acit - ccna training course topic - switch stp acit
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Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) uses Spanning Tree Algorithm to avoid
the Switching loops in layer-2 devices (bridges or switches).
STP works when multiple switches are used with redundant links avoiding
Broadcast Storms, Multiple Frame Copies & Database instability.
First Developed By DEC
STP is a open standard (IEEE 802.1D)
Spanning Tree Protocol
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Switch D
Spanning Tree Protocol
Root :B
Root :A
Root :C
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003
FA0/23
Switch C
Switch A
FA0/24
FA0/24
FA0/23 FA0/24
FA0/23
I'm the RootI'm the Root
I'm the Root
Switch B
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Spanning Tree Protocol
Root :B
Root :A
Root :C
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003
Switch B
Switch C
Switch A
I'm the Root Because MY ID is Lesser I'm the Not Root Because B ID is Lesser
B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002
Root :B
FA0/23FA0/24
FA0/24
FA0/23 FA0/24
FA0/23
Naveen Patel
Switch D
Spanning Tree Protocol
Root :B
Root :A
Root :B
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003
Switch B
Switch C
Switch A
A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Root :ARoot :A
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
FA0/23FA0/24
FA0/24
FA0/23 FA0/24
B is not Root Because A ID
is Lesser
I'm the Not Root Because A ID Is Lesser
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Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003
Switch BSwitch C
Switch A
Root :A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Root :ARoot :A
Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spee
d 10
0 M
bps S
peed
100 Mbps
Speed 100 Mbps
Root Port
D P
ort D P
ort
Non D. Port
X
FA0/23FA0/24
FA0/24
FA0/23 FA0/24
FA0/23
Root Port D Port
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BPDU
All switches exchange information through what is called as Bridge
Protocol Data Units (BPDUs)
BPDUs contain a lot of information to help the switches determine the
topology and any loops that result from that topology.
BPDUs are sent every 2 sec
Bridge ID
Each switch has a unique identifier called a Bridge ID or Switch ID
Bridge ID = Priority + MAC address of the switch
When a switch advertises a BPDU , they place their switch id in these
BPDUs.
STP Terminology
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Root Bridge
The bridge with the Best (Lowest) ID.
Out of all the switches in the network , one is elected as a root
bridge that becomes the focal point in the network.
Non-Root bridge
All Switches other than the Root Bridge are Non-Root Bridges
STP Terminology
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Designated port
Either a port On a root bridge or a port that has been
determined as having the best (lower) cost.
A designated port will always in Forward Mode
Root port
The link directly connected to the root bridge, or the
shortest path to the root bridge.
Priority and Alternatives if Conflict occurred.
Root port with the least cost (Speed) connecting to the root bridge.
The bridge with the Best (Lowest) Switch ID.
Lowest Physical Port Number.
Only One root port will Be in Bridge or switch.
Non Designated port
All the Port or ports which are blocked by STP to avoid switching loop.
A Non Designated port Will Always in Blocked Mode.
STP Terminology
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Disable - No Limits.
Blocking - 20 Sec Or No Limits.
Listening - 15 Sec.
Learning - 15 Sec.
Forwarding - No Limits.
Switch - Port States
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VTP is a CISCO proprietary protocol
used to share the VLAN configurations with multiple switches.
Information will be passed only if switches connected with
FastEthernet or higher ports.
Note: Switches Should be configure with same Domain Name.
Domain Names are not Case sensitive.
Virtual LAN Trunking Protocol
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VTP Mode are of three types :
• Server Mode
– A Switch configured in Server mode can Add , Modify
and Delete VLAN’s
– A Default VTP mode for all switches
• Client Mode
– A switch configured in Client mode cannot Add , Modify and
Delete its VLAN configurations
– Doesn’t store its VLAN configuration information in the
NVRAM. Instead , learns it from the server every time it
boots up
• Transparent Mode
– A switch configured in a Transparent Mode can Add ,
Modify and Delete VLAN configurations. Changes in one
transparent switch will not affect any other switch.
VTP Modes
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VTP Messages
Advertisement Request
Subset Advertisement
Summary Advertisement
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VLAN Trunking Protocol Configuration
MarketingVlan no. 6
SalesVlan no. 5
192.168.20.1 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.3
MarketingVlan no. 6
SalesVlan no. 5
192.168.20.4 192.168.20.5 192.168.20.6 Fa0/24
Fa0/24
VTP Server
VTP Client
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CDP
Cisco Property Protocol.
CDP is enable by default in All Cisco Networking Devices.
CDP Advertisement are send through all the ports by default.
CDP Advertisement are send every 60 second.
Advertisement are send via multicast.
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Once the Layer 1 is Active CDP Sends the information to its neighbor.
It can be used for Layer 1, layer 2, layer 3 troubleshooting.
Information
Logical Address (if define).
Hostname (given by hostname command).
Hardware Platform.
IOS Version.
Interface Type and Interface Number of local and remote device
connected.
Advantages Of CDP
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CDP Can be used only between Cisco Devices.
Information about only directly connected neighbors can be known.
Can be used to troubleshoot only between two Cisco devices not any other like
Pc To switch.
Disadvantages Of CDP
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CDP
E0 E0 E0 E0 E0 E0
E0
E0
HYD CHEBombay Agra Simla DEL
Surat
CHE
SRI
S24 S50
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Naveen Patel
switch65# Config terminalswitch65(config)# vtp domain zoom
switch65(config)#switch65(config)#
vtp mode servervtp password cisco
switch65(config)# ^zswitch65# show vtp status
switch65(config)# vtp pruning
VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 0Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ServerVTP Domain Name : zoomVTP Pruning Mode : EnabledVTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
VTP Configuration – 2950 SeriesSwitch(config)# VTP Domain <Name>Switch(config)# VTP Password <password>Switch(config)# VTP Mode <server/client/transparent>Switch(config)# VTP pruning
VTP Configuration – 2900 SeriesSwitch#VLAN DatabaseSwitch(VLAN)# VTP Domain <Name>Switch(VLAN)# VTP Password <password>Switch(VLAN)# VTP Mode <server/client/transparent>Switch(VLAN)# VTP pruning
VTP Configuration – 2950 SeriesSwitch(config)# VTP Domain <Name>Switch(config)# VTP Password <password>Switch(config)# VTP Mode <server/client/transparent>Switch(config)# VTP pruning
VTP Configuration – 2900 SeriesSwitch#VLAN DatabaseSwitch(VLAN)# VTP Domain <Name>Switch(VLAN)# VTP Password <password>Switch(VLAN)# VTP Mode <server/client/transparent>Switch(VLAN)# VTP pruning
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Vtp clientswitch75# Config terminalswitch75(config)# vtp domain zoom
switch75(config)#switch75(config)#
vtp mode Clientvtp password cisco
switch75(config)# ^zswitch75# show vtp status
switch75(config)# vtp pruning
VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 0Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ClientVTP Domain Name : zoomVTP Pruning Mode : EnabledVTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)
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Cdp
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r – Repeater
Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDHYD Fas 0/4 140 R 2500 Eth 0S50 Fas 0/24 126 S I WS-C2950T- Fas 0/24Agra Fas 0/8 130 R 2500 Eth 0Simla Fas 0/10 160 R 2500 Eth 0Bombay Fas 0/5 158 R 2500 Eth 0Surat Fas 0/6 124 R 2500 Eth 0CHE Fas 0/7 140 R 2520 Eth 0Sri Fas 0/18 120 R 2611 Eth 0/0Del Fas 0/9 150 R 2500 Eth 0
s24#
Global CDP information: Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
s24# show cdp neighbors
show cdp
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cdp2s24# show cdp neighbors detail -------------------------Device ID: HYDEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.4.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/4, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 131 secVersion : Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1-------------------------Device ID: s50Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.20.50Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMPInterface: FastEthernet0/24, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/24Holdtime : 177 sec--More--
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cdp3Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWA (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Sun 24-Nov-02 23:31 by antoninoadvertisement version: 2Protocol Hello: OUI=0x00000C, Protocol ID=0x0112; payload len=27, value=000000FFFFFFFF010221FF000000000000000BFDFE9800FF0000VTP Management Domain: ‘zoom'Native VLAN: 1Duplex: full-------------------------Device ID: AgraEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.8.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/8, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 174 secVersion :-- More --
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Cdp4Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythwadvertisement version: 2Duplex: half-------------------------Device ID: SIMLAEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.10.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities:Interface: FastEthernet0/10, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 141 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.0(9), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 24-Jan-00 21:19 by bettyladvertisement version: 1
--More--
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Cdp5-------------------------Device ID: BombayEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.5.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/5, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 135 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1-------------------------Device ID: suratEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.6.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/6, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 158 sec
-- More--
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cdp6Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythwadvertisement version: 2Duplex: half-------------------------Device ID: CHEEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.7.150Platform: cisco 2520, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/7, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Holdtime : 173 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythwadvertisement version: 2Duplex: half--More--
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cdp7Device ID: sriEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.11.150Platform: cisco 2611, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/18, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0/0Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.0(7)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 07-Dec-99 02:12 by phanguye-------------------------Device ID: delEntry address(es): IP address: 192.168.9.150Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: FastEthernet0/9, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by sraniadvertisement version: 1
Naveen Patel
cdp8s24# show cdp interface fa 0/24
FastEthernet0/24 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds
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chennai#
chennai#
Global CDP information: Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - RepeaterDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDBan Ser 0 145 R 2509 Ser 1Hyd Ser 1 141 R 2500 Ser 0S50 Eth 0 124 S I WS-C2950T-Fas 0/2
show cdp
show cdp neighbors
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Cdp r 2chennai# show cdp neighbors detail -------------------------Device ID: s50Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.20.50Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMPInterface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/2Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS - C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c), RELEASE SOFTWARCopyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.-------------------------Device ID: banEntry address(es): IP address: 11.0.0.2Platform: cisco 2509, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 121 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARECopyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc.-- More --
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Cdp r 3`Device ID: hydEntry address (es): IP address: 10.0.0.1Platform: Cisco 2500, Capabilities: RouterInterface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0Hold time : 175 secVersion :Cisco Internet work Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
show cdp interfaceEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Hold time is 180 secondsSerial0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Hold time is 180 secondsSerial1 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds
chennai#