Acids&

Bases

☺Acids make up an important group of compounds that contain the element HYDROGEN.

What are some identifiers of an Acid?

• Sour or tart taste• Burns your skin• Irritates the eyes• Burns a hole through metal

♣ Many acids are not strong enough to burn your skin or corrode metal.

Acid• A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Acid• Most acid formulas will start with the letter H.

* Boric Acid = H3BO3

* Nitric Acid = HNO3

* Sulfuric Acid = H2SO4

* Hydrochloric Acid = HCℓ

Properties of Acids1.) Acids taste sour.

NEVER use taste as the test for the presence of an acid

Properties of Acids2.) Acids are electrolytes.

they will conduct electricity

Properties of Acids3.) Acids are corrosive.

eat away at (dissolve) metals

Properties of Acids4.) Acids react with compounds called indicators.

they will produce COLOR changes

IndicatorAn organic compound that changes color in an acid or base.

* Litmus paper turns RED in the

presence of an ACID turns BLUE in the

presence of a BASE

4 most important Industrial Acids

1.) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

2.) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

3.) Nitric Acid (HNO3)

4.) Hydrochloric Acid (HCℓ)

Sulfuric Acid* Most widely used chemical in the world

* referred to as “Battery Acid”

* Used in:

batteries

fertilizers

dehydrating agent

Phosphoric Acid* Important to industry worldwide

* Used in:

soft drinks

fertilizers

detergents

Nitric Acid* Best known for its use in making

explosives* Can cause serious burns if it makes contact or the vapor is inhaled* Used in:

manufacturing of fertilizers

Hydrochloric Acid* Forms when hydrogen

chloride gas is dissolved in water* Can harm human tissue* Used in: industrial metal cleaner

All from One!Phosphoric, Nitric and Hydrochloric acids can be produced by using sulfuric acid.

* react sulfuric acid with a compound containing the negative ion of the desired acid

Phosphoric = Sulfuric + Calcium Phosphate

Nitric = Sulfuric + Sodium Nitrate

Hydrochloric = Sulfuric + Sodium Chloride

Base• A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

Base• Most base formulas will end with the letters OH

* Aℓ(OH)3 = Aluminum Hydroxide

* NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide* Mg(OH)2 = Magnesium

Hydroxide

Properties of Bases

1.) Bases are a crystalline solid in its undissolved state.

Properties of Bases

2.) In solution, Bases are bitter tasting and feel slippery.

* NEVER use taste or touch to test for the presence of a base.

Properties of Bases

3.) Bases, like acids, are corrosive.

* may cause burns and tissue damage

Properties of Bases

4.) Bases are electrolytes.

* they will conduct electricity

Properties of Bases

5.) Bases will react with indicators.

* they produce COLOR changes

4 Most common Bases

1.) Soaps

2.) Ammonia

3.) Calcium Hydroxide (caustic lime)

4.) Sodium Hydroxide (lye)

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

Is produced when a compound is ionized in water

* this causes it to be an acid

If a solution contains more OH- ions than H3O+ ions, it is referred to as a basic solution.

Water, is it an ACID or BASE?

Formula = H2O or HOH* water will corrode (rust) a metal

* water can dilute a base or an acid