acrylonitrile a briefing on the compound and issues surrounding it

ACRYLONITRILEACRYLONITRILE

A Briefing on the A Briefing on the Compound and Issues Compound and Issues

Surrounding ItSurrounding It

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• What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?What is Acrylonitrile (ACN)?

• Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?

• Issues Surrounding ACN DataIssues Surrounding ACN Data Monitoring Monitoring SourcesSources

• Next StepsNext Steps

ACRYLONITRILE CHEMICAL FORMULA

What is ACN? What is ACN?

What is ACN?What is ACN?

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS• Man-made synthetic chemical: no Man-made synthetic chemical: no

natural sourcesnatural sources• In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously In pure form, polymerizes spontaneously

and violently in the presence of sunlightand violently in the presence of sunlight• Half-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient airHalf-life of approx. 50 hrs in ambient air• Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and Reacts with hydroxyl radicals and

oxygenoxygen

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Why is ACN Important? Why is ACN Important?

RISK FROM ACRYLONITRILERISK FROM ACRYLONITRILE

• 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 2004 statewide annual average was 0.48 ppb, a risk of 300 in a millionppb, a risk of 300 in a million

• 2004 South Coast annual average was 2004 South Coast annual average was 0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million0.52 ppb, a risk of 320 in a million

• Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – Risk from diesel pm is estimated at 300 – 650 in a million650 in a million

• Risk from benzene and butadiene Risk from benzene and butadiene together is 83 in a milliontogether is 83 in a million

Why is ACN Important?Why is ACN Important?Heath Risks Associated with Acrylonitrile, Benzene, 1,3-Butadiene, and Formaldehyde

(Based on Data Collected from 7/2003 to 12/2005)

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Acrylonitrile 1,3-Butadiene Benzene Formaldehyde AN risk at LOD

AN risk at LOD (0.3 ppb)

Why is ACN Important? Why is ACN Important? 2004 South Coast Average Risk

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Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data:Data:

MonitoringMonitoringBACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

• Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066Started in July, 2003, MLD SOP066

• Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs 1-in-12 Samples in canisters collected over 24 hrs 1-in-12 days in regular TAC network using regular samplers days in regular TAC network using regular samplers in place (not cleaned)in place (not cleaned)

• Analyzed by preconcentration GC/MSAnalyzed by preconcentration GC/MS

• NIST calibration standard usedNIST calibration standard used

• Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. Lab results confirmed independently by Dr. RasmussenRasmussen

Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: MonitoringData: Monitoring

DATA ANALYSISDATA ANALYSIS• Maximum concentrations found in the Maximum concentrations found in the

summersummer

• Maximum concentrations found during the Maximum concentrations found during the periods of highest temperatureperiods of highest temperature

• No correlation with auto exhaust pollutantsNo correlation with auto exhaust pollutants

• Concentrations in 12 other states found to Concentrations in 12 other states found to be greater than in Californiabe greater than in California

Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: Data:

MonitoringMonitoring


MonitoringMonitoringSAMPLING ISSUESSAMPLING ISSUES

• Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD Parallel monitoring by ARB and SCAQMD at LA N Main in Fall of 2006at LA N Main in Fall of 2006

• Samples collected by ARB contained Samples collected by ARB contained detectable concentrations of acrylonitriledetectable concentrations of acrylonitrile

• Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained Samples collected by SCAAQMD contained no detectable acrylonitrileno detectable acrylonitrile

• Possibilities: ARB sampler creating Possibilities: ARB sampler creating acrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying itacrylonitrile or SC sampler destroying it


MonitoringMonitoringARE THE DATA REAL?ARE THE DATA REAL?

• Nist standard used, lab cross-checks Nist standard used, lab cross-checks confirm can concentrations, stable in cansconfirm can concentrations, stable in cans

• Numerous sources identifiedNumerous sources identified

• Sampler checks show no generationSampler checks show no generation

• TTP audits show losses in SCAQMD samplersTTP audits show losses in SCAQMD samplers

• Past experience with canisters show losses Past experience with canisters show losses unless active sites are passivatedunless active sites are passivated


MonitoringMonitoringRESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCERESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE

• Investigations narrowed the differences to Investigations narrowed the differences to the samplers used by SCAQMD and ARBthe samplers used by SCAQMD and ARB

• Samplers are identical, except that the ARB Samplers are identical, except that the ARB samplers have been the field for over 15 samplers have been the field for over 15 years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are years, whereas SCAQMD samplers are cleaned prior to each usecleaned prior to each use

• TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD TTP audits show ACN losses with SCAQMD samplers samplers

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SourcesSources• Emission inventory contains little Emission inventory contains little

information on emissionsinformation on emissions

• No acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CANo acrylonitrile manufacturing use in CA

• Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of Acrylonitrile used in a wide variety of polymers, paints, adhesives, and fiberspolymers, paints, adhesives, and fibers

• Auto partsAuto parts

• Polymer extruding operations?Polymer extruding operations?


SourcesSourcesGRAB SAMPLINGGRAB SAMPLING

• Grab samples taken in three Grab samples taken in three Sacramento homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppbSacramento homes: <0.3, 0.6, <0.3 ppb

• Grab sample taken in cab of truck on Grab sample taken in cab of truck on car lot: 6 ppbcar lot: 6 ppb

• Grab sample taken in private garage: Grab sample taken in private garage: 11 ppb11 ppb

• It really is thereIt really is there


SourcesSources

• ABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gmABS Polymer 4.4 ug/gm

• ABS Pipe 11 ug/gmABS Pipe 11 ug/gm

• ABS Plate 5 ug/gmABS Plate 5 ug/gm

• Acrylic glue 47 ug/gmAcrylic glue 47 ug/gm

• Latex Paint 0.4 ug/gmLatex Paint 0.4 ug/gm

• Enamel Paint 1.2 ug/gmEnamel Paint 1.2 ug/gm

• N Gloves 1.5 N Gloves 1.5 ug/gmug/gm

• Carpet 0.3 Carpet 0.3 ug/gmug/gm

• Sheet Vinyl 0.3 Sheet Vinyl 0.3 ug/gmug/gm

• Ceramic Glue 0.2 Ceramic Glue 0.2 ug/gmug/gm

• Fingernail Polish 12 Fingernail Polish 12 ug/gmug/gm

FLUX CHAMBER FLUX CHAMBER EMISSIONSEMISSIONS

Issues Surrounding ACN Issues Surrounding ACN Data: SourcesData: Sources

OTHER PUBLISHED WORKOTHER PUBLISHED WORK

Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Evolved During Organic Compounds Evolved During Thermal Processing of ABS Thermal Processing of ABS Composite ResinsComposite Resins. Cantos, et. al., . Cantos, et. al., JAWMA, 45, 686-694.JAWMA, 45, 686-694.Acrylonitrile SourceAcrylonitrile Source Concentration Concentration

ug/gmug/gm

Auto PartsAuto Parts 5.745.74

PipePipe 9.759.75

RefrigerationRefrigeration 10.410.4

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NEXT STEPSNEXT STEPS

• New samplers are to be challenged with New samplers are to be challenged with acrylonitrile to determine the extent of acrylonitrile to determine the extent of passivation requiredpassivation required

• The acrylonitrile working group should The acrylonitrile working group should be re-activated and efforts to determine be re-activated and efforts to determine sources of acrylonitrile be continuedsources of acrylonitrile be continued

• Other groups nationally (NATTS) should Other groups nationally (NATTS) should be advisedbe advised

acrylonitrile a briefing on the compound and issues surrounding it

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