activated sludge system

Upload: rindbergh-develos

Post on 14-Apr-2018

235 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    1/50

    1

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Activated Sludge SystemSBR, EA and Conventional Plants

    Prof. ZAINI UJ ANGPhD (Newcastle), MIEM, C.Eng.(UK), C.Sci. (UK). C.E.W.M. (UK), DNS, PPT

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru

    [email protected] / http://web.utm.my/ipasa

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    2/50

    2

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Presentation Outline

    Terminology

    Approach in design

    Sequencing batch reactors

    Extended aeration Conventional activated

    sludge

    WASDA as a design tool

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    3/50

    3

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Terminology

    Activated sludge Biofilm

    Biological treatment

    processes in which themicroorganisms

    responsible for the

    conversion of the organicmatter or other

    constituents in the

    wastewater to gases andcell tissue are maintainedin suspension within the

    liquid.

    Biological treatment processes in

    which the microorganismsresponsible for the conversion of

    the organic matter, or other

    constituents in the wastewater togases and cell tissue are

    attached to some inert medium,

    such as rocks, slag, or speciallydesigned ceramic or plasticmaterials.

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    4/50

    4

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    General ObjectivesSmall and Decentralized WWTP

    To protect public health

    To protect receiving environment from

    degradation or contamination

    To reduce costs of treatment by retaining

    water and solids near their point of origin

    through reuse

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    5/50

    5

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Wastewater Treatment Systems

    Physical process (sedimentation, screening, membrane etc)

    Chemical process (coagulation, neutralization etc)

    Biological process (activated sludge, biofilm)

    Hybrid(wetland, MBR etc)

    i i i b i l

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    6/50

    6

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Biological Wastewater Treatment

    Processes Systems

    Aerobic Activated sludge (suspended

    Anaerobic growth)

    Facultative Biofilm (attached growth)

    Anoxic Pond system Natural system

    Hybrid system

    WET P Bi E i i 17 S t b 2005 UTM Cit C K l L

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    7/50

    7

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Decentralized WWTP

    Intermittent Decanted Extended Aeration

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    8/50

    8

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Decentralized WWTPSBR (Taman Sri Sentosa, JB)

    Bio-weapon storage?

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    9/50

    9

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Process Theory(i) Completely-mixed reactor

    (ii) Plug-flow reactor

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    10/50

    10

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Process Theory(i) Completely-Mixed Reactor

    Qo-Qw, Se, XeQo, S

    o, X

    o

    Qu, Xu

    Qw, Xu

    QR, Xu

    Qo+QR, S, X

    Bioreactor

    Secondary

    clarifier

    V, X, S

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    11/50

    11

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass Balance for Completely Mixed Reactor

    Biomass in + Biomass growth = Biomass out

    ( ) uwewods

    ooo XQXQQXk

    SK

    XSkVXQ +=

    +

    +

    Food in Food consumed = Food out

    ( ) SQSQQSKYSXk

    VSQ wwos

    ooo +=++ )(

    Qo, Qr, Qw = influent, return and waste-sludge flow rate, m3/d

    Xo, X, Xe, Xu = biomass concentration in influent, reactor, effluent, underflow, mg/l

    So, S = soluble food concentration in influent and reactor, mg/l

    V = volume, m3

    Ks = half saturation constant I.e. concentration of limiting food when k = 0.5 ko, mg/l

    ko = maximum growth rate constant, t-1

    kd = endogenous decay rate constant, t -1Y = yield, i.e. decimal fraction of food mass converted to biomass

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    12/50

    12

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass balanceBiomass

    ( ) uwewods

    ooo XQXQQXk

    SK

    XSkVXQ +=

    ++

    duw

    s

    o k

    VX

    XQ

    SK

    Sk+=

    +

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    13/50

    13

    g p g g p y p , p

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass balanceFood (Substrate)

    ( ) SQSQQSKY

    SXkVSQ wwo

    s

    ooo +=

    ++

    )(

    ( )SSX

    Y

    V

    Q

    SK

    Sko

    o

    s

    o =

    +

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    14/50

    14

    g p g g p y p p

    Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations

    ( ) doouw kSS

    X

    Y

    V

    Q

    VX

    XQ=

    oQ

    V=Hydraulic retention time:

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    15/50

    15Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations

    ( ) doouw kSS

    X

    Y

    V

    Q

    VX

    XQ=

    uw

    c

    XQ

    VX=Solid retention time or sludge age:

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    16/50

    16Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass balanceCombining biomass and food equations

    do

    c

    k

    X

    SSY

    =

    )(1

    ( )

    )1( cd

    oc

    k

    SSYX

    +

    =Mixed-liquor suspended solid:

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    17/50

    17Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Process Theory(ii) Plug-flow reactor

    Qo-Qw, Se, Xe

    X, S

    Qo+QR, Se, X

    Secondary

    clarifier

    Qo

    , So

    , Xo

    Qu, Xu

    Qw, XuQR, Xu

    Bioreactor

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    18/50

    18Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass Balance for Plug-Flow Reactor

    ( ))1(

    _

    cd

    oc

    kSSYX

    +

    =Average MLSS:

    Food utilization:

    SK

    XS

    Y

    kr

    s

    os

    +=

    _

    X = average biomass concentration in the reactor.

    Both equations are applicable only when c/ 5

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    19/50

    19Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Mass Balance for Plug-Flow Reactor

    Integrating the food utilization equation over detention time in the

    reactor and substituting the appropriate boundary conditions

    and recycle factor yields:

    ( )

    ( ) ( )( )d

    iso

    oo

    c

    k

    SSKSS

    SSk

    +

    =

    /ln1

    1

    Where = recycle factor, Q/QrSi = concentration of substrate after mixing with recycled sludge, mg/l

    +

    +=

    1

    SSS oi

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    20/50

    20Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Design Considerations

    Internal factors:

    - Process variations

    - Reactors types

    - Technology know-how

    External factors:

    - Construction costs

    - Operation & maintenance difficulties and costs- Space limitations

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    21/50

    21Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Major Design Parameters

    Activated sludge system

    Solid retention time (SRT)

    Organic loading rate (OLR)

    Food-to-Microorganism ratio (S/X)

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    22/50

    22Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Retention Time

    Solid retention time (SRT)

    Hydraulic retention time (HRT)

    HRT = the residence timefor the liquid fraction in

    the bioreactor

    Flowrate

    VolumeHRT=

    SRT = ratio of the amount of biomassin inventory within the system to the

    growth rate of new microorganisms (Rg):

    daysR

    MSRT

    g

    =

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    23/50

    23Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Solid Retention Time

    Within the limits, a longer SRT results in:

    More efficient biodegradation

    Smaller reactor size

    Lower cost

    If SRT drops below the cell regeneration time,biomass will wash out faster than it forms new

    cells.

    Rule-of-thumb (without experimental data):SRT = 20-30 days with X < 5000 mg/L

    Higher SRT clarifier failure

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    24/50

    24Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Common Design and Process Variations of

    Activated Sludge Systems

    Step aeration

    Tapered aeration

    Contact stabilization

    Pure-oxygen activated sludge Oxidation ditch

    High rate

    Extended aeration

    Sequencing batch reactor

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    STEP AERATION

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    25/50

    25Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    STEP AERATIONInfluent addition at intermediate points provides more uniform organic

    removal throughout tank

    Secondaryclarifier

    Influent

    Compressed air

    Return activated sludge

    Effluent

    Excess sludge

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    26/50

    26Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    TAPERED AERATION

    Air is added in proportion to BOD exerted

    Compressed air

    Secondaryclarifier

    Effluent

    Influent

    ExcesssludgeReturn activated sludge

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    CO AC S A A O

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    27/50

    27Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    CONTACT STABILIZATIONBiomass adsorbs organics in contact basin and settles out in secondary clarifier; the

    thickened sludge is aerated before being return to the contact basin

    Secondary

    clarifier

    Excess

    sludge

    EffluentInfluent

    Contact basin

    Reactor

    Return

    sludge

    Compressed air

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    28/50

    28Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    PURE OXYGEN ACTIVATED SLUDGE

    Oxygen added under pressure keeps dissolved oxygen level high

    Pure oxygen Oxygen return

    Secondaryclarifier

    Influent

    Excess

    sludge

    Effluent

    Return sludge

    Reactor

    Waste gas

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    HIGH RATE

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    29/50

    29Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    HIGH RATEShort detention time and high F/M ratio in aerator to

    maintain culture in log-growth phase

    Secondaryclarifier

    Excess

    sludge

    EffluentInfluent

    Reactor

    Return sludge

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    30/50

    30Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    EXTENDED AERATIONLong detention time and low F/M ratio in aerator to

    maintain culture in endogenous phase

    Secondaryclarifier

    Excess

    sludge

    EffluentInfluent

    Reactor

    Return sludge (omitted in some system)

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    31/50

    31Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    OXIDATION DITCH

    Similar to extended aeration, except the aeration is done bybrush-type aerators, thus reducing electricity

    Brush-type aerators

    Influent

    Effluent

    Return sludge

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    32/50

    32Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS

    Only one reactor for both aerobic and anaerobic processes,thus reduce capital cost

    ReactFill Settle Decant Idle

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    33/50

    33Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Design Parameters

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    34/50

    34Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Process

    Modification

    c,d F/M lbBOD5/lb

    MLVSS.d

    Volumetric

    loading rate,

    lb BOD5/

    103 ft3.d

    V/Q, h Qr/QMLSS,mg/l

    Conventional

    plug flow

    3-15 0.2-0.6 20-40 1000-3000 4-8 0.25-0.75

    Complete mix 0.75-15 0.2-1.0 50-120 800-6500 3.5 0.25-1.0

    Step feed 3-15 0.2-0.5 40-60 1500-3500 3-5 0.25-0.75

    Single-stagenitrification

    8-20 0.10-0.20(0.02-0.15)*

    5-20 1500-3500 6-15 0.50-1.50

    Separate stage

    nitrification

    15-100 0.05-0.20

    (0.04-0.15)*

    3-9 1500-3500 3-6 0.50-2.00

    Design Parameters

    Continue

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Continue

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    35/50

    35Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Continue

    ProcessModification

    c,d F/Mlb BOD5/lb

    MLVSS.d

    Volumetricloading rate, lbBOD5/ 10

    3ft3.d

    V/Q, h Qr/QMLSS,mg/l

    ContactStabilization 5-15 0.2-0.6 60-75 (1000-3000)(4000-9000)(0.5-1.0)

    (3-6)0.5-1.50

    Extended Aeration 20-40 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 18-36 0.5-1.50

    Oxidation Ditch 3-15 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 8-36 0.5-1.50

    Intermittent

    decanted extended

    aeration

    8-20 0.04-0.08 5-15 2000-8000 20-40 N/A

    Sequencing Batch

    Reactor

    15-100 0.04-0.10 5-15 2000-8000 12-50 N/A

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Applications of Aerobic Activated Sludge Processes

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    36/50

    36Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Aerobicprocesses

    Common name Uses

    Activated sludge - CAS

    - Aerated lagoons

    - Aerobic digestion

    - Carbonaceous BODremoval

    - Nitrification

    Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)

    - CAS with tricklingfilter

    - Carbonaceous BODremoval

    - Nitrification

    Note: CAS = conventional activated sludge

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Applications of Anoxic Activated Sludge Processes

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    37/50

    37Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Anoxic processes Common name UsesActivated sludge - Denitrification

    activated sludge- Denitirifcation

    Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)

    - Activated sludgewith trickling filter

    - Denitrification

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Applications of Anaerobic Activated Sludge Processes

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    38/50

    38Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Anoxic processes Common name UsesActivated sludge - Denitrification

    activated sludge- Denitirifcation

    Hybrid (activatedsludge + biofilm)

    - Activated sludgewith trickling filter

    - Denitrification

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    39/50

    39Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Approach in Design Standardized design manuals

    Generic design manuals (e.g. Metcalf& Eddy)

    Code of practice (e.g. MS 1228)

    Modeling and simulation

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Common design objectives

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    40/50

    40Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    for municipal WWTP

    Organic removal (carbonaceous BOD) Organic removal + nitrification

    Organic removal + (nitrification +denitrification) (N removal)

    Organic removal + nitrification +

    denitrification + P removal (N & P removal)

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Common design objectives for

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    41/50

    41Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    industrial WWTP

    Organic removal

    Organic removal + specific pollutants

    Removal of persistent organics

    Specific pollutants

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Designh

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    42/50

    42Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Sequencing Batch Reactor

    Wastewater characterization. Define designobjectives

    Select number of SBR tanks

    Select react/aeration, settling, and decant times.Determine fill time and total time per cycle. Determinethe number of cycle per day

    From the number of cycles per day, determine the fillvolume per cycle

    Select MLSS concentration and determine the fillvolume fraction relative to total tank volume.Determine the decant depth. Using the computeddepth, determine the SBR tank volume. Continue

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in DesignS i B h R

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    43/50

    43Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Sequencing Batch Reactor

    Determine the SRT

    Determine the amount of TKN added that is nitrified

    Calculate the nitrifier biomass concentration anddetermine if the aeration time selected is sufficient for

    nitrification efficiency needed

    Adjust the design as needed additional iterationsmay be done

    Determine decant pumping rate

    Continue

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in DesignS i B h R

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    44/50

    44Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Sequencing Batch Reactor

    Determine the oxygen required and average

    transfer rate

    Determine the amount of sludge production

    Calculate the F/M and BOD volumetricloading

    Evaluate alkalinity needs

    Prepare design summary

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in DesignS i B t h R t

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    45/50

    45Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Sequencing Batch Reactor

    Manual exercise WASDA simulation

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Design

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    46/50

    46Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    pp gExtended Aeration

    Wastewater characterization. Define design objectives

    Determine the design loading Determine the size of the reactor required and check the

    actual detention time and organic loading rate

    Determine oxygen requirement

    Determine area of secondary sedimentation tank and checkthe solids loading rate

    Determine waste sludge production with certain level of

    yield value for a process with primary sedimentation

    Continue

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Design

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    47/50

    47Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    pp gExtended Aeration

    Determine the maximum growth rate for nitrifying

    organisms under the stated operating conditions Determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, k

    Determine the design substrate utilization factor, U

    Determine the concentration of ammonia in the effluent

    Determine the required hydraulic detention time for

    nitrification

    Calculate the denitrification rate

    Calculate the required residence time for denitrification Combine the detention time required for nitrification and

    denitrification

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Design

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    48/50

    48Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    pp gExtended Aeration

    Manual exercise

    WASDA simulation

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Design

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    49/50

    49Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Conventional activated sludge for organic removal

    and nitrification

    Determine the maximum growth rate for nitrifying

    organisms under certain operating conditions

    Determine the maximum rate of substrate utilization, k

    Determine the minimum and design SRT

    Determine the design substrate utilization factor, U Determine the concentration of ammonia in effluent

    Determine substrate removal rate for activated sludge

    process Determine the required HRT for BOD oxidation and

    nitrification

    WET Program on Bioprocess Engineering 17 September 2005 UTM City Campus, Kuala Lumpur

    Approach in Design

  • 7/30/2019 Activated Sludge System

    50/50

    50Lecture by Zaini UjangUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

    Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA)

    Approach in DesignConventional activated sludge for organic removal

    and nitrification

    Manual exercise

    WASDA simulation