Activities towards Data in the European Union

テータトリフンエコノミーの実践

10 January 2019

Lee Woolgar

Senior ICT Policy Officer

Delegation of the European Union to Japan

Contents

• Measuring ICT in Europe

– Measuring the data economy

• Building a European eco-system for data

– Policy and regulatory initiatives

– Horizon 2020 to Horizon Europe

– Digital Europe

Measuring ICT in Europe • Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)

• Published every year since 2014

• DESI Report 2018:

– Connectivity - Broadband market developments in the EU (PDF)

– Human Capital - Digital Inclusion and Skills (PDF)

– Use of Internet Services (PDF)

– Integration of Digital Technology (PDF)

– Digital Public Services (PDF)

– The EU ICT Sector and its R&D Performance (PDF)

– Research and Innovation: ICT projects in Horizon 2020 Digital (PDF)

• Review country performance - Country Profiles

• International study published in 2018 – compares EU against Japan and other countries

– International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI)

ICT in the EU: GDP• Accounts for around €600bn of value added

(2017).

• Equivalent to around 4% of GDP.

Source: DESIー Digital Economy and Society Index

Country performance in DESI

ICT R&D Expenditures

International Comparisons

Measuring the Data Economy

• European Data Market Study (2017)

• Current status (2016) and projections to 2020

– Data market share

– Number of companies

– Data workers

– Data company revenues

– Value of the data economy

Growth rate and Number of data professionals

Sectoral Distribution

Building a European eco-system for data

10 Commission priorities for 2015-19 – Political Guidelines for the Juncker Commission(15 July 2014)

1. Jobs Growth and investment

2.Digital Single Market (bringing down barriers to unlock online opportunities)

3. Energy Union and climate4. Internal Market5. A deeper and fairer economic and

monetary union6. A balanced EU-US free trade

agreement7. Justice and fundamental rights8. Migration9. A stronger global actor10.Democratic change

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•Better access

for consumers

and businesses

• Geo-blocking• E-commerce (digital contracts,

consumer protection)• Copyright• Parcel delivery• VAT

•An environment

where digital

networks and

services can prosper

• Telecoms market• Media services• Platforms and intermediaries• Trust and security (e-privacy,

cybersecurity cPPP)

• Data Economy• Inclusive digital society• Interoperability and Standardisation• Digitisation of European industry

The Digital Single Market StrategyPolicy response to the opportunities & challenges of the digital revolution

•Maximise the

growth potential of

the digital economy

TH E ST R A T E G Y A T A GLA N C EEuropean Council

implementation deadline: mid-2019

DSM Strategy: May 2015

DSM Strategy Mid-Term Review: May 2017

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Implementation progress

in close cooperation with Member States and contact with industry

CybersecuritycPPP

Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition

EU e-Government Action Plan

European Open Science

Cloud

Digitising European Industry

ICT Standardisation Priorities

ConnectivityObjectives

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Non-Legislative actions

Legislative actions Almost 30 legislative proposals made

• Free Flow of Non-Personal Data• Portability of content • Other areas

Building a European Data eco-system

Steps taken: personal sphere• Personal Data

– General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) offering a high standard of data protection to EU citizens.

• Specific rights for data subjects and detailed rules to protect citizen’s personal data, fully harmonized across the Union

• Stronger enforcement rules and fines, and institutional set-up, including National Data Protection Authorities within each member State, and

• Enhanced coordination and guidance through the European Data Protection Board (EU body with legal personality)

• Research data officers are advising on usage of data in the context of GDPR. Only applies to living people, and does not apply to fully anonymised data. Where pseudonmised or identifiers exist then GDPR does apply.

• Researchers have a responsibility to keep the data safe, keep data subjects informed, and notify of breaches.

• International cross-border data flows governed by adequacy decisions by the European Commission

Steps taken: personal sphere

• The ePrivacy Regulation

– This is now being discussed between the European Parliament and Council) sets adapted rules for elecronic communications.

• Private life of the individual

• Unsolicited marketing

• Cookies

• Confidentiality (e.g. to telecom providers/mail account operators)

Steps taken: Non-Personal Data

Non-Personal Data

• Regulation on a Framework for the Free Flow of Non-personal Data in the European Union including a series of measures to enhance trust and facilitate data flows:

– Prohibition to impose data localisation restrictions by the national authorities

– Measures to address jurisdictional concerns and facilitate access to data for regulatory purposes, even when data is stored on cloud services located in another Member State

– Support for self-regulatory approaches through a Code of Conduct to facilitate data portability and switching of cloud services

– Legal clarity on specific security requirements

Approved by the European Parliament on 4 October 2018; Council on 9 November

Other Steps • A proposal for a review of the Directive on the re-use of public sector information

(PSI Directive);– Opening and re-use of public data.

– Reduce barriers to use found in some sectors (extending coverage to sectors such as transport; utilities); limited availability of real-time dynamic data; some high charges (limiting SMEs)

• An update of the 2012 Recommendation on access to and preservation of scientific information (made in April 2018):

– All publicly funded publications should be open access by 2020

– Institutional plans for open access

– Research data plans

– Re-use and preservation of data

• Guidance on sharing private sector data among companies and with public sector bodies for public interest purposes.

– IoT data / B2B

– It also includes a ‘How to’ guide following models of B2B data sharing, ranging from fully open dataapproaches, to data marketplaces for data monetisation, to closed platforms for data exchanges

Further measures to support and incentivisesharing of businesses’ data

• Call launched in June, 2018 for a Support Centre for Data Sharing tasked to:

– Provide technical guidance on APIs for data sharing and data security

– Work on contract terms for data sharing, including a European API licence

– Further analysis on legal aspects and technical means e.g. for traceability data sources

• Encouraging voluntary, self-regulatory measures: Model contract clauses and Codes of Conduct

European Data Portal

Nearly 1m data sets

ODINE - Open Data INcubator for Europe

• Incubator for open data entrepreneurs across Europe.

• Helps companies to:

– developing ideas of using open data at the core of their business by giving expert advice from business mentors, peer networking and support, technology and data sets.

– Funded 57 start-ups and SMEs, generating already more than EUR 1 million in additional investment, sales, and jobs.

R&D Funding initiatives

• Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) (€80 billion)

• Next Framework Programme is expected for 2021-2027

• Horizon Europe (€100bn)

ICT Funding under Horizon 2020

Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership

• Partnership between the European Commission and the Big Data Value Association

• The Big Data PPP is being implemented in 2016-2020 through calls of proposals from the ICT LEIT (Industrial Leadership) part of the Horizon 2020 work programme.

– Large-scale demonstrators ("lighthouse projects") in industrial sectors

– Data integration and experimentation actions where infrastructure is made available to bring technology providers and end-users together to identify services, skills, business models

– Technical projects, advancing key enabling technologies and filling gaps in knowledge and methodologies (large-scale analytics, prediction, visualisation, architectures, algorithms etc.)

– Networking, community-building and policy support, to create a strong and active community of key actors working towards common technical, organisational and societal goals.

• First projects began in 2016.

• Funding of 159 million under Horizon 2020

Horizon Europe: evolution not revolution

Specific objectives of the Programme

Foster all forms of innovation and

strengthen market deployment

Strengthen the impact of R&I

in supporting EU policies

Support the creation and diffusion

of high-quality knowledge

Optimise the Programme’s delivery for impact in a strengthened ERA

Strengthening the European Research Area

Reforming and Enhancing the European R&I systemSharing excellence

Pillar 1Open Science

European Research Council

Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Research Infrastructures

Pillar 3Open Innovation

European Innovation Council

European innovation ecosystems

European Institute of Innovation

and Technology

Pillar 2Global Challenges and

Industrial Competitiveness

• Health

• Inclusive and Secure Society

• Digital and Industry

• Climate, Energy and Mobility

• Food and natural resources

Joint Research Centre

Clu

ste

rs

Clusters in 'Global Challenges and Industrial Competitiveness'

Clusters Areas of intervention

Health * Health throughout the life course * Environmental and social health determinants

* Non-communicable and rare diseases * Infectious diseases * Tools, technologies and digital * Health care systems

solutions for health and care

Inclusive and Secure Societies

* Democracy * Cultural heritage * Social and economic transformations * Disaster-resilient societies * Protection and Security * Cybersecurity

Digital and Industry

* Manufacturing technologies * Key digital technologies* Advanced materials * Artificial intelligence and robotics * Next generation internet * Advanced computing and Big Data * Circular industries * Low carbon and clean industry* Space

Climate, Energy and Mobility

* Climate science and solutions * Energy supply* Energy systems and grids * Buildings and industrial facilities in energy * Communities and cities transition * Industrial competitiveness in transport * Clean transport and mobility * Smart mobility * Energy storage

Food and Natural Resources

* Environmental observation * Biodiversity and natural capital* Agriculture, forestry and rural areas * Sea and oceans* Food systems * Bio-based innovation systems * Circular systems

Key Novelties in Horizon Europe

Extended association possibilities

Create more impact through mission-orientation and citizens' involvement

Support breakthrough innovation

Strengthen international cooperation

Reinforce openness

Rationalise the funding landscape

European Innovation Council

R&I Missions

New approach to Partnerships

Open science policy

Lessons Learned from Horizon 2020

Interim Evaluation

Open Science across the programme

▪ Encouraging uptake of Open Science practices through

earmarked funding, including to enhance researcher skills in

Open Science and support reward systems that promote it

▪ Monitoring system to ensure compliance with Horizon Europe

provisions

▪ FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, re-usable) and Open Data: research data is open by default (with opt-out possibilities) and a data management plan is obligatory

▪ Open Access to publications: no reimbursement of article processing charge (APC) for publications in hybrid journals

Digital Europe

• Announced on 6 June, 2018

• Invest €9.2 billion to align the next long-term EU budget 2021-2027 with increasing digital challenges.

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Policy response: The Digital Europe Programme 2021-2027

Thank you