acquisition and processing report...date: 14 march 2018 doc. no.: aus_10031_od page 1 of 39...

Date: 14 March 2018 Doc. No.:

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ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING REPORT

SKYTEM HELICOPTER EM SURVEY

OLYMPIC DOMAIN, SA

Report for

Geoscience Australia

SkyTEM survey – Olympic Domain

Date: 14 March 2018 Doc. No:

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SUMMARY

A SkyTEM airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey was flown during the period 9th November to 22nd November 2017 in the Olympic Domain, South Australia. The area is located on the 1:250000 map sheets, SH53-12 (Andamooka) and SH53-16 (Torrens) approximately 420 kilometres north-north west of the city of Adelaide, and acquired 3073 line km of TEM and magnetic data. The projected grid coordinates have been supplied in GDA94 MGA Zone 53.

The aim of the survey is to provide geophysical information to support investigation of the geological context and setting of the area for mineral systems of a major regional geological province. It will provide data to allow for the modelling of the following at a reconnaissance scale:

a) trends in regolith thickness and variability b) variations in bedrock conductivity c) basement/bedrock paleo-topography d) conductivity of key bedrock (lithology related) conductive units under cover e) the groundwater resource potential of the region

This report lists the SkyTEM system information and specifications relevant for this survey, and describes the processing carried out on the data. A list of the deliverables has also been provided, along with explanatory tables.



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CONTENTS

SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 2

CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 3

LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. 4

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... 5

1. SURVEY SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................ 6

General .............................................................................................................. 6

Flight Path .......................................................................................................... 7

Logistics .................................................................................................................... 8

Personnel ........................................................................................................... 8

2. ACQUISITION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS AND PARAMETERS................................................. 9

Physical Configuration .......................................................................................... 9

Transmitter Parameters ...................................................................................... 10

Receiver Specifications ....................................................................................... 13

EM Channel Times ............................................................................................. 14

Interleaving of Transmitter Moments .................................................................... 15

Sign Convention of the Data ................................................................................ 15

GPS Navigation System ...................................................................................... 16

Magnetometer System ....................................................................................... 16

Magnetometer Base Station ................................................................................ 17

3. CALIBRATION .......................................................................................................... 17

Reference Site Calibrations ................................................................................. 17

High Altitude Lines ............................................................................................. 18

Repeat Lines ..................................................................................................... 18

Laser Altimeter Calibration .................................................................................. 19

Frame Inclinometer Calibration ............................................................................ 20

4. POWER LINE NOISE INTENSITY .................................................................................. 22

5. DATA PROCESSING .................................................................................................. 23

GPS Positions and Coordinates ............................................................................ 23

Laser Altimeter Data .......................................................................................... 23

Digital Elevation Model ....................................................................................... 23

Electromagnetic Data ......................................................................................... 25

Magnetic Data ................................................................................................... 25

6. INVERSION OF THE SkyTEM DATA .............................................................................. 28

Outline ............................................................................................................. 28

Input data and noise .......................................................................................... 28

Model parameterization and initial model .............................................................. 28

Regularization ................................................................................................... 30

Depth of investigation ........................................................................................ 30

Qualifications on the conductivity model ............................................................... 30



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Conductivity Model Sections ................................................................................ 31

DELIVERED REPORT AND DATA......................................................................................... 35

Report ............................................................................................................. 35

Electromagnetic data ......................................................................................... 35

Conductivity data .............................................................................................. 37

Magnetic data ................................................................................................... 38

Raw data .......................................................................................................... 38

7. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 39

APPENDIX A FLIGHT DIARY...........................................................................................A 1

APPENDIX B LINE REPORT............................................................................................B 1

APPENDIX C REPEAT LINES.......................................... ................................................C 1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 SkyTEM flight path map for the surveyed area. ...................................................... 7 Figure 2 Schematic of the SkyTEM312 System ..................................................................... 9 Figure 3 SkyTEM312 LM transmitter waveform ................................................................... 12 Figure 4 SkyTEM312 HM transmitter waveform .................................................................. 13 Figure 5 Calibration plot for laser #5026 ........................................................................... 19 Figure 6 Calibration plot for laser #6035 ........................................................................... 20 Figure 7 Plot of X angle inclinometers against the Bosch reference ........................................ 21 Figure 8 Plot of Y angle inclinometers against the Bosch reference ........................................ 21 Figure 9: Digital Terrain Model .......................................................................................... 24 Figure 10 Image of TMI_IGRF. ......................................................................................... 27 Figure 11 Model section. From top to bottom: Conductivity section with flight height and Depth of

Investigation (DOI), LM gate plot (data=dots, model=line), HM gate plot (data=dots, model=line), data residual. ............................................................................... 33

Figure 12 Layer resistivity map for layer 20. ...................................................................... 34



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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 General survey information ................................................................................. 6 Table 2 Survey personnel ............................................................................................... 8 Table 3 Relative positions of system instruments. ............................................................ 10 Table 4 Summary of transmitter specifications ................................................................ 10 Table 5 Transmitter waveform specifications ................................................................... 11 Table 6 Detailed SkyTEM312 LM transmitter waveform ....................................................... 11 Table 7 Detailed SkyTEM312 HM transmitter waveform ...................................................... 12 Table 8 Summary of receiver specifications ..................................................................... 13 Table 9 Detailed SkyTEM312 LM channel times. All gate times are relative to the start of the

transmitter current ramp down. ......................................................................... 14 Table 10 SkyTEM312 HM gate times. All gate times are relative to the start of the transmitter

current ramp down. ......................................................................................... 15 Table 11 The location for the base station magnetometer. .................................................. 17 Table 12 High level lines flown for the survey .................................................................... 18 Table 13 Repeat line coordinates..................................................................................... 18 Table 14 Repeat line numbers and flight number ............................................................... 18 Table 15 Results of the laser altimeter calibration .............................................................. 19 Table 16 Inclinometer calibration results .......................................................................... 20 Table 17 Conductivity model layer thicknesses for the Ord-Keep Rivers Region ...................... 29



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DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING REPORT

SKYTEM HELICOPTER EM AND MAGNETIC SURVEY

OLYMPIC DOMAIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

1. SURVEY SPECIFICATIONS

General

Table 1 lists general survey information.

Table 1 General survey information

SkyTEM Job Number AUS_10031

Survey Company SkyTEM Australia Pty Ltd

Reporting Period 9th – 22nd November 2017

Client Geoscience Australia

Client Project Number 1305

Terrain Clearance 35 – 50 m (nominal)

Line Kilometres Production: 3073.4 Km L100001 – L103802 Repeat : 20.5 Km L912001 – L912004 High Level: 168.3 Km L913001 – L913018

Nominal Line Direction 090-270 deg

Nominal Line Spacing 3000/1500 m

Datasets Acquired Time-domain EM Magnetics

EM System 312M SkyTEM (Interleaved Low Moment and High Moment)

Helicopter Company Aerotech Helicopters

Helicopter Type AS350 B3

Helicopter Registration VH-HBB

Navigation Real Time DGPS. Base GPS data was recorded as a backup.

Coordinate System MGA53 / GDA94



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Flight Path

The survey flight lines for the survey area is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1 SkyTEM flight path map for the surveyed area.



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Logistics

The survey was flown from an operating base at Mt Gunson and remote landing grounds situated within, or close to the survey areas. The line summary report for the airborne survey is included in Appendix B

The flight diary for the survey is provided in Appendix A

Personnel

A list of the personnel for the survey is provided in Table 2.

Table 2 Survey personnel

Field

Crew Chief Adrian Mørch

Geophysicist Adrian Elsner

Pilot Chris Boyd

Office

Data Processing SkyTEM Aps Denmark, SkyTEM Australia

Reporting SkyTEM Australia (Brendan Coleman) [email protected]



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2. ACQUISITION SYSTEM INSTRUMENTS AND PARAMETERS

Physical Configuration

The geometry of the system used during acquisition is represented in Figure 2. The XYZ coordinates of the instruments relative to the centre of the transmitter loop are provided in Table 3.

Figure 2 Schematic of the SkyTEM312 System



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Table 3 Relative positions of system instruments.

ITEM DESCRIPTION SkyTEM312

X(m) Y(m) Z(m)

Z-coil EM Z-axis sensor ‐13.14 0.00 ‐2.00

X-coil EM X-axis sensor ‐14.65 0.00 ‐0.02

TL1/TL2 Tiltmeter 1 & 2 (measures tilts from horizontal with respect to both X and Y axes)

12.79 1.64 -0.12

HE1 Laser Altimeter 1 12.94 1.79 -0.12

HE2 Laser Altimeter 2 12.94 -1.79 -0.12

PaPC-GPS1 GPS 1 Antenna (Standard) 11.68 2.79 -0.16

PaPC-GPS2 GPS 2 Antenna (RTK DGPS) 10.51 3.95 -0.16

The Z-axis is positive below the Tx loop wire. Positive X and Y-axes are in the flight direction and to the starboard side respectively, forming a right-handed coordinate system.

Transmitter Parameters

Summary of the transmitter specifications are provided in Table 4 and Table 5 with details of the transmitter waveforms for the different moment configurations given in Table 6 and Table 7, and Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Table 4 Summary of transmitter specifications

TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS

Tx ID = 1537 SkyTEM312

Transmitter (Tx) Loop Area 337.0 m2

Transmitter Moments LM + HM

Number of Transmitter Loop Turns 2 turn (LM) 12 turns (HM)

Nominal Peak Current 5.9 A (LM) 117 A (HM)

Peak Moment ~3,980 Am2 (LM) ~473,000 Am2 (HM)

Nominal Tx/Rx Frame Height ~45 m – 60 m



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Table 5 Transmitter waveform specifications

TRANSMITTER WAVEFORM

Base Frequency 275 Hz (LM) 25 Hz (HM)

Tx Duty Cycle 44% (LM) 25% (HM)

Tx Waveforms

Linear rise, linear ramp-off, Bipolar (LM) Pseudo-rectangular, linear ramp-off. Bipolar (HM)

Tx ON-Time 0.8 ms (LM) 5.0 ms (HM)

Tx OFF-Time 1.018 ms (LM) 15.0 ms (HM)

Table 6 Detailed SkyTEM312 LM transmitter waveform

Time (sec)

Amplitude (Normalized)

-8.00000E-04 0.00000E+00 -7.52107E-04 7.96422E-02 -6.70446E-04 1.90204E-01 -5.71693E-04 3.08262E-01 -4.48251E-04 4.50681E-01 -3.39053E-04 5.79983E-01 -2.17511E-04 7.26150E-01 0.00000E+00 1.00000E+00 2.30000E-07 9.96717E-01 5.20000E-07 9.79350E-01 8.20000E-07 9.50872E-01 1.16000E-06 9.08975E-01 1.80000E-06 8.12741E-01 3.49000E-06 5.32615E-01 4.66000E-06 3.69554E-01 5.64000E-06 2.61933E-01 6.66000E-06 1.76926E-01 7.33000E-06 1.34172E-01 8.04000E-06 9.83802E-02 9.63000E-06 4.55988E-02 1.15100E-05 1.50789E-02 1.40900E-05 0.00000E+00 1.0182E-03 0.0000E+00



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Figure 3 SkyTEM312 LM transmitter waveform

Table 7 Detailed SkyTEM312 HM transmitter waveform

Time (sec)

Amplitude (Normalized)

-5.00000E-003 0.00000E+000

-4.89496E-003 3.60733E-001

-4.75539E-003 7.99233E-001

-4.70886E-003 9.39779E-001

-3.83069E-003 9.62266E-001

-2.48727E-003 9.79131E-001

-1.18456E-003 9.92249E-001

-3.97199E-006 1.00000E+000

2.29254E-006 9.96656E-001

5.03306E-005 8.55012E-001

1.50485E-004 5.32045E-001

2.49281E-004 2.00058E-001

3.00038E-004 2.77109E-002

3.04326E-004 1.35520E-002

3.07924E-004 5.32368E-003

3.11060E-004 1.50767E-003

3.15205E-004 0.00000E+000

1.50000E-02 0.00000E+00



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Figure 4 SkyTEM312 HM transmitter waveform

Receiver Specifications

A summary of the receiver specifications are provided in Table 8. The locations of the X-component and Z-component receiver coils are provided in Table 3.

Table 8 Summary of receiver specifications

RECEIVER (Rx) SPECIFICATIONS

Rx ID = 2244 SkyTEM312

EM Sensors dB/dt coils

Rx coil effective area 175 m2 (Z) 115 m2 (X)

Low pass cut-off frequency for Rx coils 155 KHz (Z) 250 kHz (X)

Low pass cut-off frequency for Rx electronics 300 kHz

Front gate 0.00 µs (LM) 370.00 µs (HM)

Earliest gate centre time Measured / recommended use

16.235 µs (LM) Gates 9 436.415 µs (HM) Gate 16

Latest gate centre time 0.877ms (LM) Gate 26 13.156 ms (HM) Gate 38



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EM Channel Times

Table 9 and Table 10 list the SkyTEM channel times for LM and HM respectively. Both low moment (LM) and high moment (HM) were used for the survey. Times are measured from the start of current switch-off, i.e. from the top of the current ramp. Note that a calibration correction shift has been applied to the gate times. Refer to the Calibration Section in this document on page 17.

Table 9 Detailed SkyTEM312 LM channel times. All gate times are relative to the start of

the transmitter current ramp down.

Window LM

Gate No.

Gate Width (us)

Gate Open (us)

Gate Centre (us)

Gate Close (us)

1 9 3.57 14.45 16.235 18.02

2 10 4.57 18.45 20.735 23.02

3 11 5.57 23.45 26.235 29.02

4 12 7.57 29.45 33.235 37.02

5 13 9.57 37.45 42.235 47.02

6 14 12.57 47.45 53.735 60.02

7 15 15.57 60.45 68.235 76.02

8 16 19.57 76.45 86.235 96.02

9 17 24.57 96.45 108.735 121.02

10 18 30.57 121.45 136.735 152.02

11 19 39.57 152.45 172.235 192.02

12 20 50.57 192.45 217.735 243.02

13 21 62.57 243.45 274.735 306.02

14 22 80.57 306.45 346.735 387.02

15 23 100.57 387.45 437.735 488.02

16 24 126.57 488.45 551.735 615.02

17 25 160.57 615.45 695.735 776.02

18 26 201.57 776.45 877.235 978.02



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Table 10 SkyTEM312 HM gate times. All gate times are relative to the start of the transmitter current ramp down.

Window

HM Gate No.

Width (us)

Open (us)

Centre (us)

Close (us)

1 16 19.570 426.63 436.415 446.20

2 17 24.570 446.63 458.915 471.20

3 18 30.570 471.63 486.915 502.20

4 19 39.570 502.63 522.415 542.20

5 20 50.570 542.63 567.915 593.20

6 21 62.570 593.63 624.915 656.20

7 22 80.570 656.63 696.915 737.20

8 23 100.570 737.63 787.915 838.20

9 24 126.570 838.63 901.915 965.20

10 25 160.570 965.63 1045.915 1126.20

11 26 201.570 1126.63 1227.415 1328.20

12 27 254.570 1328.63 1455.915 1583.20

13 28 321.570 1583.63 1744.415 1905.20

14 29 405.570 1905.63 2108.415 2311.20

15 30 510.570 2311.63 2566.915 2822.20

16 31 645.570 2822.63 3145.415 3468.20

17 32 791.570 3468.63 3864.415 4260.20

18 33 967.570 4260.63 4744.415 5228.20

19 34 1184.570 5228.63 5820.915 6413.20

20 35 1451.570 6413.63 7139.415 7865.20

21 36 1775.570 7865.63 8753.415 9641.20

22 37 2179.570 9641.63 10731.415 11821.20

23 38 2669.570 11821.63 13156.415 14491.20

Interleaving of Transmitter Moments

All data were acquired using interleaved low and high moment transmitter modes, consisting of 110 low moment positive and negative pulse pairs at 275 Hz, and 30 high moment pulse pairs at 25Hz, which repeats every 1.6 seconds.

Sign Convention of the Data

EM data

The vertical (Z) component electromagnetic data is referenced such that when measured over a purely-conductive (non-polarizable) one-dimensional earth it is positive. Early-time Z-component negatives are sometimes observed in very resistive areas due to the transmitter bias, if it has not been completely removed from the measured data. Late time Z-component negatives are occasionally observed due to induced polarization effects.

The horizontal inline (X) component electromagnetic data is positive in the flight direction: The X-component response measured over a purely-conductive (non-polarisable) one-dimensional earth



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is typically negative. However, X-component data is strongly affected by frame tilt, which can introduce a large contribution from the much-stronger Z-component response and significantly distort the measured X-component response. The only rigorous way to account for this effect in the data is to explicitly include the transmitter loop tilts in the X and Y directions in the forward/inverse modelling algorithm used to interpret the data.

Tiltmeter data

Angle X (measured by both TL1 and TL2) is positive when the nose of the transmitter loop frame is pitched up, i.e. over level ground, Angle X is positive when the nose of the frame is further from the ground than the base of the tail rudder.

Angle Y (measured by both TL1 and TL2) is positive when the starboard (right) side of the transmitter loop frame is tilted down i.e. over level ground, Angle Y is positive when the starboard side of the frame is closer to the ground than the port side.

GPS Navigation System

Two Novatel OEMV GPS receivers were employed for the survey.

The OMNISTAR High Precision real time differential correction service was used to provide a real time input to GP2 for the primary navigation system.

As a backup, both GP1 and GP2 recorded information, for which differentially-corrected positions could be obtained via post-processing if required, in conjunction with data from a ground base station recorded at 1 second intervals.

Magnetometer System

Airborne Magnetometer

Geometrics G822A Caesium Vapour magnetometer sensor, mounted on the front of the Tx loop frame. (Figure 2)

Kroum VS KMAG4 Counter Sample interval 50 Hz. (Down sampled in processing)

Base Magnetometer

GEM Systems GSM 19 Proton precession, sample interval 1 Hz

Typical noise level 0.5 nT



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Magnetometer Base Station

The table below shows the location of the magnetic base station.

Table 11 The location for the base station magnetometer.

Magnetometer Base station

Lat Lon

Mount Gunson 31°26’04’’S 137°10’12"E

The base station magnetometer data were transferred into a base station Geosoft GDB database

on a daily basis for further processing.

3. CALIBRATION

Reference Site Calibrations

The complete SkyTEM equipment was calibrated at the National Danish Reference Site (GeoFysikSamarbejdet, Aarhus University, 2012).

Calibration factors and time shift are given below. These factors have been applied to the delivered EM data, and therefore the data do not need to be scaled or the window times do not need to be shifted prior to modelling/inversion.

LM: Factor 0.94 Time shift -1.98 e-6 s

HM: Factor 0.94 Time shift -1.8e-6 µs



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High Altitude Lines

The following table list the line and flight numbers that were flown during the survey. Processed EM data for the high level flights are included in the final EM dataset.

Table 12 High level lines flown for the survey

Line No. Flight

913001 20171114.02 913002 20171115.01 913003 20171115.02 913004 20171116.01 913005 20171116.02 913006 20171116.03 913007 20171116.04 913008 20171119.02 913009 20171119.03 913010 20171120.01 913011 20171120.02 913012 20171120.03 913013 20171120.04 913014 20171121.01 913015 20171121.02 913016 20171121.03 913017 20171122.02 913018 20171122.03

Repeat Lines

Repeat lines details are listed in Table 13 and Table 14. The following tables list the coordinates, line numbers and flights of the repeat lines.

Table 13 Repeat line coordinates

Line ID (survey line) East North East North

101300 690300 6515000 695300 6515000

Table 14 Repeat line numbers and flight number

Line No. Survey Line Segment Flight

912001 101302 20171115.01 912002 101302 20171116.01 912003 101302 20171119.02 912004 101302 20171120.04

Section plots of the repeat lines are given in Appendix C.



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Laser Altimeter Calibration

Table 15 Results of the laser altimeter calibration

The calibration of the redundant laser altimeter systems, used to provide pilot guidance, and the calculation of the final digital elevation model were performed on the 14th June 2017.

Figure 5 Calibration plot for laser #5026



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Figure 6 Calibration plot for laser #6035

Frame Inclinometer Calibration

Table 16 Inclinometer calibration results



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Figure 7 Plot of X angle inclinometers against the Bosch reference

Note that the lines overlie each other in the graphs.

Figure 8 Plot of Y angle inclinometers against the Bosch reference



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4. POWER LINE NOISE INTENSITY

The PLNI monitor values are derived from a frequency analysis of the raw Z-component EM data. For every low moment EM data block (110 pulse pairs) a PLNI value is obtained by Fourier transformation of the measured values of the latest low moment gate. The Fourier transformation is evaluated at the local power transmission frequency (50 Hz) yielding the amplitude spectral density of the power line noise.

CAUTION - When evaluating the PLNI values one should be aware of the following factors that may give rise to anomalous PLNI patterns unrelated to the actual power line noise level:

• Noise sources, other than power line noise, may contribute to the total noise spectral density in the data at the power transmission frequency. When power line noise is present it tends to dominate all such other noise sources.

• The PLNI values are not corrected for flying height or frame angles, which means that adjacent lines crossing the same power line may not exhibit the same values of PLNI.



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5. DATA PROCESSING

GPS Positions and Coordinates

Only the Omnistar HP differentially corrected GPS, GP2 position information were used for the survey. The data were recorded in the WGS84 datum.

The GPS positions were then translated to the centre of the frame based on the instrument x, y and z positions given in Table 3.

The corrected positions were transformed to GDA94 datum, Map Grid of Australia Zone 53 Projection

Laser Altimeter Data

The height processing involves manual and automated routines using a combination of the SkyTEM in-house software SkyLab and Oasis Montaj Geosoft.

The processing involves the following steps:

Keeping the 5 largest of the 30 values acquired per second, and discarding the remainder to correct for the canopy effect (treetop filter);

3 sec running box-car filter (smoothing filter);

Tilt correction, using the inclinometer data, to account for the altimeter not pointing vertically downward;

Averaging of the tilt corrected values from the two laser altimeters;

A 3 sec low pass filter is then applied to the final result.

Digital Elevation Model

A digital elevation model (DEM) was derived by subtracting the processed laser altimeter (height above ground) data from the GPS altitude (height above the GRS80 ellipsoid) data to yield the height of the ground above the GRS80 ellipsoid. Then the ellipsoid-geoid separation (N-value) was subtracted to yield the elevation of the ground above the Australian Height Datum (AHD).

ElevationAHD = GPS_HeightGRS80 – Laser_Altimeter – N_Value

The subtracted N-values were interpolated from the AUSGeoid09 grid values obtained via the Geoscience Australia website:

ftp://ftp.ga.gov.au/geodesy-outgoing/gravity/ausgeoid/

Grids and images of Digital elevation models for the three areas are included in the digital data delivery.

The image of the elevation model is shown in Figure 9.



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Figure 9: Digital Terrain Model



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Electromagnetic Data

Raw (binary) SkyTEM data have been processed using SkyTEM proprietary software.

Prior to processing and primary field correction (PFC) was applied to the early LM moment gates (9 to 14) to remove the effects of residual currents that occur due to magnetic coupling between the receiver coils and the transmitter loop. PFC is performed by collecting Low Moment data whilst flying the system so the LM response is clear of any influence from the ground. The primary magnetic field coupling between the receiver coils and the transmitter loop is continuously hardware-monitored, providing a separate value for the magnetic field coupling during each transient sounding. These data are used for raw data correction in a separate post-processing step. The primary field compensation technique has proven stable and has routinely yielded a reduction of the primary field influence in very early time gates by a factor exceeding 17dB.

Following PFC on the Low Moment data the data are normalized in respect to the effective Rx coil area, Tx coil area, number of turns and current giving the units [pV/(m4*A)].

The EM data is filtered adaptively based on the signal-to-noise ratio. The applied EM filtering method is based on iterative weighted spline fitting routines, which operate in positive/negative symmetric transform spaces. The data weighting scheme relies on an extensive noise evaluation performed on the individual gate values of the raw data decays. Optimised sets of averaging filters are used for each measured moment and type of receiver coil in a stepwise averaging process. This allows for optimal suppression of motion induced noise as well as cultural noise components, while keeping track of the resulting data uncertainty.

Magnetic Data

Final processing of the magnetic data involved the application of conventional corrections to

compensate for diurnal variation, International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) removal, and

heading effects prior to gridding. Processing of magnetic data was implemented in Geosoft’s Oasis

Montaj software. The steps involved follow, with the details provided thereafter:

Pre-processing of static (1 Hz) magnetic data acquired at the magnetic base stations

Pre-processing of airborne magnetic data

Standard corrections to compensate the diurnal variation.

IGRF correction

Gridding

No levelling was performed

Pre-processing

Pre-processing of the airborne magnetic data involved resampling of data to 2 Hz and translation of the position to the center of the transmitter frame in SkyLab. The data were then manually edited to remove spikes and other spurious data. The data were then low-pass filtered using a filter of 3.0 s width.

Diurnal correction

Correction for the diurnal variation was made using the digitally recorded ground base station magnetometer data. The ground base station data were first manually de-spiked then low-pass filtered with a filter width of 10 s. The pre-processed base station data, which represent short term temporal magnetic field variations, were merged together with the airborne magnetic data using the date and UTC time as the synchronization channels.



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These base station data were then subtracted from the airborne magnetometer readings. Then a constant value was added back into the result. The resultant delivered data field from this step is the Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI).

IGRF correction

The Geosoft Oasis Montaj Levelling Toolkit was used for applying the IGRF corrections to the magnetic data. The IGRF is a long-wavelength regional magnetic field calculated from permanent observatory data collected around the world. The IGRF is updated and determined by an international committee of geophysicists every 5 years. Secular variations in the Earth’s magnetic field are incorporated into the determination of the IGRF. The IGRF correction was applied prior to levelling. The applied corrections were calculated using the following IGRF model parameters:

IGRF model year: IGRF 12th generation

Date: variable according to date channel in database

Position: variable according to GPS longitude and latitude

Elevation: variable according to magnetic sensor altitude derived from DGPS data.

The resultant delivered data field from this step is the IGRF corrected TMI (TMI_IGRF). The final TMI_IGRF is seen on Figure 10, grids and maps of TMI_IGRF are included in the digital data delivery.



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Figure 10 Image of TMI_IGRF.



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6. INVERSION OF THE SkyTEM DATA

Following is a description of modelling and inversion of SkyTEM data acquired during the survey.

Outline

The SkyTEM data have been inverted with the AarhusInv program (Auken et al., 2015) using the Aarhus Workbench LCI algorithm (Auken et al. 2005; Auken et al. 2002), a group of time-domain EM (TEM) soundings are inverted simultaneously using 1-D models (Kirkegaard and Auken, 2015). Each sounding yields a separate layered model, but the models are constrained laterally.

The result of the LCI inversion is a quasi-2D model section that varies smoothly along the profile and yields a conductivity model that combines the very good shallow depth resolution offered by the low moment data and the larger depth of investigation from the high moment data.

Input data and noise

The input data to the inversion were LM gates 10 to 26 and HM gates 16 to 38 of the Z-component. The manual masking of portions of data thought to contain coupling effects (e.g. due to power lines) was not a requirement of the project. Accordingly cultural effects in the EM data could be manifested in the inversion results and final conductivity database. Also negative decays can be observed in both LM and HM Z component response which could possibly due to IP effect. At present Aarhus Workbench does not resolve non-linear resistive properties.

A nominal uncertainty of 3% was applied to each datum, as well as the calculated relative uncertainty as provided with the EM data.

Model parameterization and initial model

The LCI code was run in multi-layer, smooth-model mode. In this mode the layer thicknesses are kept fixed and the data are inverted only for the resistivity of each layer. Inversion for flight altitude is also included after the first 5 inversion iterations. Multi-layer smooth-model inversion is slower to compute, but is usually able to provide a very close fit to the observed data.

For this survey a 30 layer model was used, in which the bottommost layer is an infinitely thick halfspace. The layer thicknesses increase logarithmically with depth. The thicknesses and depths to the top of each layer are given in Table 17.

The initial model resistivity structure was a homogenous half-space model with an auto calculated starting resistivity. This resistivity is the mean of the apparent resistivities calculated for each sounding.



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Table 17 Conductivity model layer thicknesses for the Ord-Keep Rivers Region

Layer # Layer Thickness [m]

Depth to top of layer [m]

Res. Constraints Vert.

Res. Constraints Horz.

1 2.0 0.0 2.50 1.800 2 2.2 2.0 2.50 1.800 3 2.4 4.2 2.50 1.800 4 2.7 6.6 2.50 1.800 5 2.9 9.3 2.50 1.600 6 3.2 12.2 2.50 1.500 7 3.6 15.4 2.00 1.500 8 3.9 19.0 2.00 1.500 9 4.3 22.9 2.00 1.500

10 4.7 27.2 2.00 1.400 11 5.2 31.9 2.00 1.400 12 5.7 37.1 2.00 1.400 13 6.3 42.8 2.00 1.400 14 6.9 49.1 2.00 1.400 15 7.6 56.0 2.00 1.400 16 8.4 63.6 2.00 1.400 17 9.3 72.0 2.00 1.300 18 10.2 81.3 2.00 1.300 19 11.2 91.5 2.00 1.300 20 12.3 102.7 2.00 1.300 21 13.6 115.0 2.00 1.300 22 14.9 128.6 2.00 1.300 23 16.4 143.5 2.00 1.300 24 18.1 159.9 2.00 1.300 25 19.9 178.0 2.00 1.300 26 21.9 197.9 2.00 1.300 27 24.1 219.8 2.00 1.300 28 26.5 243.9 2.00 1.300 29 29.2 270.4 2.00 1.300 30 ∞ 299.6 2.00 1.300



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Regularization

Smoothness constraints are applied on the variation of resistivity with depth. In addition lateral constraints are applied between adjacent models.

Constraints are given as factors, i.e. a factor of 1.1 means that the parameter can vary between the starting value divided by 1.1 to the starting value multiplied by 1.1 (Aarhus University, n.d.).

The LCI inversion allows for horizontal and vertical constraints to be set for resistivities. For this survey, the vertical resistivity constraints were set to 2.0. So for each iteration, the resistivity of the layer above, and below each layer can be between [2 X initialRes], or [0.5 X initialRes].

Horizontal constraints are scaled by distance using a reference distance and power function:

n

refopt Dist

GPSCC

11

Where C is the constraint used scaled by distance, Copt is the optimal constraint at a sounding distance of Distref and ∆GPS is the actual sounding distance. For this survey, Copt is the horizontal constraint given in Table 17, and Distref =25 m. The power law dependency n, was set to one. Note that these constraints are not strict, and do not prevent abrupt changes, if fitting of the data requires it.

The constraint on the inverted flight height was set to 1.3.

Depth of investigation

The depth of investigation (DOI) is determined by performing a sensitivity analysis of the cumulated response of the data to each layer’s resistivity from the deepest layer upwards, (Christiansen and Auken, 2012).

Qualifications on the conductivity model

Geophysical inversion is a non-unique process. This means that many possible conductivity models could possibly explain the data. Several factors contribute to this non-uniqueness, some of which are outlined below.

Data and noise model

The accuracy of conductivity model generated by the inversion is influenced by the noise in the TEM data. This noise is reduced by selective stacking of delay time series and by applying appropriate filters in the receiver system, nevertheless noise is present in the data.

Data insufficiency

For SkyTEM data, the insufficiency lies primarily in the limited delay time range that can be obtained. The earliest obtainable time gate is determined by the turnoff of the Tx current, and the latest useful time gate is determined by the signal to noise ratio. Increasing the Tx moment will give better measurements at late times, and thus improve the depth penetration, but also increase the turnoff time and thus remove early-time gates, thereby making the near-surface resolution poorer. This trade-off is partially solved by transmitting an alternating sequence of (1) a low moment that can be turned off quickly to give good near-surface resolution, and (2) a high moment that will improve the signal-to-noise ratio at late times, thus improving depth penetration.



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Inconsistency between 1D modelling and 3D geology

When using 1D modelling in the inversion of SkyTEM data, inconsistency arises where the lateral gradient of conductivity is large, e.g. typically in mining applications. However, also in environmental investigations, inconsistencies can arise, typically where strong near-surface conductors have abrupt boundaries.

Often such inconsistency is indicated by the data residual being high. One should look upon the inversion results with some caution at these locations. 3D effects can also reveal themselves by the so-called ‘pant legs’, i.e. conductive or resistive structures projecting at an angle of approximately 30 degrees from the horizontal at the edges of high contrast structures.

Conductivity Model Sections

The models resulting from the inversion are presented as sections of conductivity - depth intervals and are delivered in digital format.

Model sections

The model sections can be found in the data delivery folder as PNG and PDF format The main section plots consist of four subplots as seen in Figure 11. The top plot displays the inverted models, with topography, where the conductivity of the individual layers are colour coded according to the colour scale bar, which is displayed using a logarithmic distribution. The faded zone indicates the estimated depth of investigation.

The measured and inverted flight elevation are shown with a black and blue line, respectively, above the model section.

In each section, the region below the estimate of the DOI, the inverted conductivity is determined predominantly by the regularization, i.e. the conductivity is essentially undetermined.

Underneath the model section plot are two plots of the measured data (dots) together with the response of the inverted models (solid lines). LM is low moment data and HM is high moment data. The bottom plot is the data residual (black line) of the inversions.

Blank sections in the data profile indicate areas where the signal to noise ratio has been too low for any data to be used in the inversion. Essentially the resistivity in those sections can be considered as “Very high” (>1000 Ωm). Alternatively cultural features have been superimposed on the ground response, which can also lead to data being discarded prior to the inversion.

Residuals

The quality of the fit between the observed data and the predicted data (i.e., the calculated forward model response of the conductivity model resulting from the inversion) can be evaluated by inspecting the residuals. The data residual is calculated by comparing the measured data with the response of the resulting model after inversion. If the residual is in the vicinity of 1, the misfit between the response of the final model and the data is, on average, equal to the noise. A high residual is due to data that has noise greater than the noise model takes into account. This can be seen where resistivities are very high and the signal consequently very low. A high data residual can also be due to the inconsistency between the 1D model assumed in the inversion and the 2D/3D character of the real world geology. These are found primarily at the edges of sharp lateral conductivity contrasts. Finally, coupling effects due to power lines and other man made conductors can also be a source of a high residual.



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Layer conductivity maps

The conductivity maps can be found in the data delivery folder as PDF/PNG as well as MapInfo located images.

These maps show the inverted conductivity for each of the model depth layers. As the thickness of the model layers increases downwards the maps represent a varying thickness interval. The depth interval is stated on the files and is in metres below the surface. An example can be seen in Figure 12.


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Figure 11 Model section. From top to bottom: Conductivity section with flight height and Depth of Investigation (DOI), LM gate plot (data=dots, model=line), HM gate plot (data=dots, model=line), data residual.


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Figure 12 Layer resistivity map for layer 20.


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DELIVERED REPORT AND DATA

Report

Acquisition and Processing Report

Format PDF

Copies 1 × Electronic copy

Electromagnetic data

Files AUS_10031_Olympic_EM.dat

FIELD CHANNEL DESCRIPTION UNITS NULL FORMAT

1 FLTLINE Flight Line F10.1

2 GA_Project Geoscience Australia airborne survey project number

I10

3 Job_No SkyTEM Australia Job Number I10

4 Fiducial Fiducial Number s F15.2

5 Line Line number I10

6 Flight Flight number F12.2

7 DateTime Decimal Days since midnight 31/12/1899 days F18.10

8 Date_UTC UTC Date yyyymmdd I12

9 Time_UTC UTC Time hhmmss.ss F12.2

10 Date_Local Local Date yyyymmdd I12

11 Time_Local Local Time hhmmss.ss F12.2

12 AngleX Tilt of frame from horizontal - flight direction

deg -99999.99 F10.2

13 AngleY Tilt of frame from horizontal - perpendicular from flight direction

deg -99999.99 F10.2

14 Height Laser altimeter measured height of the Tx loop centre above ground

m -99999.99 F10.2

15 DTM_AHD Digital terrain model (Australian Height Datum) m -99999.99 F10.2

16 Longitude Longitude GDA94 deg -999999.999999 F15.6

17 Latitude Latitude GDA94 deg -999999.999999 F15.6

18 Easting Easting (GDA94 MGA Zone 52) m -9999999.99 F12.2

19 Northing Northing (GDA94 MGA Zone 52)

m -9999999999.99 F15.2

20 GPS_Alt GPS altitude of Tx loop centre (GRS80 datum) m -99999.99 F10.2

21 GdSpeed Frame ground speed km/h -99999.99 F10.2

22 Curr_LM Low moment peak transmitter current A -99999.99 F10.2

23 Curr_HM High moment peak transmitter current A -99999.99 F10.2

24 PLNI Power line noise indicator -99999.999 F10.2


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FIELD

25:50 LM_Z Z-comp LM dB/dt processed and normalised (Gates 1-8 undefined)

pV/A.turns.m4 -9999999.99999 26F15.5

51:88 HM_Z Z-comp HM dB/dt processed and normalised (Gates 1-12 undefined)

pV/A.turns.m4 -9999999.99999 38F15.5

89:114 LM_X X-comp LM dB/dt processed and normalised (Gates 1-8 undefined)

pV/A.turns.m4 -9999999.99999 26F15.5

115:152 HM_X X-comp HM dB/dt processed and normalised (Gates 1-12 undefined)

pV/A.turns.m4 -9999999.99999 38F15.5

153:178 RUNC_LM_Z

Z-comp LM dB/dt relative uncertainty (noise estimate as a fraction of the measured response)

-9999999.99999 26F15.5

179:216 RUNC_HM_Z

Z-comp HM dB/dt relative uncertainty (noise estimate as a fraction of the measured response)

-9999999.99999 38F15.5

217:242 RUNC_LM_X

X-comp LM dB/dt relative uncertainty (noise estimate as a fraction of the measured response)

-9999999.99999 26F15.5

243:280 RUNC_HM_X

X-comp HM dB/dt relative uncertainty (noise estimate as a fraction of the measured response)

-9999999.99999 38F15.5

281 MA1 Raw magnetic field reading nT -99999.99 F10.2

282 BMAG Base station diurnal magnetic field

nT -99999.99 F10.2

283 TMI Total Magnetic field intensity + BaseMag constant nT -99999.99 F10.2

284 IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Field nT -99999.99 F10.2

285 TMI_IGRF TMI corrected by IGRF +46700 nT -99999.99 F10.2

DTM Grid Format ER Mapper Grid (.ers) and image (.png) with associated MapInfo TAB files Name Description

AUS_10031_Olympic_DTM_AHD Min curvature, cell size 100 m, blanking 200 m

AUS_10031_Olympic_DTM_AHDCS Colour scale for image (.png)

Flight Path

Format ESRI shape file, Image (.png) Name Description

AUS_10031_Olympic_FPath Survey flight path


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Conductivity data

File Olympic_WB_MGA53

FIELD CHANNEL DESCRIPTION

UNITS NULL FORMAT

1 FLTLINE Flight Line F10.1

2 GA_Project Geoscience Australia airborne survey project number I10

3 Job_No SkyTEM Australia Job Number I10

4 Fiducial Fiducial Number s F15.2

5 DateTime Decimal Days since midnight 31/12/1899 days F18.10

6 Line Line number I10

7 Easting Easting (GDA94 MGA Zone 52) m -9999999.99 F12.2

8 Northing Northing (GDA94 MGA Zone 52) m -9999999999.99 F15.2

9 DTM_AHD Digital terrain model (Australian Height Datum) m -99999.99 F10.2

10 RESI1 Residual of the data -9999.999 F10.3

11 HEIGHT Laser altimeter measured height of the Tx loop centre above ground m -99999.99 F10.2

12 INVHEIGHT Calculated inversion height of the Tx loop centre above ground m -99999.99 F10.2

13 DOI Estimated Depth of investigation, below ground level m -99999.99 F10.2

14:43 Elev Elevation to the top of the layer m -9999999.99 30F12.2

44:73 Con Conductivity of the layer mS/m -9999999.99999 30F15.5

74:103 Con_doi Conductivity of the layer masked to the depth of investigation mS/m -9999999.99999 30F15.5

104:133 RUnc Calculated relative uncertainty of the layer conductivity -9999999.99999 30F15.5

134 TMI_IGRF_lev Grid levelled TMI_IGRF nT -99999.99 F10.2


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LCI conductivity sections

Format Image (.png)

Name Description

LineZZZZZZ_Cond_0.01_10S_pr_m Conductivity-depth sections ZZZZZZ = Line number

LCI layer (depth slice) grids

Format ER Mapper Grid (.ers) and image (.tiff) with associated MapInfo TAB files. For the masked slices, PNG and PDF images.

Grids Name Description

*Olympic_WB_MGA53_Con0XX_aaa.a-bbb.bm.grd Not masked to depth of investigation

*Olympic_WB_MGA53_Con0XX_doi_gm_aaa.a-bbb.bm.grd Masked to depth of investigation

* XXX = layer number , aaa.a = Depth to top of layer, bbb.b = Depth to base of layer

Magnetic data

The located magnetic data is supplied in the EM database.

TMI_IGRF grid and image Format ER Mapper Grid (.ers) and image (.tif with associated MapInfo TAB files and pdf prints Name Description

AUS_10031_Olympic_TMI_IGRF Min curvature, cell size 20 m, blanking 200 m

AUS_10031_Olympic_TMI_IGRFCS.png Colour scale for image (png)

Raw data

RAW Binary Data

*.skb *.sps

Raw binary EM data

*.lin *.mid Line file mask

*.geo Geofile with system description


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7. REFERENCES

Aarhus University, n.d., Guide to 1D-LCI inversion.

Auken, E., Foged, N. and Sørensen, K., 2002, Model recognition by 1-D laterally constrained inversion of resistivity data: Proceedings – New Technologies and Research Trends Session, 8th meeting, EEGS-ES.

Auken, E., Christiansen, A. V., Jacobsen, B. H., Foged, N., and Sørensen, K. I., 2005, Piecewise 1D Laterally Constrained Inversion of resistivity data: Geophysical Prospecting, 53, 497–506.

Auken, E.,Christiansen, A. V., Kirkegaard, C., Fiandaca, G., Schamper, C., Behroozmand, A. A., Binley, A., Nielsen, E., Effersø, F., Christensen, N. B., Sørensen, K., Foged, N., Vignoli, G., 2015, An overview of a highly versatile forward and stable inverse algorithm for airborne, ground-based and borehole electromagnetic and electric data: Exploration Geophysics, 46, 223 – 235.

Christiansen, A.V. and Auken, E., 2012, A global measure for depth of investigation: Geophysics, vol 77, No. 4, 171-177.

GeoFysikSamarbejdet Aarhus University, 2012, Refinement of the National TEM reference model at Lyngby June 2012 (update from Nov. 2011)

Kirkegaard, C., and Auken, E., 2015, A parallel, scaleable and memory efficient inversion code for very large-scale airborne electromagnetic surveys: Geophysical Prospecting, 63, 495-507.



AUS_10031_OD_App A

A 1

Appendix A

Flight Diary



AUS_10031_OD_App A

A 2

Flight Temp (C) Wind (knot) Visibility Comment

20171109 Mob Perth to Adelaide

20171110 Mob Adelaide to Mt Gunson

20171111 Commence frame build

20171112 Frame build

20171113.01 22 1 good Calibration



20171114.01 25 2 goodProduction flight. No hi level due to generator issue.

20171114.02 30 6 good Production flight: had to land early, power drop outs and system shut down.

20171115.01 21 9 SW good Production: 5 km repeat section at start of 101302

20171115.02 23 9 SW good Production.

20171116.01 13 6 S good Production.

20171116.02 17 5 SSW good Production.

20171116.03 20 7 S good Production

20171116.04 22 8 SSW good Production

20171117 Helicopter departs to Adelaide

20171119 Helicopter returns from Adelaide

20171119.02 32 SE 3 good Production of area adjacent to the Woomera restricted area while it's quiet on a Sunday.

20171119.03 31 E 4 goodProduction finsihed off area adjacent to the Woomera restricted area. Detour around Arcoona homestead on L103600

20171120.01 25 E 5 good Production

20171120.02 32 NNE 10 good Production

20171120.03 33 NE 8 good production

20171120.04 32 N 8 good production

20171121.01 22 E 4 good production

20171121.02 30 NE10 good Production

20171121.03 33 NE10 good production

20171122.02 27 NW 8 good Production.

20171122.03 30 NNW 6 good Production, finished OD grid



AUS_10031_OD_App B

B 1

Appendix B

Line Report



AUS_10031_OD_App B

B 2

LineNumber East_Min East_Max North_Min North_Max Length LXXXXX:(M)MDDFF (m) (m) (m) (m) (km)

L100001:112004 673484.59 760030.47 6471841.78 6471861.30 86.57 L100101:112003 673477.84 731740.77 6476834.57 6476863.62 58.30 L100102:112004 727220.41 760023.28 6476839.82 6476860.86 32.82 L100201:112003 673479.32 760016.02 6481938.76 6481966.32 86.57 L100301:111604 673488.14 734273.67 6484939.69 6484962.36 60.81 L100302:112003 728776.59 760015.35 6484937.55 6484961.13 31.26 L100401:111604 673504.60 759996.07 6487938.91 6487969.14 86.55 L100501:111603 673470.27 717291.64 6490941.93 6490962.29 43.84 L100502:111604 713110.82 760012.04 6490925.74 6490960.69 46.92 L100601:111603 673499.04 760020.71 6493936.75 6493966.01 86.59 L100701:111602 673450.42 709666.77 6496940.17 6496960.49 36.23 L100702:111603 703369.82 760002.19 6496797.70 6496972.36 56.71 L100801:111602 673479.86 760006.65 6499939.83 6499970.41 86.58 L100901:111601 673475.60 706190.48 6502938.24 6502960.87 32.73 L100902:111602 701987.52 759999.22 6502937.86 6502962.07 58.03 L101001:111601 673494.28 760012.58 6505942.17 6505967.11 86.56 L101101:111501 673496.77 709072.54 6508945.18 6508975.41 35.60 L101102:111601 708193.42 759993.68 6508942.64 6508965.10 51.82 L101201:111501 673491.02 760033.88 6511936.84 6511973.82 86.62 L101301:111402 673491.28 696175.08 6514925.62 6514959.45 22.70 L101302:111501 695670.87 760002.36 6514936.87 6514967.27 64.36 L101401:111401 673481.36 759993.65 6517941.62 6517960.38 86.53 L101501:111401 708704.18 760040.94 6520938.23 6520956.16 51.34 L101502:111401 673501.24 683441.98 6520936.08 6520959.50 9.94 L101503:111402 673474.87 714033.96 6520931.37 6520959.99 40.57 L101601:111502 706280.67 760032.97 6523939.55 6523970.11 53.78 L101602:111502 673447.24 711175.13 6523940.86 6523969.92 37.75 L101701:111502 673452.70 760019.33 6526942.54 6526971.85 86.66 L101801:111902 673482.41 696389.52 6529942.23 6529966.09 22.92 L101802:112203 687583.87 760027.13 6529936.33 6529961.27 72.50 L101901:111902 673500.03 696821.35 6532938.99 6532960.83 23.34 L101902:112202 693791.44 724126.50 6532938.51 6532966.05 30.35 L101903:112203 721693.31 760010.40 6532935.87 6532956.93 38.33 L102001:111902 673459.19 698291.37 6535943.78 6535960.91 24.84 L102002:112202 691969.01 760017.54 6535935.58 6535964.65 68.10 L102101:112002 719970.93 750036.50 6537720.73 6537738.70 30.08 L102201:111902 673437.83 692522.84 6538949.59 6539069.65 19.09 L102202:112103 690193.42 738336.25 6539037.12 6539241.00 48.20 L102203:112202 734495.14 760021.65 6539214.40 6539238.51 25.54 L102301:112002 719991.18 750013.97 6540716.63 6540739.48 30.04 L102401:111902 673484.20 693915.88 6541940.66 6541971.81 20.44 L102402:112103 690924.73 759995.09 6541951.12 6542243.30 69.13 L102501:111902 676486.26 695252.23 6544396.50 6544442.85 18.78 L102502:112103 694062.06 760054.40 6543734.55 6544482.36 66.11 L102601:112002 719996.16 750070.35 6545214.36 6545240.95 30.09 L102701:111902 678973.03 695653.92 6547033.44 6547090.44 16.69 L102702:112102 730975.41 760011.21 6546713.68 6546742.23 29.05 L102703:112103 693387.46 733666.04 6546718.08 6547154.19 40.31 L102801:112002 719963.34 750015.99 6548212.96 6548236.35 30.08 L102901:112002 720014.13 750026.07 6549720.06 6549743.55 30.02 L103001:111902 678959.70 696416.44 6550669.08 6550705.85 17.46 L103002:112102 694040.32 760004.50 6550682.85 6551236.76 66.06 L103101:112002 719957.39 750031.77 6552714.95 6552736.39 30.09 L103201:111902 678989.22 697304.96 6553934.85 6553961.44 18.32 L103202:112102 693809.32 759999.28 6553922.81 6554253.25 66.23 L103301:111903 680982.55 698258.16 6556941.50 6556960.37 17.28 L103302:112101 695176.60 735040.64 6556927.83 6556958.41 39.91 L103303:112102 732187.78 760003.29 6556931.08 6556955.67 27.84 L103401:111903 681524.22 698116.25 6559851.86 6559996.10 16.60 L103402:112101 692836.88 760003.00 6558689.29 6559920.92 67.30 L103501:111903 682234.02 696999.40 6562923.99 6562949.11 14.77 L103502:112101 696467.26 760014.05 6561837.19 6562969.84 63.76



AUS_10031_OD_App B

B 3

LineNumber East_Min East_Max North_Min North_Max Length LXXXXX:(M)MDDFF (m) (m) (m) (m) (km)

L103601:111903 682873.91 698094.23 6565411.95 6565975.06 15.53 L103602:112001 696464.97 760020.24 6565928.86 6566182.67 63.60 L103701:111903 683475.14 697998.88 6569008.22 6569032.97 14.53 L103702:112001 694477.15 760028.62 6568942.45 6569015.84 65.58 L103801:111903 683989.86 699005.63 6571943.99 6571964.16 15.02 L103802:112001 695210.92 759821.80 6571930.69 6572055.90 64.66 L912001:111501 690300.05 695586.71 6514947.33 6514961.59 5.29 L912002:111601 690222.84 695336.34 6514949.57 6514969.06 5.12 L912003:111902 690265.03 695337.84 6514946.95 6514966.66 5.07 L912004:112004 690253.60 695318.02 6514944.93 6514958.68 5.07 L913001:111402 667487.15 672965.95 6511581.35 6516878.63 7.81 L913002:111501 701769.18 706581.10 6511526.31 6518408.34 8.42 L913003:111502 668521.86 670736.37 6522503.68 6525289.66 3.59 L913004:111601 703002.47 705050.20 6493727.38 6499622.68 6.26 L913005:111602 705570.43 706536.66 6494509.02 6500243.45 5.92 L913006:111603 706770.89 712639.99 6495023.82 6500418.22 8.03 L913007:111604 723897.43 728858.98 6493212.35 6498674.38 7.40 L913008:111902 681398.15 686835.54 6557901.70 6562563.75 7.20 L913009:111903 686641.26 693656.18 6567413.16 6569120.48 7.29 L913010:112001 746898.84 760358.79 6573529.36 6574631.76 13.64 L913011:112002 719136.76 727410.09 6556562.09 6565377.68 12.17 L913012:112003 711385.31 717012.46 6501499.56 6510005.74 10.25 L913013:112004 675565.89 684775.91 6482537.44 6504818.54 24.18 L913014:112101 703141.82 706045.68 6525430.91 6536859.36 11.89 L913015:112102 731856.24 736536.91 6548446.63 6550032.47 5.02 L913016:112103 724909.04 731812.73 6537668.84 6541340.14 7.95 L913017:112202 713088.49 722235.26 6525585.40 6531338.63 10.84 L913018:112203 694550.82 703133.70 6519857.05 6525773.74 10.46

Total 3262.21



AUS_10031_OD_App C

C 1

Appendix C

Repeat Lines

bc

Typewritten Text

C2

acquisition and processing report...date: 14 march 2018 doc. no.: aus_10031_od page 1 of 39...

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