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SUSTAINABLE FOREST AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Shanu Singh ([email protected])

Rakesh Sahu ([email protected])

Active Y

Introduction Benefits Challenges Structure Future Roadmap

Introduction

Maslow’s Positioning For Forest Dweller Limited avenue of income generation Majority of forest and forest fringe dweller have 20-54% income generated

from NTFS. Physiological, safety and security needs are of major concerns

Physiological Needs - JFM Initiative

Food

Water

Shelter

Improved nutrition by helping grow chana, soyabean etc

Development of irrigation & drinking water facilities

Indira Avas Yojana for shelter development

Security Needs - JFM Initiative

Education Economies Financial Health

Introduction of primary school education Provided direct access to seller market Introduction of microcredit facility Access to health care

Safety Needs - JFM Initiative

Family Social Stability

Forest Property

Women up-liftment and empowerment Better income level, education level and lesser

crimes Villager are empowered to protect the forest

Forest Sustainability & Human Developme

nt

FPC/JFM

FD

FPC/JFM community based institution model is replicable since it contribute to:1. Forest management 2. Aspects of sustainable human development – ecological output, income generation, village infrastructure

development and community empowerment. These aspects converts into benefit for villagers.

Advantages (FD Perspective)

• Provides the required manpower capacity for protection of forest (76 m ha)• Local forest dwellers are more acquainted with forests hence better security• Upliftment of tribal population will help in development of geography• JFM can help in providing• Rehabilitating the degraded forest areas with the participation of local communities• Biodiversity conservation and Rehabilitating the degraded forest areas• Control over forest fire and grazing

Employment Opportunities

Shared control and decision-

making authority over

forest-lands

Forest based earning

Daily Wage income

Earnings from Non Timber

Forest Products (NTFPs)

Better communication transport and

health care

Enhanced irrigation

potential for higher crop production

Direct Benefits (Villager Perspective)

Empowerment

Villagers are empowered and in better control of their lives Women betterment through their participation in decision making

Ecology Maintenance

• Protection of forest helps in maintaining the bio-diversity both in terms of flora and fauna

Area Coverage

Land coverage by forest decreases the extent of soil erosion It has helped in maintaining ground water level Enhanced spring flows

Green Cover

Initiative has helped in improving the forest coverage from 76.52m ha in 1997 to 76.96m ha in 2005

Indirect Benefits (Villager Perspective)


Control Mechanism

•Strike a balance in power and authority between the villagers and the FD/FPC•Establishing effective control over the decentralized structure

Coordination glitches

•Proper Communication and coordination between the village and the FD/FPC•Revenue boundaries may lead to disputes

Conflict

Conflict at different levels : Among villagers FPC- Other formal/Informal Institutions FPC-FD

Monitoring

Auditing community forestry related financial records Monitoring and inspection of the actual achievement s of FPC

Sustainability Of Model

Model is not completely sustainable since it needs initial start fund of Rs. 50,000 and driving fund from institutions like government and world bank

Needs New Revenue Stream

Only few low cost NTFP are in the list.


Challenges

Control Mechanism Layer

•A legal document should be designed to categorically define the power, authority 7 role of the FD/FPC.•Regular reporting mechanism should be put in place

Coordination

•All the communication should done between FD official and elected village representative•Revenue percentage breakup should be made clear to villagers

Conflict Resolution

Conflict resolution at different levels : Village representative will handle Forest department with State forest ministry Forest department with State forest ministry

Monitoring Measures

Auditing should be done by an independent auditing NGO Regular performance check and immediate action

Sustainable Model

Non government organization such as NGO, private organizations should be approached for sponsorship to maintain the cash flow for development activity

New Revenue Stream

Addition of new high value NTFP such as aonla dry & green, baheda, stavan, bilora, belgada and honey will bring in more revenues

Proposed Solutions

FPC

FPC Head

FPC Dpty Head Asst. VR

VR

Villagers

Comm. Fund

JFM Fund

JFM Fund Expense Report

Comm. Fund Expense report

Revenue Generation

Report

Crop Production

Report

Actual or Achievement

Report

Planned activities

Repot

SFD

FSI

Forest Density

Bio Diversity

Regeneration of plant species

JFM

JFM Fund

prepares

reviews

Allocates funds after review

forwards

surveys

Proposed Structure

audits

Abbreviations• JFM – Joint Forest

Management• SFD – State Forest

Dept.• FPC – Forest

Protection committee

• VR – Village Representive

• FSI – Forest Survey of INDIA


Recommendations For Human DevelopmentHealthcare -Development of healthcare facility in coordination with the

district level government medical office or NGO. -Regular immunization campaign to prevent disease like polio etcCottage Industry -FPC should promote small cottage industry like handloom,

sericulture etcRoads -Approach road to nearby highway/forest road should be laid for

easy forest managementDrinking Water -New hand-pumps should be setup for easy availability of water -Water treatment plant should be setup for community water

drinking water

Recommendations (policy front)

Renewed NGO and civic orientation policy : All act like non-state equal partner for both facilitation and implementation

Economic re-orientation of policy : Change approach from target driven approach to transaction cost analysis on social cost benefit analysis

Build social capital though social re-engineering: Social engineering to provide platform for mainstreaming marginalized sections of society to mitigate social movements like Maoist Movement

Organic village community: Instead being a political institution , agency should be formed with marginalized poor people, landless laborer, NGO, environmentalist and women for benefit of all

Target vulnerable groups: Since Panchayat is an institution of rural elite which does not represent landless laborers . So policy needs to be drafted to serve in larger villages with heterogeneous population from all walks of life.

Coordination with NREGA to provide employment at village level

Recommendations

1970-80: Participatory forest management at Sukhomajri, Arabari,

and Harda

1988: The National Forest Policy created space for community

participation

1990: GOI launched community

participation in the form JFMC

1999: Forest cover 76.52m ha, 10.24m ha under 36,160 JFMC.

2005: Forest cover 76.96m ha, 22m ha under 106482 JFMC

2007: Reduction in JFM funding, adverse effect

2010: We are here

Beyond: Restoration of momentum by

implementing proposed recommendations


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