the above sections, the Vice Chancellor may

review all exceptional cases, and give his decision, which will be final and binding.

7

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL) – Scheme of Instruction

I SEMESTER

II SEMESTER

PC- Program Core; PE – Program Elective; PP – Practical Proficiency; OE –Open Elective

CE- Continuous Evaluation; SE- Semester End

Course

Code

Subject Category Instruction

hours/week

L P

Credits Scheme of

Examination

CE SE Total

Marks

SCY701 Coordination Chemistry PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY703 Concepts of organic

Chemistry

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY705 Chemical Kinetics and

Thermodynamics

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY707 Molecular spectroscopy PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY721 Physical Chemistry Lab PP 0 9 3 100 -- 100

SCY723 Organic Chemistry Lab PP 0 9 3 100 -- 100

16 18 22 600

Course

Code

Subject Category Instruction

hours/week

L P

Credits Scheme of

Examination

CE SE Total

Marks

SCY702 Advanced Inorganic

chemistry

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY704 Reaction mechanism

and heterocyclic

compounds

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY706 Electrochemistry and

Surface chemistry

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY708 Quantum Chemistry PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SCY722 Inorganic Chemistry Lab PP 0 9 3 100 -- 100

SCY724 Computational

Chemistry Lab

PP 0 6 2 100 -- 100

Open Elective – 1 OE 3 0 3 40 60 100

19 15 24 700

8

M.Sc. Chemistry (Pharmaceutical) – Scheme of Instruction

III SEMESTER

Course

Code

Name of the Course Category Instruction

hours/week

L P

Credits Scheme of

Examination

CE SE Total

Marks

SOC801 Organic Synthesis PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPC803 Pharmaceutical

Chemistry

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPC805

Analytical methods and

Spectroscopy

PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

Generic Elective – 1 (One among

the following)

PE 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPC 841 Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs

SPC 843 Drug Design and Discovery

SPC 845 Industrial hygiene and Safety

SPC821 Organic Synthesis Lab PP 0 9 3 100 -- 100

SPC823 Analytical methods and

Spectroscopy Lab

PP 0 6 2 100 -- 100

Open Elective-2 OE 3 0 3 40 60 100

19 15 24 700

IV SEMESTER

Course

Code

Name of the Course Category Instruction

hours /

week

L P

Credits Scheme of

Examination

CE SE Total

Marks

SOC844 Medicinal Chemistry PC 4 0 4 40 60 100

Generic Elective-2 (One among the

following) PE 4 0 4 40 60 100

SPC842

Advanced

Instrumentation

Techniques

SPC844 Green Chemistry

SOC802 Chemistry of Natural

Products

SPC822 Spectroscopy and

Chromatography Lab PP 0 9 3 100 --- 100

SPC824 Instrumental methods of

Analysis Lab PP 0 6 2 100 --- 100

SPC892 Project work PP 0 0 8 -- 200 200

8 15 21 600

9

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL) - I SEMESTER

SCY 701: COORDINATION CHEMISTRY

Hours per week : 4 Semester End Examination : 60 Marks

Credits : 4 Continuous Evaluation : 40 marks

UNIT-I

Metal-ligand bonding: Crystal field theory - crystal field splitting patterns in octahedral,

tetrahedral tetragonal, square planar, square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal geometries-

Determination of crystal field splitting energy - calculation of crystal field stabilization energies -

Factors affecting crystal field splitting energies- spectrochemical series - MLCT and LMCT

transitions in coordination compounds - Jahn-Teller effect –Molecular Orbital theory - ligand

field theory.

UNIT-II

Electronic spectra: Term symbols - Russell – Saunders coupling - derivation of term symbols

for various configurations. Spectroscopic ground states, selection rules, correlation diagrams -

Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states), calculations of

Dq, B and β parameters, charge transfer spectra.

UNIT-III

Metal-Ligand Equilibria in solutions: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their

interaction,Trends in successive formation constants, factors effecting the stability of metal

complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, the chelate effect, determination

of formation constants by pH metry and spectrophotometry. The Irving-Williams series.

UNIT-IV

Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions-I: Energy profile of a reaction, reactivity of metal

complexes, inert and labile complexes, Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes- kinetics

of octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis,

conjugate base mechanism, anation reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage.

Substitution reactions in square planar complexes, the trans effect in Pt(II) complexes,

Polarisation and π-bonding theories of trans effect.

UNIT-V

Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions-II: Oxidation-reduction reactions, classification of redox

reactions, mechanism of one electron transfer reactions, Inner sphere redox reactions, outer

sphere redox reactions, mixed inner and outer sphere reactions, two equivalent-one equivalent

reactions of thallium(III)-thallium(I) and Hg(I)-Hg(II).

Text Books

1) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by F.A.Cotton and R.Wilkinson, VI Edition, Johnwilly and sons,

New York, 2007.

2) Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity by James E. Huheey, Okhil K.

Medhi Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter, 2006.

3) Inorganic Chemistry, Gary L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr, 3rd Edition 2004, Pearson-Prentice Hall.

4) Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions in solution by D.Benson, McGraw Hill, London, l968.

5) Mechanisms of Inorganic reactions: A study of metal complexes in solutions, F. Basalo& R. G.

Pearson, Wieley-Eastern Pvt Ltd., 2ndEdn.

6) Kinetics and Mechanisms of reactions of Transition metal complexes by Ralph G. Wilkins,

Wieley-VCH, Verlog GmbH & Co., 2002

10

SCY 703: CONCEPTS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY



UNIT- I

Nature of bonding in Organic Molecules: Localised and delocalised covalent bond, concept of

aromaticity annulenes and hetero annulenes, inductive and mesomeric effects. Huckel’s rule for

aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, anti-aromaticity and homo-

aromaticity. Introduction to types of organic reactions and reactive intermediates.

UNIT- II

Stereochemistry and Stereoisomerism: Conformational isomerism and analysis in acyclic and

simple cyclic systems - substituted ethanes, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclo

octane and decalins. Optical isomerism - optical activity -molecular dissymmetry and chirality

(Chiral centre, chiral axis, chiral plane), elements of symmetry. Fisher's projection D,L. and R,S.

configurations - relative and absolute configurations, optical isomerism due to asymmetric

carbon atoms, optical isomerism in biphenyls, allenes and spirans. Optical isomerism of

nitrogenous compounds, racemisation and resolution - geometrical isomerism and E,Z

configurations, properties of geometrical isomers. Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral

structures, R-S-nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acylic and cyclic systems inter conversions

of Fisher, Newman and Saw-horse projections.

UNIT- III

Addition Mechanisms: Addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Addition reactions involving

electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, cyclic mechanisms, orientation and

stereochemistry.

UNIT- IV

Rearrangements: Classification and general mechanistic treatment of nucleophilic, free radical

and electrophilic rearrangements, Wagner–Meerwein, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement,

Neber, Hofmann, Stevens ,Wittig and Fries rearrangements.

UNIT- V

Natural Products: Isolation, structure elucidation and synthesis of alkaloids: atropine, nicotine,

papaverine, purines: caffeine. flavonoids: quercetin: genestein. terpenoids: citral ,α- terpeneol,

camphor.

Textbooks:

1. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I (Sixth Edn), and Vol. II (Fifth Ed.), by I.L.Finar, ELBS, 2002

2. Organic Chemistry (Fifth Edn.)by Morrison and Boyd, PHI, India, 2011

3. Organic Chemistry by Mukhergee, Singh and Kapoor, Vols, I and II, Wiley Eastern., 2010

4. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Mukherjee and Singh, Macmillan India., 2012

5. A guide book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes, ELBNS., 1986

6. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Jagdamba Singh and L D S Yadav,Pragati Edition., 2010

7. Organic reactions, Stereochemistry, and Mechanism, P.S. Kalasi, New Age International,2007

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Jerry March (3rd Edn.) Wiley Eastern, 2006

2. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds by E.Eliel. McGraw Hill., 2008

11

SCY 705: CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS



Chemical Kinetics

UNIT –I

Theories of reaction rates- Collision theory, Steric factor; Theory of absolute reaction rates-

Reaction coordinate, transition state, thermodynamic formulation of reaction rates; Unimolecular

reactions- Lindemann’s theory and RRKM theory; Reactions in solution- primary and secondary

salt effects, effect of solvent on reaction rate; effect of substituent’s on reaction rate - Hammett

and Taft equations with examples - Linear Free Energy relations

UNIT –II

Catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis- acid-base catalysis- mechanism of acid-base catalysis -

Enzyme catalysis- Michaelis-Menten kinetics - Heterogeneous catalysis- Langmuir adsorption

isotherm- unimolecular and bimolecular reactions-catalytic poisoning-active centers, surface

area-determination of surface area with BET equation.

UNIT –III

Complex reactions: Opposing, parallel and consecutive reactions (all first order type)-

derivation of rate-law, Chain reactions- derivation of rate-laws for H2-Cl2 and H2-Br2 reactions;

Fast reactions-study of fast reactions by flow methods and relaxation methods

Thermodynamics

UNIT –IV

Second law of thermodynamics- concept of entropy-entropy change in reversible process and

irreversible process-entropy of mixing; Fugacity: concept-Determination- Variation of fugacity

with pressure; concept of partial molar properties- chemical potential-significance-variation with

preassure and temperature- Gibbs-Duhem equation; Van’t Hoff reaction isotherm, Claussius-

Claperyon equation

UNIT –V

Third law of thermodynamics- Nernst heat theorem-determination of absolute entropy-

limitations of third law of thermodynamics; Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac

statistics, Partition function-rotational, translational, vibrational and electronic partition functions

for diatomic molecules;

Text Books:

1. Chemical Kinetics, K. J. Laidler, 3rd. Ed, Pearson education (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.,

New Delhi, 2004

2. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations, J. Rajaraman and J. Kuriacose,

McMillan India, 1993

3. A text book of Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, Vol. 2,3 and 5, K.L.Kapoor,

Macmillan, India Limited, 2012

4. Physical Chemistry – P. W. Atkins, Oxford University press, VIIth edition,2002.

5. Thermodynamics A Core Course- R. C. Srivastava, S. K. Saha and A. K. Jain,

Prentice-Hall of India, II Edition, 2004.

12

SCY 707: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY



UNIT-I

Spectroscopy-Unifying Principles: Electromagnetic radiation- interaction of electromagnetic

radiation with matter- absorption, emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion and

scattering Polarization:polarization of light; plane of vibration,plane of polarization, optical

activity, factors effecting the angle of rotation,specific rotation,optical rotator dispersion and

circular dichroism, cotton effect

UNIT-II

Vibrational and rotational Spectroscopy : Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules- rigid

rotor-selection rules- calculation of bond length- isotopic effect- second order stark effect and its

applications, infrared spectra of diatomic molecules-harmonic and anharmonic oscillators-

Selection rules- overtones-combination bands-calculation of force constant-anharmonicity

constant and Zero point energy . Fermi resonance, simultaneous vibration-rotation spectra of

diatomic molecules

UNIT-III

Raman Spectroscopy: Raman effect-Classical and quantum mechanical explanations- pure

rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra- selection rules, mutual exclusion

principle.

Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules- vibrational course structure-

intensity of spectral lines- Franck-Condon principle –applications- rotational fine structure –band

head and band shading- charge transfer spectra.

UNIT-IV

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation,

shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurements, factor influencing chemical

shift, deshielding, spin-spin interaction, factor influencing coupling constant ‘J’. spin decoupling,

basic ideas about instrument, use of NMR in medical diagnostics,advantages of FT NMR,

UNIT-V

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic principles, zero field splitting- factors affecting

the ‘g’ value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants- experimental technique -

applications of ESR studies:deuterium,methyl free radical,benzene free radical,parabenzo semi

quinine,copper phthalo cyanine,chloroform,hemoglobin, glycene and alanine.

Text Books:

1. C.N. Banwell and E.M. Mc Cash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th

edition (1994), Tata

McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

2. Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, McGraw Hill, 1962

3. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Willard, Meritt, Dean & Settle(Wiley Eastern),

7th Ed., 1988

13

SCY 721: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY LAB



1) Organic laboratory techniques, synthesis of organic compounds involving 2 stages.

2) Systematic identification of about six compounds containing one or two functional

groups by chemical reactions

SCY 723: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LAB



1. Critical solution temperature of phenol -water system

2. Effect of electrolyte (NaCl) on miscibility temperature

3. Comparison of acid strengths through acid catalyzed methyl acetate hydrolysis

4. Conductometric titration of a strong acid with strong base

5. Conductometric titration of a weak acid with strong base

6. Conductometric titration of a mixture of weak and strong acid with strong base

7. Distribution coefficient of I2 between two immiscible solvents.

8. Equilibrium constant of KI + I2 ↔ KI3 by distribution method

9. Potentiometric titration of redox system (ferrous ammonium sulfate with K2Cr2O7)

10. Determination of composition of cuprammonium cation

11. Determination of strength of strong acid using pH meter.

12. Determination of strength of weak acid using pH meter.

Text Books:

1. Practical physical , B. Viswanadham and P.S. Raghavan, Viva Books pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005

2. Experiments in physical Chemistry, J. C. Ghosh, Bharati Bhavan publishers, 2nd Ed., 1968

14

M.Sc. CHEMISTRY (PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY)

II SEMESTER

SCY 702: ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY



UNIT-I

Bioinorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in Biology; Molecular mechanism of ion transport across

membranes- ionophores; Photosynthesis; Nitrogen fixation; Oxygen uptake proteins -

hemoglobin and myoglobin; Electron transfer proteins - Cytochromes and Ferrodoxins;

Inorganic medicinal compounds - superoxide dismutage mimics, vanadium based diabetic drugs

and platinum containing anticancer agents.

UNIT-II

Organometallic Chemistry: Introduction, Nomenclature, the 18-electron rule. Metal carbonyls,

structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural

elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation, bonding, structure and

important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; tertiary

phosphine as ligand; Metallocenes-ferrocene; Catalysis by organometallic compounds -

hydrogenation, hydroformylation, and polymerization.

UNIT-III

Metal Clusters: Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarboranes. Metal

compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds. Preparation, properties and structures of Re2Cl82-,

Mo2Cl84-, Re2(RCOO)4X2, Cr2Cl9

3-, W2Cl93-, Re3Cl9, Re3Cl12

3-, Mo6Cl84+, Nb6Cl12

2+.

UNIT-IV

Solid State and Structural Chemistry: Crystal structures - close packing, body centered and

primitive structures; Symmetry in crystals, Crystallographic point groups; Description of

structures - AB structures (NaCl, CsCl, ZnS), AB2 structures (Rutile, Fluorite), A2B3 structures

(β-Al2O3), ABO3 structures (perovskite) and AB2O4Spinels.

UNIT V

Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Classification – zero, one and two dimentional nanomaterials.

Synthesis and biomedical applications of gold, silver and iron oxide nanoparticles, Introduction

to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs). Synthesis, Properties and

applications of CNTs.

Text Books

1. Bioinorganic Chemistry by L. Bertini, H.B. Gray, J.S. Valentine, Uni. Science Books, 1994.

2. Bioinorganic Chemistry: A short course by Rosette M. Roat-Malone, John-Wiley Sons. Inc., 2002.

3. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity by James E. Huheey, Okhil K. Medhi

Ellen A. Keiter, Richard L. Keiter, 2006.

4. Inorganic Chemistry, Gary L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr, 3rd Edition 2004, Pearson-Prentice Hall.

5. Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by B.S. Murthy, Universities Press, 2012

6. ‘Nanochemistry: A chemical approach to Nanomaterials’, Ozin Geoffrey A. and Andre C. Arsenault,

Royal Society of Chemistry Publication, 2005.

15

SCY 704: REACTION MECHANISM AND HETEROCYCLIC

COMPOUNDS



UNIT-I

Aliphatic and Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Nucleophilic - The SN2, SN1, SNi and SET

mechanisms, neighbouring group participation, anchimeric assistance, classical and non classical

carbocations, phenonium ions, norbornyl system, allylic, aliphatic, trigonal and vinylic carbon,

factors effecting substitutions.

Electrophilic - SE1, SE2 and SEi Mechanisms and related effects.

UNIT-II

Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms and their orientation of the double

bond. Reactivity-effects of substrate structure, attacking base, leaving group and the medium.

Stereochemistry of eliminations in acyclic and cyclic systems, orientation in eliminations –

Saytzeff and Hoffman elimination, Regio and stereo selectivity reactions.

UNIT-III

Basic concepts of some organic reactions: Aldol, Stobbe, Cannizaro, Wittig, Grignard,

Reformatsky Reactions. Openauer oxidation, Clemmensen reduction , Birch reductions, Michael

addition, Mannich Reaction, Diels - Alder reaction, Ene-reaction, Bayer -Villiger Reaction,

Wolf-Kishner reduction, Favorskii reaction, Chichibabin reaction. Vilsmeier, Robinson

annulation.

UNIT-IV

Synthesis and Reactivity of the compounds with one heteroatom: Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene,

Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Indole, Benzofuran and Benzothiophene.

UNIT-V

Synthesis and Reactivity of the compounds with more than one heteroatom Pyrazole,

Imidazole, Oxazole, Isoxazole, Thiazole, Isothiazole, Pyridazine, Pyrimidine ,Pyrazine and

Purine.

Text books:

1. Organic Chemistry Vol. I (Sixth Edn.) and Vol. II (Fifth Ed.,) by IL Finar ELBS., 2002

2. Organic Chemistry (fifth Edn.,) by Morrison and Boyd, PHI, India., 2011

3. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Mukherjee Singh, Macmillan, India., 2012

4. Heterocyclic compounds by Raj K Bansal ,New age International, 1999

5. Reaction Mechanism & reagent in Organic Chemistry,G.R.Chatwal,Himalaya Publishing House,2012.

Reference Books:

1. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Jerry March (3rd Edn.) Wiley Eastern., 2006

2. Organic Chemistry (fifth edition)by Francis A. Carey Tata Mac Graw Hill publishing company

Limited, New Delhi, 2007

16

SCY 706: ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY



ELECTROCHEMISTRY

UNIT-I

Electrochemical cells: Measurement of EMF-Nernst equation-effect of complexation on

electrode potential; Polarization-Decomposition potential and overvoltage- Factors affecting

overvoltage- Importance of over-voltage; Activity and activity coefficients- determination of

mean ionic activity coefficient by EMF method; Debye-Huckel limiting law (DHLL) and its

verification, Extended Debye-Huckel law; Debye-Huckel-Onsagar equation(derivation not

required)-verification and its limitations

UNIT-II

Applications: Batteries-primary and secondary cells – lechlanche cell, lead acid storage battery,

Nickel-Cadmium cell; Fuel cells-Oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell; Corrosion- theories of dry and wet

corrosion-different forms of corrosion- prevention and control of corrosion - cathodic protection-

sacrificial anodic and impressed current methods- inhibitors-anodic and cathodic inhibitors;

protective coatings-galvanising and tinning

SURFACE CHEMISTRY

UNIT-III Adsorption

Gibbs adsorption isotherm, types of adsorption isotherms, solid-liquid interfaces, solid-gas

interface, physisorption and chemisorption, , Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. BET equation

(derivation not required) and surface area determination. Kinetics of surface reactions involving

adsorbed species, Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism

UNIT-IV Micelles

Surface active agents- classification- critical micellar concentration (CMC)- factors affecting the

CMC of surfactants- determination of cmc, Solubilisation-factors influencing the solubilisation.

Micellization-thermodynamics of micellization. Micro emulsions- comparision of

microemulsions with conventional emulsions-applications. Reverse micelles.

UNIT-V Polymer chemistry

Basic concepts- monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization, linear, branched and network

polymers, classification of polymers. Polymerization-Free radical, ionic and co-ordination

polymerization. Kinetics of condensation (step-growth), free-radical and ionic polymerizations.

Physical characterization: Number and mass average molecular weights (Mn, Mw),

Determination of molecular masses – Osmometry, viscometry and light scattering methods

Text Books:

1. Physical Chemistry – P. W. Atkins, Oxford University press, VIIth edition, 2002.

2. Electrochemistry for chemists- S. Glasstone, D. Van Nostrand , 1965

3. Physical Chemistry of macromolecules- D. D. Deshpande, Vishal Publications.

4. Micellar Catalysis (Surfactant Science series,vol.133)Mohammad Niyaz Khan.Taylor & Francis,2007

5. Micelles, Theoretical and applied aspects., V. Moroi, Plenum press, New York, 1992

6. A text book of Physical Chemistry Vol. 2,3 and 5 K.L.Kapoor, Macmillan, India Limited, 2004

17

SCY 708: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND GROUP THEORY



Quantum Chemistry

UNIT-I

Wave equation-interpretation of wave function-properties of wave function-normalization and

orthogonalisation, operators-linear and non linear commutators of operators. Postulates of

quantum mechanics, setting up of operators observables- Hermitian operator-Eigen values of

Hermitian operator Particle in one dimensional box.

UNIT-II

Particle in a three dimensional box, rigid rotor, wave mechanics of systems with variable

potential energy- simple harmonic oscillator- solution of wave equation-selection rules.

UNIT-III

Approximation methods: Perturbation theory- application to ground state energy of Helium

atom; Variation principle-applications- calculation of zero point energy of harmonic oscillator.

Many electron atom-Hartee-Fock Self consistent field method (qualitative treatment only).

UNIT-IV

Bonding in molecules: Born-Oppenheimer approximation- Hydrogen molecule ion, LCAO-MO

and VB treatments of the hydrogen molecule (fundamental concepts only); electron density,

forces and their role in chemical bonding. Hybridization and valence MOs of H2O, NH3 and CH4.

Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to Ethylene, Butadiene and Benzene.

UNIT-V

Symmetry and Group Theory in Chemistry: Symmetry elements and symmetry operations

and point groups, Schoenflles symbols, classification of molecules into point groups, Axioms of

group theory, group multiplication tables for C2v and C3v point groups, representations-reducible

and irreducible representations, Mulliken symbols, orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its

implications, Character table and its anatomy.

Text Books:

1. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th

Ed.,(1994)

2. I.N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 5th

Ed., (2000), Pearson Educ. Inc., New Delhi.

3. D.A. Mc Quarrie and J.D. Simon, Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, (1998)

Viva Books, New Delhi.

4. Symmetry and Spectroscopy of Molecules, K.Veera Reddy, New Age, 1988

18

SCY722: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB



1. Inorganic Synthesis

Preparation of following complexes

a) Tetraaminecopper(II) sulphate

b) Potassium tris(oxalato) ferrate(III) trihydrate

c) Potassium tris(oxalato) aluminate(III)

d) Tris(thiourea) copper(I) sulphate

e) Hexaaminecobalt(III) chloride

2. Determination of metal ions

a) Zinc using potassium ferrocyanide

b) Zinc using EDTA

c) Magnesium using EDTA

d) Cerium (IV) using potassium ferrocyanide

e) Iron(III) by photochemical reduction method

3. Separation of ions using Ion Exchange Chromatography

a) Zinc and Magnesium

b) Chloride and Bromide

Books:

1 Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis - VIIth Edition Revised by G. Svehla, Pearson Education

Ltd., 1996.

19

SCY724: COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LAB



CHEMDRAW:

Drawing the structure of simple aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic compounds with different

substituent. Identification of IUPAC name

Operation of one or more packages such as EXCEL, MS Word and Power point

MATLAB:

Statistical Data Processing and Curve Fitting

Mean, Standard deviation, coefficient of variation of univariate data,

Determination of First order rate constant

Adherence to Beers law

Correlation coefficient

Quadratic and cubic curve fitting

CQC Studies:

Z-matrix

Geometry optimization by PM3, HF, B3LYP

Single point energy of water

Single point energy of formaldehyde

Geometry optimization of few molecules – water, methane, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and

meta-dintrobenzene

Geometry optimization and MO energy of ethylene and butadiene

Frequency Analysis, stable compound, Transition state

Dipole moments, polarizabilites

Ionization potential, electron affinities

HOMO, LUMO, energies

ESP, Total electron density

Spectra: UV-Vis, infra red spectra

Text Books:

1. J. Foresman and A. Frisch, Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods,

Gaussian Inc., 2000.

2. Hehre W. J., Shusterman A. J. and Huang W. W., ‘A Laboratory Book of Computational

Organic Chemistry’, 1996.

3. Computer Fundamentals – Pradeep K. Sinha – BPB Publications – Fourth Edition

4. Working with Microsoft Office – by Ron Mansfield (Tata McGraw-Hill)

5. G.Grant and W. Richards, Computational Chemistry, Oxford University press.

6. Computer manuals:PC-MATLAB, the Mathworks, Inc., 1989

20

III SEMESTER


SOC 801: ORGANIC SYNTHESIS



UNIT-I

Formation of carbon-carbon single bonds: Alkylations via enolate, enamine and related

reactions, umplong (dipole inversion), carbon-carbon bond formation through organo lithium,

organo palladium Heck reaction & Suzuki coupling. Organonickel and organocopper reagents.

Thiocarbanions, selenocarbanions and sulphur ylides.

UNIT-II

Formation of carbon-carbon double bonds: Elimination reactions - pyrolytic, syn eliminations,

sulphoxide-sulphinate rearrangement, Peterson reaction, Wittig reaction, alkenes form

arylsluphonyl-hydrazones, Eschenmoser fragmentation, olefin metathesis (Grubbs reaction).

UNIT-III

Organoboranes: Preparation of Organoboranes, hydroboration, disiamyl borane, thexyl borane,

9-BBN and diisocamphenyl borane, functional group transformations of organoboranes-

oxidation, protonolysis and rearrangements. Formation, of carbon - carbon-bonds viz

organoboranes, carbonylation, the cyanoboration process and reaction of alkenyl boranes.

Organosilanes: Synthetic applications of trimethylsilyl chloride, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl chloride,

trimethylsilyl cyanide, synthetic applications of- α silyl carbanion and β-silyl carbonium ions.

UNIT-IV

Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation (homogeneous and heterogeneous), reduction by dissolving

metals, reduction by hydride transfer reagents, complex metal hydrides, reduction with hydrazine

and diamide,

Oxidation: Oxidations of hydrocarbons, alkenes, alcohols aldehydes and ketones oxidative

coupling reactions. Use of Pb (OAC)4, NBS, CrO3, SeO2, MnO2, , KMnO4, OsO4. Wood ward

and Provost hydroxylation.

UNIT – V

Retrosynthesis the disconnection approach: Introduction, terminology, principles convergent

and linear synthesis, One group C–X (X = hetero atom),

C-C disconnections and two groups C–X and C-C disconnections with reference to 1,1; 1,2; 1,3;

1,4 and 1,5 difunctionalised compounds. Reterosynthesis and synthetic strategies with examples -

salbutamol, benzocaine, paracetamol and dinocap.

Textbooks:

1. Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis W. Carruthers, Third Edition, Cambridge University,

Press, Cambridge, 1988.

2. Organic Synthesis: The disconnection approach, S. Warran, John Wiley & sons, New York, 1984

3. Principles of Organic Synthesis by R.O.C. Norman, J.M.Coxon, N. Thernes, Black Academic &

Professional, 1995

4. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Jerry March 3rd Ed., Wiley Eastern, 2010

Reference Books:

1. Organic Synthesis viz Boranes, Herbet C. Brown Gray, W. Kramer Alan B. Levy and M. Mark

Midland John Wiely & Sons, New York, 1975.

2. Organic Chemistry By Carry Sandburg. Volume1 & II Springer., 2007

21

SPC 803: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY



UNIT-I

MOLECULAR BASIS OF DRUG ACTION

A) Receptor: Drug Receptor Interaction.

a) Basic ligand concept, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist.

b) Receptor Theories - Occupancy, Rate & Activation Theories.

c) Receptor Binding Assays, Determination of B-max and Kd by transforming data

with Hill plot and Scatchered plot.

B) Drug binding to nucleic acid -- Antimalarial, anti-cancer, antiviral

UNIT-II

DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF PRODRUGS

a) Prodrug concept.

b) Prodrugs of various functional groups like carbonyl, hydroxy. amide, amines.

c) Application of Prodrug approach to:

i. Improvement of bioavailability

ii. Prevent first pass metabolism

iii. Reduction of side effects

iv. Prolong duration of action

v. Site specific delivery UNIT -III ADMET Studies in Drug Discovery and Development Physicochemical properties in relation to drug action; Introduction of ADMET; QSPR studies

Importance of metabolic property of Drug; Metabolic transformation of drugs and its role in

development of new drug molecules; Metabolic antagonism. UNIT-IV Stereochemical aspects of drug receptor interactions

(i) Stereochemical importance in mechanism of drug interaction with receptor.

(ii) Isosterism and bioisosterism as guides to structural variations

(iii) Concepts of conformational analysis and its role in design and development of new drug

molecules.

UNIT-V Chiral Technology:

Introduction to Chirality and Techniques used asymmetric synthesis of

Diltiazem, Vitamin C, Ampicillin, Dextrapropoxyphen, Propranolol.

Recommended Books

1. Burger: Medicinal Chemistry (John Wiley & Sons N.Y.)

2. Foe: Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (Varghese & Co.)

3. Ledinicer: Organic Drug synthesis (John Wiley & Sons N.Y.)

22

SPC 805: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SPECTROSCOPY



UNIT-I

Aqueous Chemistry: concepts and general applications in the analysis of pharmaceutical

substances :Neutralization Titrations: principle, titration curves and theory of acid base

Indicators.

Complexation Titrations: Types of EDTA titrations, masking and de-masking agents. metal

ion indicators. Precipitation Titrations: principle, indicators for precipitation titrations Volhard

method, Fajans method and Mohr’s method.

Redox Titrations: Principle , redox indicators, Permagnatometry, and Dichromatometry,

Iodometry & Iodimetry.

UNIT-II

Non- Aqueous Chemistry: concepts and general applications in the analysis of

pharmaceutical substances: Characteristic of Non-aqueous solvents, non-aqueous titrations-

types of reactions, indicators and applications: i). Determination of acids, ii) Determination of

bases, iii) Karl-Fischer reagent for the determination of moisture content in drugs

UNIT III

Fundamentals of chromatography: Classification of chromatographic separation, isotherms,

Chromatographic separation parameters, Chromatographuic media, methods of development in

chromatography: Displace ment, Isocratic and gradient elution, Kinetic factors affecting

chromatographic separation: Van Deemter equation, HETP and Resolution.

Planar chromatography: Thin layer chromatography: Principle, chromatographic media-

coating materials, activation of adsorbent, development of chromatographic plate and

visualization methods, applications. HPTLC - Principle and technique

Unit IV

High performance liquid chromatography: Basic principle and instrumentation: pumps,

columns and detectors. Modes of HPLC: principle and general applications in assay of

pharmaceutical substances: Capillary electrophoresis, affinity chromatography and Ion

chromatography.

Gas liquid chromatography: principle, columns , detector. Concept of programmed

temperature Gas chromatography. General application in analysis of residual solvents.

Unit V

Basic principle , instrumentation and general applications of the following: UV-Visible

spectroscopy, Spectro-fluroscence spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy and Mass spectroscopy.

23

Books:

1. Principles and practice of Analytical Chemistry-F.W.Fifield and D.Kealey,Blackwell

Science,2004

2. Separation Chemistry- R.P.Buddhiraja, New age international (P)

Ltd.,Publishers,2004

3. Quantitative Analysis, R.A.Day & A.L.Underwood, Prentice -Hall of India,1991

4. Chemical analysis - H.A. Laitinan, McGraw Hill Book Co.,1975

5. D.A. Skoog, D.M. West and F.J. Holler, Analytical Chemistry, An Introduction,

Sanders College Publishing, New York,2004

6. Analytical Chemistry Gary D Christian, John Wiley and Sons inc,2003.

7. Volumetric Analysis, Vol. III -I. M. Kolthoff and R. Welcher, Interscience Public, New

York,1969

8. Vogel's textbook of Inorganic Quantitative Analysis - J. Bassett et al. ELBS ,2005

Reference Books:

1. Chromatography concepts and contrasts – J.M.Miller, Wiley Interscience,2005

2. R.P.W. Scott, Techniques and practice of Chromatography, Marel Dekker Inc.,

New York,1969.

SPC 841: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS



UNIT- I

Characteristics of an analysis: Classification of errors, accuracy-absolute and comparative

method, propagation of errors, precision, significant figures, mean and standard deviation, the

confidence limit, Test of significance-Q-test, T-test and F-test, control charts

UNIT- II

Quality assurance and management systems: Elements of quality, quality control, quality as-

surance, Triple role concept, quality process model. Customer requirement of quality, quality

assurance in design, development, Statistical process control, statistical quality control and

acceptance sampling

UNIT-III

Quality and quality management system: Quality objectives-ISO standards concept: ISO9000,

ISO14000 and its requirements.

Good laboratory practice (GLP) – Introduction, history of GLP, Principles of good

manufacturing practice, basic issues of GLP, GLP status in India

UNIT-IV

Calibration and maintenance of Equipment: Instrument calibration – linear calibration

curves, , calibration of common laboratory instrument and equipment (Analytical balances,

volumetric glassware, ovens, furnaces, UV / Visible spectrophotometer, pH meter, conductivity

meter, IR).

24

Validation of analytical method- methodology, limit of detection, limit of quantification, range,

sensitivity, selectivity and specificity, quality control-principles of Ruggedness/Robustness.

.

UNIT-V

General idea regarding pharmaceutical industry.- Introduction, Definition and classification

of drugs, Quality of drugs, Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical chemicals and raw materials.

Impurity profiling, classification of impurities, dissolution techniques of drugs, Significance of

stability studies, types of stability studies, quantification of impurities. Basic concept of ICH

guidelines for impurity profiling and stability studies.

Textbooks:

1. Quality Assurance and Quality Management in Pharmaceutical Industry, Y.

Anjaneyulu, R.Marayya, Pharma Book syndicate, 2002.

2 Analytical Chemistry, Gary D Christian, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2003.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, An Introduction, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West F.J. Holler

and S R. Crouch, Sanders College Publishing, New York, 2004

2. K.V.S.G. Murali Krishna, An introduction ISO 9000, ISO 1400 Series, Environmental

Management

3. Analytical Method Development and Validation, Michael Swartz & Swartz Swartz, CRC

press.1997

4. Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry, Wenclawiak, M.Koch, Spinger, Germany,

2006.

SPC 843: DRUG DESIGN AND DISCOVERY



UNIT-I

Basic Principles of Drug Design

Introduction, Drug Design, conceptual, practical and humanitarian approaches; definition, and

properties of drug molecule, physiochemical properties, shape, stereochemical and electronic

properties of drug molecule

UNIT-II

Non Messenger targets for Drug action

Acetylcholine and Cholinergic receptors, Norepinephrine and Adrenergic receptors, Dopamine

and Dopaminergic receptors, Serotonin and Serotonergic receptors, Histamine and Histamine

receptors

UNIT-III

Targets for Drug Action

Drug design targeting viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Drug design for therapies and

antidotes for toxins. The clinical – molecular interface: Pneumonia, Meningitis and Encephalitis.

UNIT-IV

Enzymes in Drug design

25

Enzyme design using steroid template, Enzymes in synthetic organic chemistry, Enzyme- analog-

Built polymers, Remote fictionalization reactions, Host- Guest complexation chemistry,

Antibodies as enzymes,

UNIT-V

Pathways for drug deactivation and elimination

Oxidative reactions: aromatic hydroxylation, alkene epoxidation, oxidation of carbon nitrogen

systems, Reduction reactions: Carbonyl reductions, nitro reductions, azo reduction

Carboxylation reactions, hydrolytic reactions; Conjugation reactions: Glucuronic acid

conjugation, Sulphate conjugation, amino acid conjugation and acetyl conjugation.

Text books:

1. Bioorganic Chemistry Models and Applications. F.P.Schmidtchen. Springer

2. Medicinal Chemistry A Molecular and Biochemical approach Thomas Nogrady, Donald F. Weaver.

Oxford University Press

3. Medicinal Chemistry revised edition, Rama Rao Nadendla. Pharma Med Press.

4. Bioorganic Chmeistry A Chemical approach to Enzyme Action Third edition Hermann Dugas,

Springer.

Reference books:

1. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action second edition Richard B. Silverman.

Elsevier academic press.

2. Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry, second edition. Andrejus Korolkovas. Wiley India edition

SPC 845: INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND SAFETY



UNIT-I

Introduction to Industrial Hygiene & Historical views, Definitions and professionals involved in

industrial Hygiene work.

UNIT-II

Industrial safety aspects related to toxicity, noise, pressure, temperature, vibrations, radiations,

etc. Explosions due to different forms of materials such as dust, vapour cloud, mist etc.

UNIT-III

Safety and Hygiene aspects related to

i. Transport, handling & storage of inflammable liquids & gases & toxic materials

ii. Process equipment including piping (fire, static electricity, pressure, temperature etc.) safety

aspects at process development & design stage. Reliability engineering. Hazard mitigation

systems, Emergency planning. Case studies.

UNIT-IV

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) for chemicals, Industrial

toxicology and the basics, Classification of toxic agents.

26

UNIT-V

Hazard identification, assessment & safety audit, HAZOP, HAZAN & consequence analysis.

Text Books:

1. Heinrich H.W. “Industrial Accident Prevention” McGraw-Hill Company, New York, 1980.

2. Krishnan N.V. “Safety Management in Industry” Jaico Publishing House, Bombay,1997.

3. Lees, F.P., “Loss Prevention in Process Industries” Butterworth publications, London, 2nd

edition, 1990.

4. John Ridley, “Safety at Work”, Butterworth and Co., London, 1983.

5. Lees, F.P. “Loss Prevention in Process Industries” Butterworths and Company, 1996.

References:

1. “Quantitative Risk Assessment in Chemical Process Industries” American Institute of

Chemical Industries, Centre for Chemical Process safety.

2. 2. Fawcett, H.h. and Wood, “Safety and Accident Prevention in Chemical Operations”

Wiley inters, Second Edition.

3. “Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations” NSC, Chicago, 1982.

4. GREEN, A.E., “High Risk Safety Technology”, John Wiley and Sons,. 1984.

5. Petroleum Act and Rules, Government of India.

6. Carbide of Calcium Rules, Government of India.

SPC 821: ORGANIC SYNTHESIS LAB



Multistage organic synthesis: Synthesis and purification of about six organic compounds

involving three or more stages.

SPC823: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SPECTROSCOPY LAB



1. Limit tests :

a) Insoluble Matter by quantitative analysis

b) Chlorides, Sulphate, Nitrate and Oxalate

c) nonmetallic impurities: Boron ans Selenium

2. Aqueous Acid Base Titrations

a)Determination of sodium salicylate

b)Determination of Zinc oxide

27

c) Determination of Benzoic acid and Lactic acid

3) Non Aqueous Acid Base Titrations : Titration of Primary amines with perchloric acid

4. Redox Titrations:

a)Titration of sodium nitrite by permagnatometry

b) Titration of ferrous fumarate with ceric ammonium sulphate

c) Idodimetric titration of Analgin

d) Iodometric titration of ferric ammonium citrate

e) Titration of sodium salicylate with potassium bromated

5. Precipitation titration: Titration of amide by argentometry

6. Complexometric Titration: Titration of alum

7. Spectrophotometry:

b)Determination of Nitrite

c)Determination of Phosphate

Demo:

Determination of moisture content in pharmaceutical samples by Karl Fisher method

Determination of Riboflavin by Spectrofluorimetry

Infrared spectroscopy for quantitative analysis

IV SEMESTER


SOC 844: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY



UNIT-I

Drug discovery and design: Lead discovery and lead modification, structure modification to

increase bioavailability, lipophilicity, relationship between chemical structure and biological

activity (SAR), QSAR- basic Concepts. Basic reactions of drug molecule synthesis.

UNIT-II

Drug structure and biological activity: Pharmaceutically important functional groups-

alcohols, carboxylic acid, amines, sulfonamides and carbonyl compounds.

Chemistry of drug metabolism- absorption distribution, drug metabolism and excretion site

specificity, stability, prolong release, minimum toxicity, patient acceptance.

UNIT-III

Vitamines : Structure, physiological role and uses of Vitamins A ,Vitamin D

Thiamine (B1) and Pyridoxine (B6).

Chemistry of selected drugs- Synthesis and basic concept of action for the following drugs

28

UNIT-IV

(i) Anticancer: 5-Fluorouracil, Vincristine

(ii) Antimalarials :Chloroquine , Chloroguanide

(iii) Anti-inflammatory: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac Sodium

(iv)Sedatives: Phenobarbital, Lidocaina.

UNIT-V

(i) Antiulcers and antacids: Omeprazole, Ranitidine

(ii) Antiviral: Acyclovir

(iii) Antihistaminic: Terfenadine, Cinnarizine

(iv) Antiasthmatic agents : Salbutamol and Beclomethasone Dipropionate

Books Recommended

1. A. Burger, Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I-III, Wiley Interscience Publications, New York (1995).

2. W. O. Foye, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 3rd Edition (1989), Lea & Febiger/

Varghese Publishing House, Bombay.

3. A. Kar, Medicinal Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (1993).

4. 4. Richard B. Silverman; The Organic Chemistry of Drug design and Drug action,II Ed.;

Elsevier Acadmic Press, 2004

5. Rama Rao Nadendla;Medicinal Chemistry;PharmaMed Press, 2013

6. Glenn L.Jenkins,Walter H.Hartung,Kenneth E.Hamlin Jr.,John B.Data;The Chemistry of

Organic Medicinal Products;IV Ed.; PharmaMed Press, 2010 Reference book

1. Andrejus Korolkovas ; Essentials of Medicinal Chemistry,II Ed. ,Wiely India, 2008

2. Thomas Nogrady,Donald F.Weaver; Medicinal Chemistry: A molecular and Biochemical

approach; III Ed.:Oxford University Press , 2007

SPC 842: ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES



UNIT I

Flame photometry: Theory and instrumentation. Analyses of Na, K, Ca, and Mg.

Atomic Absorption Spectrometer: Theory, instrumentation, chemical and spectral

interferences, Applications

Induced couple plasma spectroscopy: Theory, Instrumentation and applications of ICP-OES

UNIT II - X-ray Spectroscopy: X-ray spectrometers, energy dispersive and wavelength

dispersive techniques, instrumentation, matrix effects and applications.

UNIT-III-Voltametry: Principle of polarography residual current, migration current, diffusion

current, half-wave potential, Ilkovic equation. Instrumentation: Dropping mercury electrode

(DME), advantages and disadvantages of DME, qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic

ions - Cu, Pb Cd and Zn. Anode Stripping Voltametry: Principle and instrumentation. Hanging

drop mercury electrode, application in the analysis of some selected metals

29

UNIT IV- Thermal methods of analysis: Thermo gravimetry- theory, instrumentation,

applications with special reference to CuSO4. 5H2O, CaC2O4.H2O and CaCO3. Basic idea of

differential thermal analysis: principle and instrumentation. Difference between TGA and DTA.

Differential scanning calorimetry: principle and instrumentation.

UNIT V

Capillary Electrophoresis: Principle, Factors Affecting Ionic Migration. Effect of Temperature. pH

and Ionic Strength. Electro- osmosis supporting medium. Instrumentation, Modes : polyacrylamide

gel electrophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis, capillary

gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusing and applications of capillary electrophoresis.

Elementary Idea of Hyphenated Techniques: Theory, interfaces in hyphenation of the

technique and applications of the following:

LC –MS, GC –MS, CE-MS

Textbooks:

1. Instrumental methods of analysis - H.H. Willard, Meritt Jr. and J.A. Dean,CBS Publishers

and distributors, 6th edition, 1986.

2. Principles of instrumental analysis – Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler and R. Crouch,

Cengage Learning, 6th edition, 2006. 3. Vogel’s textbook of Quantitative Inorganic analysis - J. Basset, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J.

Mendham, Prentice Hall, 6th edition, 2000

4. Industrial methods of analysis - B.K.Sarma, Goel Publishing House, Meerut, 1997

5. Instrumental methods of Analysis – G.R. Chatwal and S. Anand, Himalaya publishing

House, 13th reprint, 1999. 6. Analytical Chemistry – S.Usha Rani, Macmillan India Limited, 2001

Reference Books:

1. Instrumental methods of Analysis – Galen S. Ewing, Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 5th edition, 1985

2. Handbook of Instrumental techniques for Analytical Chemistry, Frank Settle, Prentice Hall, 1997.

IV SEMESTER


SCY 842: GREEN CHEMISTRY



UNIT- I:

Introduction to Green Chemistry

Green chemistry - Introduction - need for green chemistry - goals of green chemistry -

Anastas' twelve principles of green chemistry - Designing a green synthesis (tools) - choice

of starting materials, solvents, catalysts, reagents, processes with suitable examples.

UNIT -II

Ionic liquids - synthesis, physical properties of ionic liquids - applications in alkylation,

epoxidation, Friedal-Crafts reaction - Diels-Alder reactions – Knoevengal condensations and

Wittig reactions.

Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) - Definition - advantages, types of PTC reactions - synthesis

of PTC, applications of PTC in organic synthesis - Michael reaction - alkylation of aldehydes

and ketones. Wittig, generation of dihalocarbene, elimination reaction

30

UNIT -III

Supercritical CO2 - phase diagram - uses in extracting natural products, dry cleaning,

bromination, Kolbe-Schmidt synthesis - Friedel-crafts reaction. Dimethyl carbonate as a

methylating agent in green synthesis

UNIT -IV

Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Reactions

Microwave activation - advantages of microwave exposure - Microwave assisted reactions,

condensation reactions - oxidation, reduction reactions, multicomponent reactions.

Sonochemistry - use of ultrasound in organic synthesis (alternate source of energy) -

saponification - substitution, addition, oxidation reactions, reductions.

UNIT-V

Green Analytical Techniques

Micelle mediated extraction- Cloud point extraction and adsorptive miceller flocculation

methods. Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME)

Text books:

1. Paul T. Anastas and John C. Warner, “Green Chemistry”, Oxford University Press,Indian Edition, 2008.

2. V. K. Ahluwalia and M. Kidwai, “New Trends in Chemistry”, Anamaya Publishers, 2nd Ed., 2007.

3. V. Kumar, “An Introduction to Green Chemistry”, Vishal Publishers, 1st Edition, 2007.

4. V. K. Ahluwalia and R. S. Varma, “Green Solvents”, Narosa Publishing, 1st Edition, 2009.

5. V.K.Ahluwalia and Renu Aggarwal, “Organic Synthetic Special Techniques”, Narosa,

2nd Ed.2009.

6. V. K. Ahluwalia, “Green Chemistry - Environmentally Benign Reactions”, Ane books, India, 2006.

SOC802: CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS



Study of isolation, structural elucidation, stereochemistry, synthesis, biosynthesis of the

following biological active classes of natural products.

UNIT-I

Microbial metabolites and shikimates : Pencillin G, Cephalosphorin-C, Prostaglandin 15 (R)

PGA2 Podophylotoxin and Etoposide.

UNIT-II

Terpenoids: Forskolin, Taxol, Azadirachtin, and Santonin

UNIT - III

Steroids: Cholesterol, Progesterone, Testosterone and Esterone

UNIT -IV

Alkaloids: Morphine, Reserpine, Camptothecin and Strychnine

31

UNIT -V

Nucleic acids: Basic concepts of the structures of RNA and DNA and their hydrolysis products:

nucleotides, nucleosides and heterocyclic bases.

Text Books:

1. Organic Chemistry, Volume 2, Stereochemistry and chemistry of Natural products, I.L.

Finar, 5th Edition, ELBS, 2002

2. Chemical Aspects of Biosynthesis, John Mann, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996

3. Chemistry of Natural Products: A Unified Approach, N.R. Krishnaswamy, University Press (India)

Ltd., Orient Longman Limited, Hyderabad, 1999.

4. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, A Streitweiser, CH Heathcock and E.M/ Kosover IV Eeition,

Mc.Milan, 1992.

SPC822: SPECTROSCOPY AND CHROMATOGRPY LAB



Separation and purification of organic compounds by making use of Thin layer

Chromatography and Column Chromatography.

Identification of functional groups by using IR and UV spectrophotometer

Interpretation of given NMR spectra and identification of organic Compounds

SPC824: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS LAB

Hours per week: 6 Semester End Examination: 60 Marks

Credits: 2 Continuous Evaluation: 40 marks

1.pH metry:

a) Determination of Boric Acid

2.Conductometry:

a)Determination of Aspirin

b) Determination of Ascorbic acid

3.Potentiometry: Determination of mixture of Chloride, Bromide and Iodide with silver nitrate

4.Nephelometry : Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphate by Nephelo-turbidimetric method

5. Flame photometry : Determination of Sodium and Potassium in calcium acetate

6. Spectrophotometry:

a)Determination of Phenol

b)Determination of Fe 2+

c) Determination of aspirin

d)Determination of Nickel(II)

e)Determination of Chromium(VI)

32

7. Polarimetry : Determination of optical rotation of pharmaceutical substances

8. Refractometry

a)Determination of Refractive index of pharmaceutical substances

b) Determination of CMC with Refractometry

Demo:

1) Assay of pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms by Isocratic HPLC method

2) Determination of caffine by stripping voltametry

SPC 892: PROJECT WORK (Credits: 8)

Students are required to carry out a project in the fourth semester of their study, under the

supervision of a faculty member of the department. The results are to be submitted in the form of

a dissertation. Project work shall be evaluated by two examiners at the semester end examination

Note:

Open electives: A student may choose open electives from the list of courses offered by any

institute of GITAM University

accredited by naac with ‘a’ grade · 2019-01-09 · visakhapatnam hyderabad ... special...

Documents