activated sludge system
TRANSCRIPT
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Activated Sludge SystemSBR, EA and Conventional Plants
Prof. ZAINI UJ ANGPhD (Newcastle), MIEM, C.Eng.(UK), C.Sci. (UK). C.E.W.M. (UK), DNS, PPT
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru
[email protected] / http://web.utm.my/ipasa
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Presentation Outline
Terminology
Approach in design
Sequencing batch reactors
Extended aeration Conventional activated
sludge
WASDA as a design tool
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Terminology
Activated sludge Biofilm
Biological treatment
processes in which themicroorganisms
responsible for the
conversion of the organicmatter or other
constituents in the
wastewater to gases andcell tissue are maintainedin suspension within the
liquid.
Biological treatment processes in
which the microorganismsresponsible for the conversion of
the organic matter, or other
constituents in the wastewater togases and cell tissue are
attached to some inert medium,
such as rocks, slag, or speciallydesigned ceramic or plasticmaterials.
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
General ObjectivesSmall and Decentralized WWTP
To protect public health
To protect receiving environment from
degradation or contamination
To reduce costs of treatment by retaining
water and solids near their point of origin
through reuse
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Wastewater Treatment Systems
Physical process (sedimentation, screening, membrane etc)
Chemical process (coagulation, neutralization etc)
Biological process (activated sludge, biofilm)
Hybrid(wetland, MBR etc)
i i i b i l
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Biological Wastewater Treatment
Processes Systems
Aerobic Activated sludge (suspended
Anaerobic growth)
Facultative Biofilm (attached growth)
Anoxic Pond system Natural system
Hybrid system
WET P Bi E i i 17 S t b 2005 UTM Cit C K l L
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Decentralized WWTP
Intermittent Decanted Extended Aeration
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Decentralized WWTPSBR (Taman Sri Sentosa, JB)
Bio-weapon storage?
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Process Theory(i) Completely-mixed reactor
(ii) Plug-flow reactor
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Process Theory(i) Completely-Mixed Reactor
Qo-Qw, Se, XeQo, S
o, X
o
Qu, Xu
Qw, Xu
QR, Xu
Qo+QR, S, X
Bioreactor
Secondary
clarifier
V, X, S
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass Balance for Completely Mixed Reactor
Biomass in + Biomass growth = Biomass out
( ) uwewods
ooo XQXQQXk
SK
XSkVXQ +=
+
+
Food in Food consumed = Food out
( ) SQSQQSKYSXk
VSQ wwos
ooo +=++ )(
Qo, Qr, Qw = influent, return and waste-sludge flow rate, m3/d
Xo, X, Xe, Xu = biomass concentration in influent, reactor, effluent, underflow, mg/l
So, S = soluble food concentration in influent and reactor, mg/l
V = volume, m3
Ks = half saturation constant I.e. concentration of limiting food when k = 0.5 ko, mg/l
ko = maximum growth rate constant, t-1
kd = endogenous decay rate constant, t -1Y = yield, i.e. decimal fraction of food mass converted to biomass
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass balanceBiomass
( ) uwewods
ooo XQXQQXk
SK
XSkVXQ +=
++
duw
s
o k
VX
XQ
SK
Sk+=
+
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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g p g g p y p , p
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass balanceFood (Substrate)
( ) SQSQQSKY
SXkVSQ wwo
s
ooo +=
++
)(
( )SSX
Y
V
Q
SK
Sko
o
s
o =
+
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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14
g p g g p y p p
Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations
( ) doouw kSS
X
Y
V
Q
VX
XQ=
oQ
V=Hydraulic retention time:
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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15Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations
( ) doouw kSS
X
Y
V
Q
VX
XQ=
uw
c
XQ
VX=Solid retention time or sludge age:
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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16Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations
do
c
k
X
SSY
=
)(1
( )
)1( cd
oc
k
SSYX
+
=Mixed-liquor suspended solid:
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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17Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Process Theory(ii) Plug-flow reactor
Qo-Qw, Se, Xe
X, S
Qo+QR, Se, X
Secondary
clarifier
Qo
, So
, Xo
Qu, Xu
Qw, XuQR, Xu
Bioreactor
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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18Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass Balance for Plug-Flow Reactor
( ))1(
_
cd
oc
kSSYX
+
=Average MLSS:
Food utilization:
SK
XS
Y
kr
s
os
+=
_
X = average biomass concentration in the reactor.
Both equations are applicable only when c/ 5
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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19Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Mass Balance for Plug-Flow Reactor
Integrating the food utilization equation over detention time in the
reactor and substituting the appropriate boundary conditions
and recycle factor yields:
( )
( ) ( )( )d
iso
oo
c
k
SSKSS
SSk
+
=
/ln1
1
Where = recycle factor, Q/QrSi = concentration of substrate after mixing with recycled sludge, mg/l
+
+=
1
SSS oi
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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20Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Design Considerations
Internal factors:
- Process variations
- Reactors types
- Technology know-how
External factors:
- Construction costs
- Operation & maintenance difficulties and costs- Space limitations
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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21Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Major Design Parameters
Activated sludge system
Solid retention time (SRT)
Organic loading rate (OLR)
Food-to-Microorganism ratio (S/X)
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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22Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Retention Time
Solid retention time (SRT)
Hydraulic retention time (HRT)
HRT = the residence timefor the liquid fraction in
the bioreactor
Flowrate
VolumeHRT=
SRT = ratio of the amount of biomassin inventory within the system to the
growth rate of new microorganisms (Rg):
daysR
MSRT
g
=
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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23Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Solid Retention Time
Within the limits, a longer SRT results in:
More efficient biodegradation
Smaller reactor size
Lower cost
If SRT drops below the cell regeneration time,biomass will wash out faster than it forms new
cells.
Rule-of-thumb (without experimental data):SRT = 20-30 days with X < 5000 mg/L
Higher SRT clarifier failure
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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24Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Common Design and Process Variations of
Activated Sludge Systems
Step aeration
Tapered aeration
Contact stabilization
Pure-oxygen activated sludge Oxidation ditch
High rate
Extended aeration
Sequencing batch reactor
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
STEP AERATION
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25Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
STEP AERATIONInfluent addition at intermediate points provides more uniform organic
removal throughout tank
Secondaryclarifier
Influent
Compressed air
Return activated sludge
Effluent
Excess sludge
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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26Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
TAPERED AERATION
Air is added in proportion to BOD exerted
Compressed air
Secondaryclarifier
Effluent
Influent
ExcesssludgeReturn activated sludge
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
CO AC S A A O
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27Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
CONTACT STABILIZATIONBiomass adsorbs organics in contact basin and settles out in secondary clarifier; the
thickened sludge is aerated before being return to the contact basin
Secondary
clarifier
Excess
sludge
EffluentInfluent
Contact basin
Reactor
Return
sludge
Compressed air
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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28Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
PURE OXYGEN ACTIVATED SLUDGE
Oxygen added under pressure keeps dissolved oxygen level high
Pure oxygen Oxygen return
Secondaryclarifier
Influent
Excess
sludge
Effluent
Return sludge
Reactor
Waste gas
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
HIGH RATE
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29Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
HIGH RATEShort detention time and high F/M ratio in aerator to
maintain culture in log-growth phase
Secondaryclarifier
Excess
sludge
EffluentInfluent
Reactor
Return sludge
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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30Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
EXTENDED AERATIONLong detention time and low F/M ratio in aerator to
maintain culture in endogenous phase
Secondaryclarifier
Excess
sludge
EffluentInfluent
Reactor
Return sludge (omitted in some system)
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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31Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
OXIDATION DITCH
Similar to extended aeration, except the aeration is done bybrush-type aerators, thus reducing electricity
Brush-type aerators
Influent
Effluent
Return sludge
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32Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS
Only one reactor for both aerobic and anaerobic processes,thus reduce capital cost
ReactFill Settle Decant Idle
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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33Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Design Parameters
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34Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Process
Modification
c,d F/M lbBOD5/lb
MLVSS.d
Volumetric
loading rate,
lb BOD5/
103 ft3.d
V/Q, h Qr/QMLSS,mg/l
Conventional
plug flow
3-15 0.2-0.6 20-40 1000-3000 4-8 0.25-0.75
Complete mix 0.75-15 0.2-1.0 50-120 800-6500 3.5 0.25-1.0
Step feed 3-15 0.2-0.5 40-60 1500-3500 3-5 0.25-0.75
Single-stagenitrification
8-20 0.10-0.20(0.02-0.15)*
5-20 1500-3500 6-15 0.50-1.50
Separate stage
nitrification
15-100 0.05-0.20
(0.04-0.15)*
3-9 1500-3500 3-6 0.50-2.00
Design Parameters
Continue
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Continue
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35Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Continue
ProcessModification
c,d F/Mlb BOD5/lb
MLVSS.d
Volumetricloading rate, lbBOD5/ 10
3ft3.d
V/Q, h Qr/QMLSS,mg/l
ContactStabilization 5-15 0.2-0.6 60-75 (1000-3000)(4000-9000)(0.5-1.0)
(3-6)0.5-1.50
Extended Aeration 20-40 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 18-36 0.5-1.50
Oxidation Ditch 3-15 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 8-36 0.5-1.50
Intermittent
decanted extended
aeration
8-20 0.04-0.08 5-15 2000-8000 20-40 N/A
Sequencing Batch
Reactor
15-100 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 12-50 N/A
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Applications of Aerobic Activated Sludge Processes
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36Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Aerobicprocesses
Common name Uses
Activated sludge - CAS
- Aerated lagoons
- Aerobic digestion
- Carbonaceous BODremoval
- Nitrification
Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)
- CAS with tricklingfilter
- Carbonaceous BODremoval
- Nitrification
Note: CAS = conventional activated sludge
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Applications of Anoxic Activated Sludge Processes
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37Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Anoxic processes Common name UsesActivated sludge - Denitrification
activated sludge- Denitirifcation
Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)
- Activated sludgewith trickling filter
- Denitrification
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Applications of Anaerobic Activated Sludge Processes
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38Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Anoxic processes Common name UsesActivated sludge - Denitrification
activated sludge- Denitirifcation
Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)
- Activated sludgewith trickling filter
- Denitrification
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
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39Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Approach in Design Standardized design manuals
Generic design manuals (e.g. Metcalf& Eddy)
Code of practice (e.g. MS 1228)
Modeling and simulation
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Common design objectives
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40Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
for municipal WWTP
Organic removal (carbonaceous BOD) Organic removal + nitrification
Organic removal + (nitrification +denitrification) (N removal)
Organic removal + nitrification +
denitrification + P removal (N & P removal)
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Common design objectives for
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41Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
industrial WWTP
Organic removal
Organic removal + specific pollutants
Removal of persistent organics
Specific pollutants
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Designh
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42Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Wastewater characterization. Define designobjectives
Select number of SBR tanks
Select react/aeration, settling, and decant times.Determine fill time and total time per cycle. Determinethe number of cycle per day
From the number of cycles per day, determine the fillvolume per cycle
Select MLSS concentration and determine the fillvolume fraction relative to total tank volume.Determine the decant depth. Using the computeddepth, determine the SBR tank volume. Continue
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in DesignS i B h R
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43Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Determine the SRT
Determine the amount of TKN added that is nitrified
Calculate the nitrifier biomass concentration anddetermine if the aeration time selected is sufficient for
nitrification efficiency needed
Adjust the design as needed additional iterationsmay be done
Determine decant pumping rate
Continue
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in DesignS i B h R
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44Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Determine the oxygen required and average
transfer rate
Determine the amount of sludge production
Calculate the F/M and BOD volumetricloading
Evaluate alkalinity needs
Prepare design summary
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in DesignS i B t h R t
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45Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Manual exercise WASDA simulation
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Design
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46Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
pp gExtended Aeration
Wastewater characterization. Define design objectives
Determine the design loading Determine the size of the reactor required and check the
actual detention time and organic loading rate
Determine oxygen requirement
Determine area of secondary sedimentation tank and checkthe solids loading rate
Determine waste sludge production with certain level of
yield value for a process with primary sedimentation
Continue
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Design
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47Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
pp gExtended Aeration
Determine the maximum growth rate for nitrifying
organisms under the stated operating conditions Determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, k
Determine the design substrate utilization factor, U
Determine the concentration of ammonia in the effluent
Determine the required hydraulic detention time for
nitrification
Calculate the denitrification rate
Calculate the required residence time for denitrification Combine the detention time required for nitrification and
denitrification
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Design
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48Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
pp gExtended Aeration
Manual exercise
WASDA simulation
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Design
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49Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Conventional activated sludge for organic removal
and nitrification
Determine the maximum growth rate for nitrifying
organisms under certain operating conditions
Determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, k
Determine the minimum and design SRT
Determine the design substrate utilization factor, U Determine the concentration of ammonia in effluent
Determine substrate removal rate for activated sludge
process Determine the required HRT for BOD oxidation and
nitrification
WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur
Approach in Design
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7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System
50/50
50Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Approach in DesignConventional activated sludge for organic removal
and nitrification
Manual exercise
WASDA simulation