active knee solutions - smith & nephew...today’s fastest growing segment of knee replacement...
TRANSCRIPT
JOURNEY™ IIActive Knee Solutions
*smith&nephew
Today’s fastest growing segment of knee replacement patients is seeking a return to a more active lifestyle.1
Traditional knee replacement options don’t meet the need for higher functionality, improved motion or long-term
durability.2,3,4,5
motion. Lack of motion, both selection and kinematics, can mean less satisfaction for patients who are unable to
return to the demanding activities of their active lifestyle. Surgeons are left tempering patient expectations and
tolerating the limited capabilities of traditional knee replacements.
The challenge
Controlsubjects
TKA patients
0 20 40 60 80 100
dancing
racquet sports
golf
carrying heavy objects
gardening
kneeling
squatting
Graph 1 2
Percent reporting no difficultyGraph 2 3
Sports activity
THA TKATHA
34%Post-op
42%Preop
52%Post-op
36%Preop
For orthopaedic surgeons seeking treatment solutions beyond
traditional knee replacements, JOURNEY™ II Active Knee Solutions
has been engineered to empower patients with a renewed right to
an active lifestyle by breaking through traditional knee replacement
barriers and delivers unmatched Function, Motion and Durability
through PHYSIOLOGICAL MATCHING Technology.
through function, motion and durability
The solution is
PHYSIOLOGICALMATCHING™ Technology
Function Stability
Anatomic, articular surfaces are designed to restore native anatomy and yield a normal anatomic A/P position throughout the range of motion.
• JOURNEY™ PFJ and JOURNEY UNI – Provide retention of the ACL and PCL allowing the native anatomy to provide its innate stability.
• JOURNEY II TKA – Provides a proper femoro-tibial A/P position yielding a virtual elimination of paradoxical
6-13
Normal Conventional JOURNEY II CR JOURNEY II BCS
Anterior stability – ACL function
Bi-Cruciate Stabilized
• ACL replicated by anterior cam-post interaction• Provides anterior stabilization during early gait (up to
• In contact only if needed• Has shown a 76% return to normal AP stability in the
original BCS design 14
MedialProminent posterior medial lip provides sta-bility and promotes normal kinematics
Normal AP sulcus position prevents paradoxical motion
Conventional AP sulcusRestores anatomic 3° distal and posterior femo-ral joint line and providing more normal ligament strain and patello-femoral tracking
Normal convexity provides increased posterior lateral slope to facilitate anatomic lateral femoral rollback and external rotation
Femur
the Patello-Femoral compartment
LateralSmaller anterior lateral lip allows screw home
JOURNEY II BCS Knee Systemwith PHYSIOLOGICAL MATCHING
Conventional TKA
Strength
the proper A/P positioning, thereby preventing muscle fatigue during activities of daily living.
• JOURNEY™ PFJ and JOURNEY UNI – Restores patients’ strength by replacing only the isolated, diseased portion of the knee allowing anatomic A/P alignment for the native anatomy to function as it had before surgery.
• JOURNEY II TKA – Restoration of both the anatomic A/P alignment and the normal kinematic patterns of the knee should produce more normal neuromuscular
demonstrated in the original BCS design.10, 15
Satisfaction (Proprioception)
Improving patients’ ease of activities of daily living can be expected due to the anticipated improvements of strength and stability.
• JOURNEY PFJ and JOURNEY UNI – The preservation of the natural structures (ACL and PCL) is preferred by patients. 16, 17
• JOURNEY II TKA – Restoration of more normal neu-
motion should improve a patient’s ability to perform the
original JOURNEY BCS design.18, 19
2x increase In Quad Activity Virtually Identical Quad Activity
EMG Data 5
CR TKA Normal knee BCS TKA Normal knee0
27.5
55
82.5
110
0
27.5
55
82.5
110
Lachman test JOURNEY TKA patients
Normal < 2mm Abnormal > 2mm0
3
6
9
12
1516
Num
ber o
f pat
ient
s
Num
ber o
f pat
ient
s
Num
ber o
f pat
ient
s
I
Motion Tibiofemoral (TF) kinematics The kinematic patterns of the femur and tibia of a knee design have a direct impact on patients’
reported levels of satisfaction with the outcomes of their knee replacements.19, 20 Extension• Femur internally rotated to achieve a natural anatomic screw-home position • Minimal posterior femoral overhang in the sagittal plane (Proper A/P position)
in high demand activities
Extension
Normal Knee 21
(Right Knee)JOURNEY™ BCS
(Left Knee)Conventional PS
(Left Knee)
Mid-Flexion
Deep-Flexion
FDA Claim Details
JOURNEY™ BCS replicates the motion patterns of the normal, healthy knee 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21
51015
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51015
-15-10-5
51015
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51015
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1357911
1357911
1357911
0
Degree
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
MAX
LateralLateral MedialMedial
LateralMedial
LateralMedial
Lateral Medial
Lateral Medial Lateral Medial
Lateral Medial Lateral Medial
Patellofemoral (PF) kinematics
The kinematic pattern in the PF joint is critically impor-tant to decrease anterior knee pain post operatively and the associated revisions.22, 23, 24, 25
• Provides improved contact which should improve wear performance 22
• Provides improved patella tracking which should minimize anterior pain 22, 23
• Provides more freedom of baseplate positioning without maltracking concerns 26
Flexion
The normal kinematic patterns of movement provide the
performance.
• JOURNEY™ PFJ and JOURNEY UNI – Designed to preserve the normal anatomy of the knee, therefore promoting a more natural range of motion.
• JOURNEY II TKA – Engineered to provide for up to 155°
JOURNEY BCS. 6, 9, 11, 13, 14, 28, 29
Conventional PS TKAJOURNEY II TKAIn Vivo 27
In Vivo +std devInv Vivo -std dev
DurabilityCombining the award-winning materials of OXINIUM™ Oxidized Zirconium and highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), Smith & Nephew was able to create VERILAST™ Technology, a highly durable and long-lasting material combination.Using this technology, JOURNEY™ II TKA is designed to match the same high standards for wear performance.
JOURNEY II CR
40
50
30
20
10
35
45
25
15
5
0
PFC Sigma3
0
GENESIS II31
Scorpi
o32
Triathl
on33
NexGen
34
Vangu
ard35
PFC Sigma3
0
GENESIS II31
Scorpi
o32
Triathl
on33
NexGen
34
Vangu
ard35
Attune
36
LEGIO
N TKS43
JOURNEY II
TKA37
non-detectibleVolu
met
ric w
ear r
ate
(mm
3 /Mcy
cle)
Graph 3VERILAST Technology vs Conventional Technology
23.00 23.45
34.60
20.20
24.40
43.40
5.40
13.00
6.41 7.30 6.504.10
6.10
Mean volumetric wear rates (+/- std. dev.) of CoCr against conventional polyethylene (CPE), CoCr against crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and OXINIUM against XLPE
CoCr and CPE CoCr and XLPE OXINIUM Technology on XLPE
0.58
Wear
• OXINIUM™ Oxidized Zirconium is an advanced bearing material that combines the strength of metal with the wear resistance of ceramics
• OXINIUM Technology is 4,900 times more resistant to abrasion than CoCr 38
• OXINIUM Technology is more than twice as hard as CoCr (Graph 4) 39
up to half that of CoCr (Graph 5) 40
• OXINIUM alloy femoral components are available for all JOURNEY™ II Active Knee Solutions products
Metal Sensitivity
We understand that no measurable nickel content is
• OXINIUM Oxidized Zirconium, exclusively from Smith & Nephew, addresses the needs of nickel sensitive patients by having less than 0.0035% nickel content, compared to a maximum content of 0.5% in cobalt chrome and 0.1% in titanium.
• Zirconium is a nearly inert material that has not reported to induce immune reactions.41
Graph 4Increased hardness
12
16
8
4
0
OXINIUM Alloy OXINIUM AlloyCoCr
Nan
ohar
dnes
s (G
Pa)
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.04
0.02
0
CoCr
Coef
ficie
nt o
f fric
tion
Graph 5Lower friction
12.1
5.40.04
0.08
JOURNEY II BCS
JOURNEY PFJJOURNEY UNI
Patented the usage of Oxidized Zirconium with orthopaedic medical devices
The introduction of the GENESIS TKS was a significant step in the evolution of the modern knee designs. It was the first system the “Address the Unexpected.” With a single set of instruments and implants, virtually any interoperative situation could be handled. This technological advancement greatly simplified the process of TKA.Designers: Dr. Ramon Gustilo, Dr. Jim Rand, Dr. Richard Laskin, Dr. James Howe, and Dr. Todd Swanson.
Launched as one of the first asymmetric femoral component designs, opening up the opportunity for less traditional knee designs. Over 1 million GENESIS II knees have been implanted globally.
The first OXINIUM Alloy total knee implantation. Over the past 15 + years over 600k OXINIUM Alloy hips and knees have been implanted worldwide
Richards Manufacturing collaborate with Dr. Leonard Marmor to commercially produce the first unicondylar knee on the market.
1988 GENESIS™ Total Knee System
1991 OXINIUM Oxidized
Zirconium Patented
1995 GENESIS UNI
The JOURNEY PFJ combines the clinically proven performance of its trochlear groove with powerful precision-the first completely instrumented JOURNEY PFJ system for greater reproducibility and ease of use. Designers: Dr. John Neuman, FRCS, William B. Smith, MD, E. Lyle, Dr. E. Lyle Cain Jr., and Dr. Jeffrey R. Dugas
Engineering Materials Achievement Awarded to Smith & Nephew for use of OXINIUM Oxidized Zirconium. Established in 1969, this award recognizes an outstanding achievement in materials or materials systems relating to the application of knowledge of materials to an engineering structure or to the design and manufacture of a product. Smith & Nephew is only orthopaedics company to ever win this award. Past recipients include: GE, DuPont, IBM, Texas Instruments, Dow Corning, Northrup Grumman
1997 GENESIS II Total Knee System
Using advanced biomechanical modeling technologies; the JOURNEY BCS was the first TKA to accurately replicate the normal kinematic patterns of the healthy knee joint. Over 60,000 JOURNEY BCS knees have been implanted around the world. Designers: Prof. Johan Bellemans, Dr. Jonathan Garino, Dr. Steven Haas, Dr. Michael Ries, and Prof. Jan Victor.
2005 JOURNEY™ BCS
The LEGION Revision Knee System was designed to strike a perfect balance by providing simple, efficient instruments specific to revision and a broad range of implant options to address even the most demanding surgeries. Combined with Oxidized Zirconium, LEGION Revision helps surgeons give their patients the potential for better outcomes with lower wear.
2005 LEGION™ Revision Knee (RK)
2005
2006 JOURNEY PFJ
1970 1980 1990 2000
Innovating for the lifecycle
Following on a rich history of partial knee arthroplasty
and success of the JOURNEY™ BCS design – which
showed recovery of normal patterns of motion and high
gains in flexion 6-13, 21, 27-28 – Smith & Nephew has created
a seamless, next generation family of partial and
primary knee designs intended to restore patients to an
unmatched level of function, motion and durability.
1972 Richards Manufacturing Company Marmor Uni
GENESIS UNI launched in collaboration with Professor Cartier and Dr. James Andrews has demonstrated to be one of the most clinically successful unicondylar knees on the market (94.5% at 10 years).41
VERILAST Technology, a one-of-a-kind advanced bearing couple of OXINIUM Oxidized Zirconium with highly-crosslinked polyethylene formulation designed specifically for knees.
JOURNEY UNI knee treats isolated compartmental disease with anatomic components coupled with simple, intuitive instrumentation for a streamlined, reproducible technique. Designers: Dr. William Bugbee, Dr. Donald Polakoff, Dr. Jonathan Young, Dr. Stuart Smith, Dr. Douglas Naudie, Dr. Paul Saenger, Dr. Jerome Rubini
In 2009 Smith & Nephew globally launched the foundation of its patient specific solutions, VISIONAIRE Patient Matched Cutting blocks. Smith & Nephew was the first company to launch patient matched technology developed and manufactured completely in house.
The next generation of normal function, motion and durability. More normal kinematics and function-strength, stability and higher flexion achieved through the unique features of the JOURNEY II BCS system; normal shapes, normal position and normal motion. Designers: Prof. Johan Bellemans, Dr. Jonathan Garino, Dr. Steven Haas, Dr. Michael Ries, and Prof. Jan Victor, Dr. Mark Snyder and Dr. Fred Cushner.
2012 JOURNEY II BCS
Revolutionary approach to addressing medial femoral and patella-femoral disease in monolithic component. The lessons gained from experiences have allowed advanced kinematic evaluations. Designers: Dr. Lindsey Rolston and Dr. Gerard Engh.
2008 JOURNEY UNI
2007 JOURNEY™ DEUCE™
Smith & Nephew purchased the Swiss company PLUS Orthopedics. This added the PLUS SOLUTION KNEE FAMILY to the portfolio: TC-PLUS PRIMARY™, TC-PLUS™ REVISION, and RT-PLUS™ REVISION. The PLUS Knee family is developed and manufactured in Switzerland and offers a seamless system; from Primary – Complex Primary – Revision – Hinge Knee.
2007 PLUS Orthopedics
2008 Launched VERILAST™ Technology
2009 VISIONAIRE™ Patient Matched Instrumentation
LEGION Hinged Knee is launched as an extension of the clinically successful LEGION Total Knee System. Its kinematic and bone sparing design not only alleviates patients’ symptoms, but also restores an almost natural knee function. Coupled with its ease of use by allowing surgeons to seamlessly transition intraoperatively from a constrained revision implant to a hinged assembly, it makes knee salvage, knee rescue.
2012 LEGION™ Hinge (HK)
Smith & Nephew announces the acquisition of LifeModeler, Inc. (LMI), the leading provider of biomechanical human body simulation tools and services.LMI’s groundbreaking software shortens the time taken to develop new products by enabling the evaluation of innovations in a virtual model of the human body. New orthopaedic products can be tested and validated faster, further and more cost effectively prior to the production of a physical prototype.
2012 Acquisition of LifeMod
2010
Designed to be the first kinematically correct cruciate retaining TKA on the market designed in collaboration with Professor Johan Bellemans, Dr. David Drucker, Dr. Alois Franz, Dr. Murali Jasty, Dr. Gerald Jerry, Dr. Michael Ries, Mr. Neil Thomas, Dr. Alfred Tria, Professor Jan Victor and Dr. Ate Wymenga
In 2013 Smith & Nephew launched its first phase of Patient Specific Logistics with the Universal Instrument Trays. This industry leading initiative allows for Smith & nephew to provide “just in time logistics” where instruments specific to each patient including size and hand are provided for each surgery helping to reduce hospital costs and improve operating room efficiency.
2013 VISIONAIRE
Technology and Patient
Specific Logistics
2014 JOURNEY II CR
Smith & Nephew, Inc.7135 Goodlett Farms Parkway Cordova, TN 38016 USA
Telephone: 1-901-396-2121 Information: 1-800-821-5700 Orders and Inquiries: 1-800-238-7538
™Trademark of Smith & Nephew. Certain marks registered US Patent and Trademark Office. All Trademarks acknowledged.
www.smith-nephew.com
©2013 Smith & Nephew, Inc. 7128-1992 REVA 3/13
References
1. US Department of Health and Human Services Agency (HHSA) for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Knee Replacements Up Dramatically Among Adults 45 to 64 Years Old. AHRQ News and Numbers, November 3, 2011. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
2. Phil Noble et al; Does total knee replacement restore normal knee function? 2005; CORR. (431): 157-65.3. Huch K, Müller KA, Stürmer T, Brenner H, Puhl W, Günther KP. Sports activities 5 years after total knee or hip arthroplasty: the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Dec; 64 (12):1715-20.4. Comparing patient outcomes after THA and TKA: is there a difference? Bourne RB, Chesworth B, Davis A, Mahomed N, Charron K. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Feb; 468(2):542-6. Epub
2009 Sep 4.
-dic Research Society. 2009; Paper No. 2067.
13. Van Duren BH, Pandit H, Price M, Tilley S, Gill HS, Murray DW, Thomas NP. Bicruciate substituting total knee replacement: how effective are the added kinematic constraints in vivo? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Oct; 20 (10):2002-10. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
Med Eng Technol. 2009;33(8):610-5.
2009 Aug 31.
Biomech, 2005;38(2):357-365.
2007, 0021.
36. Ref: DePuy Attune 510 K Document K101433 Dec 10, 201037. Ref: Smith & Nephew OR-12-129
2000, p. 835.
Smith & Nephew, Inc.7135 Goodlett Farms Parkway Cordova, TN 38016 USA
Telephone: 1-901-396-2121 Information: 1-800-821-5700 Orders and Inquiries: 1-800-238-7538
™Trademark of Smith & Nephew. Certain marks registered US Patent and Trademark Office. All Trademarks acknowledged.
www.smith-nephew.com
©2013 Smith & Nephew, Inc.
References
1. US Department of Health and Human Services Agency (HHSA) for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Knee Replacements Up Dramatically Among Adults 45 to 64 Years Old. AHRQ News and Numbers, November 3, 2011. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
2. Phil Noble et al; Does total knee replacement restore normal knee function? 2005; CORR. (431): 157-65.3. Huch K, Müller KA, Stürmer T, Brenner H, Puhl W, Günther KP. Sports activities 5 years after total knee or hip arthroplasty: the Ulm Osteoarthritis Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Dec; 64 (12):1715-20.4. Comparing patient outcomes after THA and TKA: is there a difference? Bourne RB, Chesworth B, Davis A, Mahomed N, Charron K. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Feb; 468(2):542-6. Epub
2009 Sep 4.5. Functional comparison of posterior cruciate-retained versus cruciate-sacrificed total knee arthroplasty. Dorr LD, Ochsner JL, Gronley J, Perry J. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988 Nov; (236):36-43.6. Victor J, Mueller JK, Komistek RD, Sharma A, Nadaud MC, Bellemans J. In vivo kinematics after a cruciate-substituting TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Mar; 468(3):807-14.7. Zingde SM, Sharma A, Komistek RD, Dennis, DA, Mahfouz, MR. In vivo comparison of kinematics for 1891 non-implanted and implanted knees. AAOS. 2009; Scientific Exhibit No. 22.8. Zingde SM, Mueller J, Komistek RD, MacNaughton JM, Anderle MR, Mauhfouz MR. In vivo comparison of tka kinematics for subjects having a PS, PCR, or Bi-Cruciate Stabilizing design. Orthope-
dic Research Society. 2009; Paper No. 2067.9. Bicruciate-stabilised total knee replacements produce more normal sagittal plane kinematics than posterior-stabilised designs.Ward TR, Burns AW, Gillespie MJ, Scarvell JM, Smith PN J Bone
Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jul;93(7):907-13. 10. Catani F, Ensini A, Belvedere C, Feliciangeli A, Benedetti MG, Leardini A, Giannini S. In vivo kinematics and kinetics of a bi-cruciate substituting total knee arthroplasty: a combined fluoroscopic
and gait analysis study. J Orthop Res. 2009 Dec;27(12):1569-75.11. Morra EA, Rosca M, Greenwald JFI, Greenwald AS. The influence of contemporary knee design on high flexion: a kinematic comparison with the normal knee. JBJS Am. 2008; 90: 195-201.12. The Mark Coventry Award: Articular contact estimation in TKA using in vivo kinematics and finite element analysis. Catani F, Innocenti B, Belvedere C, Labey L, Ensini A, Leardini A. Clin Orthop
Relat Res. 2010 Jan; 468(1):19-28. doi: 10.1007/s11999-009-0941-4. Epub 2009 Jun 23.13. Van Duren BH, Pandit H, Price M, Tilley S, Gill HS, Murray DW, Thomas NP. Bicruciate substituting total knee replacement: how effective are the added kinematic constraints in vivo? Knee Surg
Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Oct; 20 (10):2002-10. Epub 2011 Nov 29.14. Arbuthnot JE, Brink RB. Assessment of the antero-posterior and rotational stability of the anterior cruciate ligament analogue in a guided motion bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty. J
Med Eng Technol. 2009;33(8):610-5.15. Lester DK and Shantharam R. Objective Sagittal Instability of CR-TKA by Functional EMG During Normal Walking. AAOS. 2012; Presentation No. 810.16. Pritchett JW. Patient preferences in knee prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004 Sep; 86(7):979-82.17. Pritchett JW. Anterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1996 Feb; 11(2):194-7.18. Rajgopal A; Dahiya V; Kochhar H. Bi-Cruciate Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty Early Experience. International Society for Technology in Arthroplasty: 22 Congress. 2009; Poster No. 107.19. Haas S. Kinematics of the Knee & JOURNEY BCS. Insall Club Annual Meeting. June 201020. Banks SA; Fregly BJ; Boniforti F; Reinschmidt C; Romagnoli S. Comparing in vivo kinematics of unicondylar and bi-unicondylar knee replacements. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005
Oct; 13(7):551-6. Epub 2005 Jan 20.21. Mahfouz MR, Komistek RD, Dennis DA, Hoff WA. In vivo assessment of the kinematics in normal and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A Suppl 2:56-61.22. Carpenter RD, et al, Magnetic resonance imaging of in vivo patellofemoral kinematics after total knee arthroplasty, The Knee (2009), doi:10.1016/j.knee.2008.12.01623. Brilhault J, Ries MD. Measuring patellar height using the lateral active flexion radiograph: Effect of total knee implant design. Knee. 2010 Mar;17(2):148-51. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2009.07.008. Epub
2009 Aug 31.24. Leopold SS, Silverton CD, Barden RM, Rosenberg AG. Isolated revision of the patellar component in total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003; 85-A:41–7.25. Breugem SJ, van Ooij B, Haverkamp D, Sierevelt IN, van Dijk CN. No difference in anterior knee pain between a fixed and a mobile posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty after 7.9 years. Knee
Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print] (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124601)26. Lee GC, Garino JP, Kim RH, Lenz N. Contributions of Femoral, Tibial and Patellar Malposition to Patellar Maltracking in Total Knee Arthroplasty. AAOS. 2013; Poster No. 11427. Nha KW, Papannagari R, Gill TJ, Van de Velde SK, Freiberg AA, Rubash HE, Li G. In vivo patellar tracking: clinical motions and patellofemoral indices. J Orthop Res. 2008 Aug;26(8):1067-74.28. Victor J, Ries M, Bellemans J, Robb WM, Van Hellemondt G. High-flexion, motion-guided total knee arthroplasty: who benefits the most? Orthopedics. 2007 Aug; 30 (8 Suppl): 77–9.29. Kuroyanagi Y, Mu S, Hamai S, Robb WJ, Banks SA. In vivo knee kinematics during stair and deep flexion activities in patients with bicruciate substituting total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty.
2012 Jan; 27(1):122-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2011.03.005. Epub 2011 Apr 19.30. H. M. J. McEwen, P. I. Barnett, C. J. Bell, R. Farrar, D. D. Auger, M. H. Stone and J. Fisher, The influence of design, materials and kinematics on the in vitro wear of total knee replacements, J
Biomech, 2005;38(2):357-365.31. A. Parikh, M. Morrison and S. Jani, Wear testing of crosslinked and conventional UHMWPE against smooth and roughened femoral components, Orthop Res Soc, San Diego, CA, Feb 11-14,
2007, 0021.32. AA. Essner, L. Herrera, S. S. Yau, A. Wang, J. H. Dumbleton and M. T. Manley, Sequentially crosslinked and annealed UHMWPE knee wear debris, Orthop Res Soc, Washington D.C., 2005, 71.33. L. Herrera, J. Sweetgall, A. Essner and A. Wang, “Evaluation of sequentially crosslinked and annealed wear debris, World Biomater Cong, Amsterdam, May 28-Jun 1, 2008, 583.34. C. Schaerer, K. Mimnaugh, O. Popoola and J. Seebeck, “Wear of UHMWPE tibial inserts under simulated obese patient conditions,” Orthop Res Soc, New Orleans, LA, Feb 6-10, 2010, 2329.35. Biomet publication, FDA Cleared Claims for E1 Antioxidant Infused Technology” 36. Ref: DePuy Attune 510 K Document K101433 Dec 10, 201037. Ref: Smith & Nephew OR-12-129 38. Hunter, G., and Long, M. Abrasive Wear of Oxidized Zr-2.5Nb, CoCrMo, and Ti-6Al-4V Against Bone Cement. 6th World Biomaterials Cong. Trans., Society for Biomaterials, Minneapolis, MN,
2000, p. 835.39. Long, M., Riester, L., and Hunter, G. no-hardness Measurements of Oxidized Zr-2.5Nb and Various Orthopaedic Materials. Trans. Soc. Biomaterials, 21, 1998, p. 528.40. Poggie RA, Wert J, Mishra A, et al (1992). Friction and wear characterization of UHMWPE in reciprocating sliding contact with Co-Cr, Ti-6Al-4V, and zirconia implant bearing surfaces. Wear and
Friction of Elastomers, Denton R and Keshavan MK, Eds., West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.41. Nasser, S.: Biology of Foreign Bodies: Tolerance, Osteolysis and Allergy in Total Knee Arthroplasty, Edited by J. Bellemans, M.D. Ries and J. Victor; Springer -Verlag, Heidelberg, 200542. Cartier P, Khefacha A, Sanouiller JL, Frederick K. Unicondylar knee arthroplasty in middle-aged patients: a minimum 5-year follow-up. Orthopedics. 2007 Aug; 30 (8 Suppl):62-5. 43. R. Papannagari, G. Hines, J. Sprague and M. Morrison, “Long-term wear performance of an advanced bearing knee technology,” ISTA, Dubai, UAE, Oct 6-9, 2010.
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