acetic and benedict's
TRANSCRIPT
Urine Collection
NCM 101
Urine Collection Urine specimen by midstream catch is
a method of obtaining a urine sample to be sent for various test including routine urinalysis and urine culture. Or other tests that require uncontaminated urine for accurate results.
Purpose Urine specimen by midstream catch is
used to determine bacteremia, in addition to protein, glucose and ketones in pregnant women.
Planning1. Explain the urine collection procedure
to the patients2. Provide a specimen container and
instructions on how to cleanse the genitalia and collect the urine.
ImplementationSTEPS
1.Provide equipment for cleaning genitalia before patients urinates.
2. Instruct patient to keep labia majora separated while urinating
RATIONALE
1. Preparation enhances efficiency and decreases possibility of contamination.
2. Done to avoid any fecal matter to flow w/ the urine.
Implementation3. For midstream
urine, instruct women to void little urine in the toilet then catch 30-50cc of midstream urine directly to the sterile bottle.
3. The 1st flow of urine washes microorganisms & debris from the urinary tract. Midstream catch ensure a sterile specimen.
Implementation4. Clean the outside
of the container and cover.
5. Label the specimen properly
6. Perform the test promptly
4. Capping of the container prevents inadvertent spilling and possible contamination of the specimen.
5. This eliminates the error on the client.
6. To avoid alteration of the results
Implementation7. Clean all the
equipment
8. Record time & type of examination
7. This is a standard precaution. It decreases transmission of microrganisms.
8. Documentation serves as legal record & for the continuuity of care
HEAT + ACETIC ACID TEST
NCM 101
DEFINITION:
It is a test for presence of albumin in urine. TOXEMIA is a disorder during 3rd trimester characterized by increase in blood pressure and presence of edema
It is a test used to detect presence of protein in urine.
PURPOSE: To detect presence of prtein in the
urine To help evaluate and monitor
kidney function To help detect and diagnose early
kidney damage and disease
IMPLEMENTATIONSTEPS
Fill the test tube 2/3 of clear urine
Heat the upper third of the test tube. Lower portion is not heated to serve as control
RATIONALE A fresh concentrated
voided urine specimen should be used.
Done to avoid precipitate. Too much heating of lower test tube may results to explosion
ImplementationSTEPS
If clouds forms, add few drops of 5% acetic acid. Heat again and allow cooling. Read after 5 minutes
RATIONALE Cloudy urine is often
due to phosphate precipitation in alkaline urine. The phosphate and Carbonates are redissolved when acetic acid is added and provided optimum Ph.
PRINCIPLE: protein coagulates when heated.
INTERPRETATIONS: If CLOUDINESS persist after 5 min, it
is due to the presence of albumin. If CLOUDINESS disappear, it is due
to the presence of PHOSPHATE.
PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION (PIH)
originally called TOXEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS:
Vascular spasm
Hypertension edema proteinuria
Nursing Consideration Follow strict standard precaution in
obtaining specimen Collect specimen from the site with the
most viable and active microorganism Collect specimens in sterile containers
to avoid contamination
BENEDICT’S TEST It is a test for presence of sugar in
urine. It is done in pregnant mothers to determine diabetes.
Is a reagent used as a test for the presence of reducing sugar such as glucose, lactose and fructose, but not sucrose in a solution.
Gestational Diabetes
24th to 28th week to all gravidas women who do not begin pregnancy
with diabetes become diabetic during pregnancy (approximately 2-3%)
RISK FACTOR– Obesity– Family history of diabetes– Family History of Gestational Diabetes– Hypertension, Pregnancy Induced
Hypertension– Recurrent UTI’s, monilial vaginitis– Polyhydramnios– Proteinuria, Glycosuria
3 HOUR GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTNORMAL FINDINGS:
FBS - 80-100 mg/dl 1 hr< 190mg/dl 2 hrs<165mg/dl 3 hrs<145mg/dl
GLUCOSE SCREENING TEST
FINDINGS:– If FBS is more than 90mg/dl and at
1 hr post glucose loading is more than 140mg/dl, DIABETIC.
EFFECTS OF DIABETES IN PREGNANCY
increase risk of maternal infections pregnancy induced hypertension hydramnios (.2,000ml amniotic fluid) preterm labor macrosomia (large for gestational age
but may have immature organ systems)
Severe Cases congenital anomalies prematurity respiratory distress syndrome untreated ketoacidosis coma and death (mother and fetus)
Purpose of Benedect’s Test
It can be used to test the presence of glucose in urine; glucose found to be present in urine is an indication of diabetes
ImplementationSTEPS
1. Place 5 cc of Benedict’s solution in a clear test tube. Heat, if color changes, discard.
RATIONALE1. If its color changes the solution is
contaminated
Cont..2. Add 8-10 drops of
urine and mix thoroughly
3. Boil for several minutes (2 mins)
2. The sugars that may occur in the urine can be distinguised as the basis of the test.
3. This is done to ensure adequate results
Interpretations Blue (-) = no
sugar present
Green (+)= slight trace
Sensitivity of the test is approximately 50-80 mg of glucose/100 ml.
It is usually = to less than 50mg/100ml of reducing sugar.
Interpretation Yellow (++)= trace
Orange (+++)= moderate amount
RED (+++)= large amount
Equivalent to 115-550mg/100ml of reducing sugar.
Equivalent to 1400- 2000mg/100ml of reducing sugar
More than 2000-/ 1000ml of reducing sugar.
The End
Thank You,Have a good
Day!