ACTIONLINE TRAINING2007

A BASIC GUIDE TO TRUCKS AND TRUCK TYRES

THE TRUCK

THE TRUCK

Wheel Positions

TRUCK WHEEL POSITIONS THIS IS A RIGID

NEAR SIDE FRONT OFF SIDE FRONT

NEAR SIDE REAR OUTER NEAR SIDE REAR INNER

OFF SIDE REAR OUTER

OFF SIDE REAR INNER

THIS IS A TRACTOR UNIT (4X2) (WITH A SINGLE STEER AXLE)

TRUCK WHEEL POSITIONS

NEAR SIDE FRONT OFF SIDE FRONT

NEAR SIDE REAR OUTER

NEAR SIDE REAR INNER

OFF SIDE REAR OUTER

OFF SIDE REAR INNER

THIS IS A TRACTOR UNIT OR A 6X2(WITH SECOND STEER AXLE)

NEAR SIDE FRONT 2nd axle OFF SIDE FRONT 2nd axle

TRUCK WHEEL POSITIONS

NEAR SIDE FRONT OFF SIDE FRONT

NEAR SIDE REAR OUTER 3RD AXLE

OFF SIDE REAR INNER3RD AXLE

OFF SIDE REAR OUTER3RD AXLE

THESE ARE TIPPERS (8X4)(WITH SECOND STEER AXLE)

THIS WITH OUT ITS BODY

NEAR SIDE FRONT 2nd axle

OFF SIDE FRONT 2nd axle

NEAR SIDE REAR OUTER4TH AXLENEAR SIDE REAR INNER4TH AXLE

OFF SIDE REAR OUTER4TH AXLE OFF SIDE REAR INNER4TH AXLE

NEAR SIDE REAR INNER 3RD AXLE

TRUCK WHEEL POSITIONS

A1 A2

C1 C2

C3

C4

B1 B2

D1

D2

D3

D4

THIS ALTERNATIVE MIGHT BE GIVEN AS WELL REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF AXLES OR VEHICLE TYPE.THIS WAS STARTED BECAUSE IF THE VEHICLE WAS IN EUROPE THERE COULD BE A MIX UP OVER THE NEAR SIDE / OFF SIDE AS THEY DRIVE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE ROAD !(INTERNALLY TRUCKFORCE USE THIS SYSTEM)

TRAILER WHEEL POSITIONS

NEAR SIDE FRONT(or 1st axle)

OFF SIDE FRONT (or 1st axle)

OFF SIDE REAR (or 3RD axle)

THESE ARE A TRI AXLE TRAILERS (ON 385/65/22.5)385/65/22.5 TYRES ARE OFTEN CALLED SUPER SINGLES

(TRI AXLE TRAILERSCAN BE ON SMALLERTYRES AS WELL)

NEAR SIDE MIDDLE (or 2nd axle)

OFF SIDE MIDDLE (or 2nd axle)

NEAR SIDE REAR (or 3RD axle)

TRAILER WHEEL POSITIONSWHILST A LOT OF TRAILERS ARE TRI AXLESAND ON 385/65/22.5 NOT ALL ARE. EG THERE STILL SOME OLD TRAILERS AROUND WHICH HAVE TWINS TYRES AND 2 AXLES AND ARE ON 11.22.5 HERE ARE SOME OTHER COMMON TRAILER SIZES :-215/75/17.5 J235/75/17.5 J245/70/17.5 J245/70/19.5 J265/70/19.5 J285/70/19.5 J435/50/19.5 JAND THERE ARE PLENTY OF OTHERS.

THE TYRE

CONTENTS

• SIDEWALL MARKINGS• WHAT DO THE NUMBERS ON TYRE SIZES MEAN

• SPEED AND LOAD RATINGS

• TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS, HOW TO RECOGNISE WHICH ARE STEER ,DRIVE AND TRAILER PATTERNS ON :-

• 1,GOODYEAR TYRES• 2,DUNLOP TYRES• 3,FULDA TYRES• 4,SAVA TYRES

• RETREADS

WHAT DO TYRE SIZES MEAN

WHAT DO THE NUMBERS ON A TYRE SIZE ACTUALLY MEAN

• TYRE SIZES ARE NORMALLY SPLIT INTO 3 PARTS• IE :- 315/80/22.5• THE FIRST IS 315 THIS IS THE SECTION WIDTH IN (MILLIMETRES)• THIS IS THE WIDTH OF THE TYRE AT ITS WIDEST POINT (WHEN INFLATED ON THE RIM)

• THE SECOND 80 IS THE ASPECT RATIO • THE SECTION HIGHT AS A% OF THE SECTION WIDTH

• THE LAST 22.5• THIS IS THE WHEEL DIAMETER IN INCHES

• THIS IS THE SAME PRINCIPLE FOR CAR AND VAN AS WELL AS TRUCK TYRES

Position 1

TYRE MARKINGS

The tire section width is the linear distance in millimeters or inches between the outsides of the sidewalls of an inflated tire excluding elevations due to labeling (markings), decorations, or protective bands or rims.

Loaded Section

Section Width (SW)

SO THE FIRST NUMBER OF THE SIZE 315/80/22.5 IS 315 THIS IS THE WIDTH OF THE TYRE NORMALLY MEASURED IN MILLIMETRES. ALTHOUGH TYRES ARE SLIGHTLY FATTER IN THE MIDDLE THINK OF THIS SIZE AS THE TREAD WIDTH

TYRE MARKINGS

Position 2

TYRE MARKINGS

Section height is half the difference between the overall diameter and the nominal rim diameter, expressed in % of tire width. In the course of tire history the shape of the tire has changed from an almost circular tire to flatter, wider tires. This has changed the relationship or aspect ratio (a/r) of the tire section height to the section width from 100% to 70%, 60%, 50%, and even lower.

Loaded Section

Section Width (SW)

SO THE SECOND NUMBER OF THE SIZE 315/80/22.5 IS 80 THIS IS CALLED THE ASPECT RATIOWHAT THIS IS IN LAYMANS TERMS IS THE HIGHT FROM THE WHEEL TO THE GROUND AS A % OF THE WIDTH OF THE TREAD AREA.SO THIS IS 80% OF THIS

TYRE MARKINGS

Position 4

TYRE MARKINGS

This diagram shows the actual point of measurement which determines the nominal rim diameter.

Rim diameters are measured both in inches or millimeters. For conversion purposes, 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Rim diameter

22.5 indicates the rim (wheel) diameter.

TYRE MARKINGS

Loaded Section

Section Width (SW)

THE THIRD NUMBER OF THE SIZE 315/80/22.5 IS 22.5 THIS IS THE WHEEL DIAMETER MEASURED IN INCHES (P.S. WHEELS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED RIMS)

LOAD AND SPEED RATING

TYRE MARKINGS

THE LOAD RATING ON THIS TYRE IS 156/150 THE REASON THERE ARE TWO NUMBERS IS THE HIGHER NUMBER IS IF THE TYRE IS NOT PAIRED TOGETHER SO HEAT CAN ESCAPE BOTH SIDES OF THE TYRE.THE SPEED RATING ON TRUCKS IS ONE OF J,K,L,OR M (see next slides)

SPEED RATINGSTHE SPEED RATING ON TRUCK TYRES IS NORMALLY L OR M FOR TRUCKS AND J FOR TRAILERS. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT TRAILERS IN 17.5” OR 19.5” GET FITTED WITH J RATED TYRES AS 17.5 & 19.5 SIZES COME IN J AND L OR M. AND CONVERSELY TRUCKS MUST NOT GET FITTED WITH J RATED TYRES.(TRAILER TYRES ON 385/65/22.5 ALTHOUGH YOU CAN GET A STEER TYRE IN THIS SIZE THERE IS NO WRONG SPEED RATING ).

LOAD RATINGSAS WELL AS THE SPEED RATING ON TRUCK TYRES THERE IS A LOAD RATING EG 315/80/22.5 156 L THIS IS JUST AN INDEX NUMBER RELATING TO A TABLE (BELOW) WHICH GIVES THE LOAD A TYRE CAN CARRY. BUT AS FAR AS YOU ARE CONCERNED AS LONG AS YOU WORK WITH THE SPEED RATING THE LOAD RATING WILL BE RIGHT.

LI KG LI KG LI KG LI KG LI KG LI KG LI45 40 140 80 450 120 1400 160 4500 200 14000 240

1 46.2 41 145 81 462 121 1450 161 4625 201 14500 2412 47.5 42 150 82 475 122 1500 162 4750 202 15000 2423 48.7 43 155 83 488 123 1550 163 4875 203 15500 2434 50 44 160 84 500 124 1600 164 5000 204 16000 2445 51.5 45 165 85 515 125 1650 165 5150 205 16500 2456 53 46 170 86 530 126 1700 166 5300 206 17000 2467 54.5 47 175 87 545 127 1750 167 5450 207 17500 2478 56 48 180 88 560 128 1800 168 5600 208 18000 2489 58 49 185 89 580 129 1850 169 5800 209 18500 249

10 60 50 190 90 600 130 1900 170 6000 210 19000 25011 61.5 51 195 91 615 131 1950 171 6150 211 19500 25112 63 52 200 92 630 132 2000 172 6300 212 20000 25213 65 53 206 93 650 133 2060 173 6500 213 20600 25314 67 54 212 94 670 134 2120 174 6700 214 21200 25415 69 55 218 95 690 135 2180 175 6900 215 21800 25516 71 56 224 96 710 136 2240 176 7100 216 22400 25617 73 57 230 97 730 137 2300 177 7300 217 23000 25718 75 58 236 98 750 138 2360 178 7500 218 23600 25819 77.5 59 243 99 775 139 2430 179 7750 219 24300 25920 80 60 250 100 800 140 2500 180 8000 220 25000 26021 82.5 61 257 101 825 141 2575 181 8250 221 25750 26122 85 62 265 102 850 142 2650 182 8500 222 26500 26223 87.5 63 272 103 875 143 2725 183 8750 223 27250 26324 90 64 280 104 900 144 2800 184 9000 224 28000 26425 92.5 65 290 105 925 145 2900 185 9250 225 29000 26526 95 66 300 106 950 146 3000 186 9500 226 30000 26627 97.5 67 307 107 975 147 3075 187 9750 227 30750 26728 100 68 315 108 1000 148 3150 188 10000 228 31500 26829 103 69 325 109 1030 149 3250 189 10300 229 32500 26930 106 70 335 110 1060 150 3350 190 10600 230 33500 27031 109 71 345 111 1090 151 3450 191 10900 231 34500 27132 112 72 355 112 1120 152 3550 192 11200 232 35500 27233 115 73 365 113 1150 153 3650 193 11500 233 36500 27334 118 74 375 114 1180 154 3750 194 11800 234 37500 27435 121 75 387 115 1210 155 3875 195 12100 235 38750 27536 125 76 400 116 1250 156 4000 196 12500 236 40000 27637 128 77 412 117 1280 157 4125 197 12800 237 41250 27738 133 78 425 118 1325 158 4250 198 13250 238 42500 27839 136 79 437 119 1360 159 4375 199 13600 239 43750 279

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNSTYRE PATTERN TYPES BASICALLY COVER 3 DISTINCT WHEEL POSITIONS

STEER DRIVE TRAILER

Drive tyres are made up of blocks of tread to give grip

Available in New or Retread

If nothing else is available you can fit a steer tyre to a drive

position, but only as a last resort

Trailer tyres – like Steer tyres are straight grooves

Available in New or Retread

DO NOT fit ‘retreads’ to a tanker trailer

Steer tyres are always straight grooves.

Steer Tyre must only be new – not retread

You can not fit a ‘drive’ tyre to a steer position

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNSHOW TO TELL WHICH PATTERNS ARE STEER, DRIVE AND TRAILER

WITH GOODYEAR ITS EASY JUST LOOK AT THE LAST LETTER

LHS = LONG HAUL STEERRHS = REGIONAL HAUL STEERMSS = MIXED SERVICE STEER (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS)FOR BREAKDOWNS EITHER IS OK BUT TRY TO FIT CUSTOMERNORMAL PATTERN IF BOTH AVAILABLE

LHD = LONG HAUL DRIVERHD = REGIONAL HAUL DRIVEMSD = MIXED SERVICE DRIVE (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS) PATTERN AVAILABLE IN NEW AND RETREADFOR BREAKDOWNS EITHER PATTERN IS OK

LHT = LONG HAUL TRAILERRHT = REGIONAL HAUL TRAILERMST= MIXED SERVICE TRAILER(TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS) PATTERN AVAILABLE IN NEW AND RETREADFOR BREAKDOWNS EITHER PATTERN IS OK

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS

STEE

RD

RIV

ETR

AIL

ER

MUNICIPALOFF ROADMIXED SERVICESHORT HAUL WINTERLONG HAUL

SP352 SP36_SP37_SP39_SP382SP341

SP452 SP46_SP47_SP49_SP482SP442

SP252 SP29_SP282SP242

S P _ _ _AXLE POSITION3 - STEER4 - DRIVE2 - TRAILER

APPLICATION TYPE5 - LONG HAUL4 - REGIONAL HAUL8 - MIXED SERVICE9 - OFFROAD7 - MUNICIPAL6 - WINTER TRACTION

DESIGNGENERATION

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS

SP 344

SP444

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNSHOW TO TELL WHICH PATTERNS ARE STEER, DRIVE AND TRAILER

FULDA NOT OFTEN AVAILABLE BUT OK IF NO GOODYEAR OR DUNLOP AVAILABLE NEXT BEST

TYRE

ECO CONTROL = LONG HAUL STEERREGIONAL CONTROL = REGIONAL HAUL STEERVARIO CONTROL = MIXED SERVICE STEER (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS)(FOR BREAKDOWNS EITHER PATTERN IS OK) (SO CONTROL = STEER)

ECO FORCE = LONG HAUL DRIVEREGIO FORCE = REGIONAL HAUL DRIVEVARIO FORCE = MIXED SERVICE DRIVE (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS)(FOR BREAKDOWNS EITHER PATTERN IS OK) (SO FORCE = DRIVE)

ECO TONN = REGIONAL HAUL TRAILERVARIO TONN = MIXED SERVICE TRAILER (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS) (SO TONN = TRAILER)

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNSHOW TO TELL WHICH PATTERNS ARE STEER, DRIVE AND TRAILER

SAVA GOODYEAR’S ECONOMY TYRE BRAND

AVANT A3 = STEER

ORJAK O3 = DRIVE

CARGO PLUS = REGIONAL HAUL TRAILER(17.5 & 19.5)CARGO C3 = REGIONAL HAUL TRAILER(22.5)CARGO MS = MIXED SERVICE TRAILER (TIPPER TYRE NOT FOR NORMAL TRUCKS)

NO CLEVER WAY TO REMEMBER THESE PATTERNS

TRUCK TYRE PATTERNS

TRUCK TYRE RETREADS•NEXT TREAD IS GOODYEAR DUNLOP’S BRAND NAME FOR RETREADS

•REMIX IS MICHELIN’S NAME FOR RETREADS

RETREADS COME IN TWO TYPES

•MOULD CURE (ALSO CALLED BEAD TO BEAD OR HOT CURE)

•PRE CURE (ALSO CALLED TOP CAPS OR COLD CURES)

•EITHER ARE OK FOR BREAKDOWNS ALTHOUGH IF POSSIBLE FIT MOULD CURE AS THEY ARE CHEAPER.•THERE ARE SOME COMPANIES THAT JUST MAKE RETREADS•BANDVULC (BOTH TYPES)•VACULUG (BOTH TYPES)•BANDAG (PRE CURE ONLY)

DO NOT FIT A RETREAD TO A STEER

TRUCK TYRE RETREADS

MOULD CURE RETREADS LOOK PRE CURES HAVE ALIKE A NEW TYRE NEW AS NEW TREAD BONDED ON THE WORN TYRE IS PUT IN A THE SIDEWALL IS LEFT MOULD THE SAME AS A HOW A UNTOUCHEDNEW TYRE IS MADE

ANY QUESTIONS

?