acid and base notes
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Acids and BasesI can compare/contrast the properties of acids, bases, and neutralsolutions.
I can identify a substance as acidic, basic, or neutral given its pH.I can use indicators to determine whether a substance is acidic, basic, orneutral.
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Acids
any compound that increases the number of
hydronium ions - H3O+, when dissolved in
water hydronium ions form when a hydrogen ion separates
from the acid and bonds with a water molecule
properties of acids sour taste changes color of substances corrosive most are poisonous
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Indicators of Acids
indicator - a substance that changes colorin the presence of an acid or base bromthymol blue - pale blue in water, turns yellow
with acid litmus - paper strips that changes color when
touching acid or base
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More Acid Info...
Acids react with metals and give offhydrogen gas 2 HCl + Zn --> H
2+ ZnCl
2
Acids conduct electricity acids dissolve in water and form ions - batteries
Common Acids sulfuric acid - most widely used acid in industry
nitric acid - fertilizer, rubber, plastic hydrochloric acid - refine metals, clean algae from
pools, stomach Citric, Ascorbic (vitamin C), Carbonic
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Bases
Any compound that increases the number of
hydroxide ions - OH-, when dissolved inwater NaOH --> Na+ + OH-
hydroxide ions give bases their properties
properties bitter taste
slippery feel many are corrosive
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Examples of Bases
soap - sodium hydroxide bleach, detergents baking soda - toothpaste, mouthwash
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Indicators of Bases
indicator - a substance that changes colorin the presence of an acid or base bromthymol blue - pale blue in water, turns darker
blue in base litmus paper change colors
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More Base info...
bases conduct electricty OH- is a negative ion and helps with electrical
current
uses of bases sodium hydroxide - soaps, paper, oven cleaners,
drains calcium hydroxide - cement, plaster ammonia - cleaners, fertilizers aluminum hydroxide - antacids
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Strong Acids, Weak Acids
an acid's strength is determined by howmany hydrogen ions are created when itreacts with water strong acids - all of the molecules of the acid break
down and form many ions sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric
weak acids - few molecules of the acid break down
and form ions acetic, citric, carbonic
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Strong Bases, Weak Bases
base's strength determined by how many
OH- (hydroxide) ions are created with water strong base - all the molecules of base form ions
sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide weak base - few molecules form ions
ammonium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide
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Neutralization Reactions
acids and bases can react to neutralizethemselves hydrogen ions from acids react with hydroxide ions
from bases to form water, which is neutral H+ + OH- --> H
2O
other ions from the acids and bases can combine tomake salts
Antacids - eating an antacid (a base) willreact and neutralize stomach acid
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pH Scale
litmus paper uses the pH scale as anindicator of acids and bases describes how acidic or basic a solution is
pH - measure of the hydronium ionconcentration in a solution scale measures from 0-14 ph of 7 is neutral - pure water
bases have pH higher than 7 acids have pH less than 7 p. 375 has a good pH scale
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pH Scale