activity: 1.1.1 protein hbv and lbv proteins 1a 1...produce an information sheet on protein in the...

© Illuminate Publishing Ltd AQA GCSE Food Preparation and Nutrition by Tull, Littlewood, Maitland, Worger

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91.1.1 Protein

Study the images below and sort the foods into those that contain HBV (High biological value) proteins and those that contain LBV (Low biological value) proteins.

Lentils Soya beans

Cheese Quinoa

Brazil nuts Bulgur (wheat)

Eggs Meat

Peanuts Milk

Fish Sunfl ower seeds

Activity: HBV and LBV proteins 1a


1.1.1 Protein C

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Produce an information sheet on protein in the diet.

Include two main course recipes that demonstrate:

a) protein complementation

b) use of an alternative protein.

Use a nutrition programme to work out how much protein is contained in each recipe.

Include this with the recipe.

Explain the benefi ts of using alternative proteins in the diet.

Example of an alternative protein Example of protein complementation

Activity: Produce an information sheet on protein in the diet 1b


1.1.1 ProteinC

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LBV proteins do not contain all the essential amino acids we need but if you eat a mixture of them the missing essential amino acids in one may be provided by one of the others. This is called protein complementation. Study the foods below, identify the LBV proteins and then make suggestions for three meals that would combine two or more of them in the same dish.

Meat Toasted bread

Kidney beans Soya beans

Rice Cheese

Peanut butter Baked beans

Eggs Bulgur (wheat)

Activity: Protein complementation 1c


Many food products contain fat that is invisible to our eyes. This can lead to people eating more fat than they realise, if they regularly choose to eat foods such as these.

On the chart below are pictures of 14 different food products, each of which contains invisible fat.

Look at each product. Using your knowledge of recipes and cooking methods, rank the foods in order of the amount of invisible fat you think they contain.

For example, if you think the quiche lorraine has the highest amount of invisible fat, place a number 1 underneath it and so on, with number 14 being the food you think contains the lowest amount of invisible fat.

Chocolate biscuits

Sponge cake with buttercream and jam fi lling Cheesecake Jam doughnut Lemon meringue pie

Sausage roll Quiche lorraine Mayonnaise Salami Potato crisps

Potato chips Fried mushroomsChicken tikka masala ready meal Peanut butter

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1.1.2 Fats

Activity: Invisible fats in food 1d


Examine each of these food labels and identify which of the ingredients are fats.

Supafresh chocolate sponge cakeWater, Sugar, Chocolate (9%), Wheat fl our, Single cream, Suet, Modifi ed maize starch, Cocoa powder, Mono-glycerides, Skimmed milk powder, Shortening, Cream powder, Stabiliser: E461; Salt, Whey powder, Glycerine, Emulsifi er: E481; Raising agents: E450, E500

JPL Dunne’s food family chicken ingotsChicken (63%), British wheat fl our (Flour, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Thiamin), Salt, Polyunsaturates, Sunfl ower oil, Maize fl our, Monounsaturates, Salt, Raising agents: Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Disodium diphosphate; Sugar

Super Scorchin’ green Thai curry Water, Chicken (18%), Jasmine rice, Green beans (2%), Bamboo shoot (2%), Rapeseed oil, Chicken extract, Sugar, Anchovy extract (Fish), Cornfl our, Coriander, Ghee, Coconut oil, Creamed coconut, Garlic, Green chilli, Lemon grass, Palm kernel, Palm oil, Sea salt, Shallot, Galangal, Ginger, Salt, Tamarind, Ginger purée, Cumin, Kaffi r lime peel, Onion, Carrot, Sweet basil, Coriander seed, Dried sweet basil, Milk solids

Big’n’Tastee cheese and bacon soupWater, Flour, Bacon pieces, Potato starch, Hydrogenated fat, Milk solids, Milk powder, Cheese fl avouring, Sugar, Salt, Corn starch, Concentrated onion juice

Supafresh mixed poultry casserole and dumplingsWater, Potato, Carrots, Chicken (15%), Onion extract, Lard, Flour, Goose fat, Chicken fl avouring, Leeks, Suet, Chicken fat, Garlic powder, Bay, Clove extract, Stabiliser (lecithin), Salt

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1.1.2 Fats

Activity: Find the fat 1e


FatsProduce a concept map or revision guide about fats in the diet.

Include information on:

• the different types of fat

• the main sources of fat in the diet

• why we need fat in the diet

• what happens if we do not eat enough fat

• the dangers of consuming too much fat.

Below is a recipe for a lasagne.

For the Ragu

1 onion (fi nely chopped)

1 carrot (fi nely chopped)

1 stick celery (fi nely chopped)

4 tbsp extra virgin olive oil

500g ground beef

400g chopped tomatoes

2 tbsp tomato puree

3 bay leaves

nutmeg (grated)

salt

pepper

For the Béchamel

750ml whole milk

50g fl our

50g butter

nutmeg (grated)

black pepper

8–10 fresh lasagne sheets

50g Parmesan cheese (grated)

50g Mozzarella (grated)

3 bay leaves

Explain how this recipe could be adapted to lower the fat content.

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1.1.2 Fats

Activity: Fats in the diet 1f


Study the list of individual carbohydrates below. Write M, D or C next to each of them to match them to their correct classifi cation.

Monosaccharides (M)

Disaccharides (D)

Complex carbohydrates (C)

Glucose

Maltose

Galactose

Sucrose

Starch

Pectin

Dextrin

Lactose

Fructose

Non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)

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1.1.3 CarbohydratesActivity: Carbohydrate classifi cation 1 1g


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1.1.3 Carbohydrates

Study the list of carbohydrate-containing foods below. Identify the carbohydrate(s) found within them and write M, D or C next to each of them to match them to their correct classifi cation. Some have more than one carbohydrate present.

Monosaccharides (M)

Disaccharides (D)

Complex carbohydrates (C)

Granulated sugar

Plain yogurt

Brown rice Toast Sweet potato Milk

Golden syrup

Apple White bread

Honey

Activity: Carbohydrate classifi cation 2 1h


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1.1.3 Carbohydrates

Activity: Find the sugars 1i

Examine each of these food labels and identify which of the ingredients are sugars.

Supafresh chocolate sponge cakeWater, Sugar, Chocolate (9%), Wheat fl our, Single cream, Suet, Modifi ed hydrolysed starch, Cocoa powder, Molasses, Mono-glycerides, Skimmed milk powder, Glucose syrup, Shortening, Cream powder, Dextrose, Stabiliser: E461; Fat powder, Salt, Whey powder, Glycerine, Emulsifi er: E481; Raising agents: E450, E500

JPL Dunne’s food family mince piesMincemeat (43%) (Sugar, Apple purée, Sultanas, Currants, Glucose syrup, Apricot purée (Apricots, Sugar), Candied mixed peel (Glucose-fructose syrup, Orange peel, Treacle, Lemon peel), Acidity regulator: Citric acid); Preservative, Vegetable suet, Wheat fl our, Maltose, Sunfl ower oil, Cornfl our, Acid: Acetic acid; Cinnamon, Crystallised ginger (Ginger, Fructose), Allspice, Orange oil

Super Scorchin’ green Thai curry Water, Chicken (18%), Jasmine rice, Green beans (2%), Bamboo shoot (2%), Rapeseed oil, Chicken extract, Sugar, Anchovy extract (Fish), Cornfl our, Coriander, Ghee, Coconut oil, Creamed coconut, Garlic, Green chilli, Lemon grass, Palm kernel, Sugar cane, Palm oil, Sea salt, Shallot, Galangal, Ginger, Salt, Tamarind, Ginger purée, Cumin, Kaffi r lime peel, Onion, Sucrose, Coriander seed, Dried sweet basil, Milk solids

Big’n’Tastee chocolate pancakesSugar, Milk, Flour, Sunfl ower oil, Egg, Dark chocolate (6%) (Fat-reduced cocoa powder, Cocoa mass, Emulsifi er: Soya lecithin), Liquid glucose, Caramel, Butter (milk), Lactose (milk), Skimmed cow’s milk powder, Cocoa powder, Muscovado sugar, Water, Salt

Supafresh British apple pieBritish Bramley apples (58%), Wheat fl our (Wheat fl our, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Thiamin), Granulated sugar, Unsalted butter, Palm oil, Pasteurised egg, Fruit juices, Sugar cane, Water, Rapeseed oil, Demerara sugar, Cornfl our, Starch, Milk, Lemon juice, Salt


Study the drinks below. Rank them according to how much sugar you think they contain. Which one has the most? Which one has the least? Are you surprised by your fi ndings?

Drink Grams of sugar per 150ml

Rank 1–12*

Cherry cola

Chocolate milkshake

Cola

Energy drink

Ginger beer

Lemonade

Orange juice

Passion fruit juice drink

Pure grape juice

Smoothie energise drink

Sparkling lemon drink

Strawberry yogurt drink

*Some drinks may have equal ranking.

1.1.3 CarbohydratesActivity: How much sugar am I drinking? 1j

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Solve the wordsearch below – the words you are looking for are all to do with vitamins and there are clues given underneath. Remember: the hidden words may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal in the wordsearch grid.

If you get stuck, use the word prompts after the clues to try to solve them.

R Q O I L Y F I S H F W A V I Q O F N N

R B Q W Q T R F G J J Q A F H R R S I I

F P E E S C U R V Y K R N G N F A D G G

G N F R W F V Q C C L T T I L C N H H H

I M V Q I V B N M E A R I C K E T S T O

R H D W Y B P S E R D N O B S D E D B R

O L E R U M E H J E G L X E S F S F L A

N G R A T R L R S A J J I T O G A V I N

Y T T S L W L R I L F G D A R T L M N G

D M N J K L A N M S A D A C E R A K D E

W S U N L I G H T O T Y N A M E C A N S

D F G N B K R I T T T L T R O K I A E N

S U N L I G A Y U E Q U S T U L A G S B

V I W U A D F G H N R T Y L T V E H S T

S A A N A E M I A E M B R A H E C O J U

K M T D C V B R S T Y U I L V A S L B B

A D E E T O S T E O M A L A C I A Q O F

E R R T Y G H K D Q W S A D T R Y U M T

D F O L A T E E F X V B N G T R W Q U G

D G H Y C K L P M E N E R G Y E S Z L N

Clues1 This is caused by not having enough vitamin A (2 words together)

2 These are a good source of vitamin A (2 words together)

3 The name of the disease children get if they do not have enough vitamin D

4 The name of the disease that adults get if they do not have enough vitamin D

5 The action of this on your skin helps you make vitamin D in your body

6 Vitamins A, C and E all have this same function in the body (to stop chemicals that get into the body from damaging it)

7 Vitamins A, D, E and K are all … soluble

8 Vitamin K helps your blood to do this when you cut yourself

9 You need vitamin B1 to help release this from your food

10 The name of the disease you get from a defi ciency of vitamin B1

11 You get this symptom if you do not have enough vitamin B2 (two words together)

12 These fruits are a very good source of vitamin C

13 The chemical name for vitamin B9

14 This is a condition you get if you don’t absorb enough iron

15 This group of foods provides lots of the B vitamins and includes wheat, rice and oats

16 This is the name of the disease you get if you have a defi ciency of vitamin B3

17 The vitamin B group and vitamin C are all … soluble

18 Vitamin C helps you to absorb this mineral

19 The name of the defi ciency disease you get if you don’t have enough vitamin C

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1.1.4 Vitamins

Activity: Vitamins wordsearch 1k

Word prompts Anaemia

Antioxidants

Beri-beri

Cereals

Clot

Energy

Fat

Folate

Iron

Night blindness

Oily fi sh

Oranges

Osteomalacia

Pellagra

Rickets

Scurvy

Sore mouth

Sunlight

Water


What do vitamins do? Match each function from the list below to the correct vitamin in the table. Take care: some vitamins perform up to 5 functions!

Vitamin Function in the body

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin B1

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

• This vitamin is an antioxidant

• Works with vitamin B9 to make healthy red blood cells

• Keeps nerve cells healthy

• Helps energy to be released from carbohydrate, fat and protein in the body

• Helps the body absorb iron

• Keeps connective tissue, which binds the body cells together, healthy

• This vitamin is an antioxidant

• Helps energy to be released from carbohydrate in the body

• Helps energy to be released from food in the body

• Keeps the skin healthy

• Helps us see in dim light

• Helps children to grow

• Keeps mucous membranes moist and healthy

• Works with vitamin B12 to make healthy red blood cells

• Helps to reduce the risk of unborn babies developing spina bifi da

• Helps calcium to be absorbed in the body

• Helps calcium to strengthen the bones and teeth

• Helps the blood to clot when the body is injured

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1.1.4 Vitamins

Activity: What do vitamins do? 1l


Identify the vitamin without which the body suffers the symptoms and diseases listed.

The vitamins are listed below the table.

Vitamin Defi ciency causes…

Pellagra (diarrhoea, dementia, dermatitis)

Rickets in children

A defi ciency is rare

Children don’t grow properly

Infected mucous membrane

Mouth gets sore at the corners

Osteomalacia in adults

Night blindness leading to total blindness

Scurvy

Beri-beri

May lead to spina bifi da in babies

Babies sometimes lose some blood at birth

Megaloblastic anaemia (large red blood cells)

Pernicious anaemia

Anaemia

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin B1

Vitamin B2

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B9

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

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1.1.4 Vitamins

Activity: Vitamin defi ciencies 1m


What do minerals do? Match each mineral function from the list below to the correct mineral in the table. The number of functions for each mineral is given in the brackets.

Mineral Function in the body

Calcium (3)

Iron (1)

Sodium (3)

Fluoride (1)

Iodine (1)

Phosphorus (4)

• Makes bones and teeth strong

• Makes special fat molecules called phospholipids in body cell membranes, especially in the brain and nervous system

• Controls the amount of water in the body

• Makes haemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen to all body cells

• Makes the nerves and muscles work properly

• Helps the body to use energy from food

• Strengthens the bones and the enamel in the teeth and helps prevent tooth decay

• Helps to control muscles and nerves

• Produces the hormone thyroxin, which controls the metabolic rate of the body

• Helps the body release energy from food

• Essential for chemical reactions in the body

• Helps the blood to clot when the body is injured

• With calcium it makes the bones and teeth strong

Now match each mineral with the effect of its defi ciency in the human body.

Mineral Defi ciency in the body

• Rickets in children

• Osteomalacia in adults

• Muscles and nerves don’t work properly

• Blood will not clot properly over a wound after an injury

• Anaemia

• Tiredness, weakness, weak nails, lack of energy

• Muscle cramps

• Weak tooth enamel

• More chance of tooth decay

• Swelling in neck – goitre

• Mental handicap (cretinism) in new-born babies

• A defi ciency is rare

Sodium, Fluoride, Iron, Iodine, Calcium, Phosphorus

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1.1.5 MineralsActivity: The importance of minerals 1n


1 2 3 4 5

6 7

8

9 10 11 12

13

14 15

16

17 18

19

20 21

22

23

24 25

26

27

28 29

Clues across1 The main mineral in body

4 This is likely to happen to the teeth if you don’t have enough fl uoride

6 You lose sodium in this when you are hot

7 It takes unborn babies this amount of time to build up a store of iron in their bodies

8 Calcium is needed to make these work properly in the body

9 This mineral is needed to make a substance in red blood cells

11 This is the name of the substance in red blood cells for which iron is needed

14 This is the name of the hormone that iodine helps you make

16 This is the name of the health condition you get if you do not have enough iron

17 This mineral is needed to strengthen the teeth

20 You need this in order to absorb iron in the body

21 These are special fat molecules found in cell membranes for which you need phosphorus

23 You need to do plenty of this to help calcium to be laid down in your bones and teeth

24 You would get this pain in your arms and legs if you did not have enough sodium in your body

26 If you do not have enough calcium, this will happen to your bones and teeth

27 This mineral will be lost if you have sickness and diarrhoea

28 This is a very important time of life for laying down minerals in your bones and teeth

29 If you do not have enough iron you will not have much of this

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1.1.5 Minerals

Activity: Minerals crossword 1o1


Clues down1 If you lack calcium in your diet, this will not happen to your blood if you are injured

2 This mineral makes a hormone that controls your metabolic rate

3 Iron is needed so that red blood cells can carry this substance around the body to all its cells

4 If you do not have enough iron, you will feel like this a lot of the time

5 Calcium is needed to make these work properly in the body

10 This is what you get in your neck if you do not have enough iodine

12 You need this to absorb calcium in the body

13 You need this mineral to release energy from food and for other chemical reactions in the body

15 If you do not have enough iron, these will become weak and split

18 This is the name of the defi ciency disease adults can get if they do not have enough calcium in their diet

19 This is the name of the defi ciency disease children can get if they do not have enough calcium in their diet

22 Sodium controls the amount of this substance we have in our bodies

25 If you don’t have enough of this mineral, this substance on the outside of your teeth can weaken

Optional: Answers to choose from:adolescence

anaemia

calcium

clot

decay

enamel

energy

fl uoride

goitre

haemoglobin

iodine

iron

load bearing exercise

muscle cramp

muscles

nails

nerves

osteomalacia

oxygen

phospholipids

phosphorus

rickets

sodium

sweat

three months

thyroxin

tired

vitamin C

vitamin D

water

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1.1.5 Minerals

Activity: Minerals crossword 1o2


Water is vital for the human body to function properly. Study the statements below and then write a sentence that explains why water is important in each of them.

1 Body temperature is regulated by water.

2 Water is used by the body to digest food.

3 Water helps remove waste from the body.

4 Water helps us breathe.

5 Water is good for our skin.

6 Water is important in maintaining the health of our blood.

1.1.6 WaterC

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Activity: The importance of water 1p


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You have volunteered to help with the First Aid team at an athletics meeting on a hot summer’s day. An athlete is brought to the tent suffering from a list of symptoms. Study the symptoms below and explain why each of them is a sign of dehydration.

The athlete has a bad headache.

She feels weak and sick.

She is very hot and can’t cool down.

Her skin looks wrinkled.

She is obviously feeling dazed and confused.

Your friend in the First Aid tent agrees with you that the athlete is dangerously dehydrated and suggests that she drinks two large bottles of water immediately.

You disagree with this suggestion. Why?

1.1.6 Water

Activity: Dehydration 1q

activity: 1.1.1 protein hbv and lbv proteins 1a 1...produce an information sheet on protein in the...

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