Introduction to

PowerGenix

NiZn batteries

1/35

• Founded in 2000 to develop a safe, high performance, and cost effective

alternative to currently available sealed rechargeable batteries such as:

• Lead Acid, NiCd, NiMH, and Lithium Ion

• Headquarters in San Diego, CA

• Manufacturing in China (800K daily battery capacity)

• Certifications include UL, CE, ISO9001:2000, ISO14001 and RBRC

• Worldwide employees: 100

• Initial focus on military applications, HEV, cordless tools, and AA/AAA consumer

batteries

• Highly experienced management team

• 100+ years of combined battery experience

Who is PowerGenix?

PowerGenix is an environmentally friendly battery company

that has developed and patented a Nickel Zinc (NiZN) battery

solution that delivers optimal power for various applications.

The best consumer rechargeable battery system !

Benefits:

• Only true rechargeable alternative for 1.5V single-use batteries due to higher voltage than traditional rechargeable batteries

• 1.6 volts optimizes power in applications

• NiZn 1.6 volts delivers superior power output, like lithium primary, rechargeable though !

• The highest power density rechargeable system available on the market today.

• Greenest rechargeable battery system existing. 100% recyclable (contrary to e.g. NiMH and Lithium that hold compounds that cannot be recycled). Contributes to an improved environmental impact.

• Much better performance in extreme temperatures compared to NiMH. Ideal outdoor power product e.g. for GPS etc.

• Pays back in only 5 charges*

• Stays charged longer**

* reference: Duracell Plus at •€ 4,99

** compared to regular NiMH batteries at room temperature

PowerGenix: Competitive Advantage

• PowerGenix NiZn offers a better rechargeable solution than the Energizer disposable lithium product for power hungry electronic devices

• NiZn 1.6 volts delivers superior power output, like lithium

• Energizer lithium costs around $10.00 and can only be used once. Save money over time with NiZn and recharge over hundreds times!

• Energizer lithium, like alkaline, is disposable and will end up in the landfill…..not a “green” solution.

• PowerGenix NiZn AA batteries are 1.6 volts versus NiMH AA batteries that are 1.2 volts

• The higher 1.6 voltage profile of NiZn delivers a shot of power to devices and provides longer usage time resulting into e.g. more pictures with digital cameras, brighter light in flashlights, faster reaction in game controllers, more playtime in music players, longer runtimes in general purpose devices etc.

• Even though NiMH may be high(er) capacity, because most devices have a 1.0v cut-off, not all the power in the cell is even being utilized

• NiZn is more environmentally friendly than NiMH

• 100% of all NiZn constituents are recyclable (vs only 70% of a NiMHcell)

• Works longer, needs less charges

Performance: A 100 Year Problem Solved

Electrolyte andElectrode

Composition

ChargingAlgorithms

Cell Design

ManufacturingTechnology

23 Patents

Issued and Pending

To PowerGenixTo PowerGenixTo PowerGenixTo PowerGenix

PowerGenix

From EdisonFrom EdisonFrom EdisonFrom Edison

PowerGenix has perfected the

use of NiZn chemistry in a AA

and AAA battery format to

deliver a superior power product

for use in consumer electronic

devices.

Multiple Performance Advantages

• Ni-Zn is 25% smaller because of 1.6V (versus 1.2V)

• Ni-Zn is 30% lighter: Lighter zinc electrode + Less cells

and connectors for pack packaging

• Ni-Zn is >20% more powerful: Lower cell Ω and 25%

less cells in pack

• Cost competitive with Ni-Cd, >25% less than Ni-MH

• Environmentally friendly: No Cd, Pb, As, or Hg

vs. Ni-Cd and Ni-MH

6/28

Multiple Performance Advantages

• Ni-Zn has 40% more power density (1,700 W/Kg vs. 1,200 W/Kg, continuous)

• Ni-Zn is cost effective ($0.35-$.40/Wh vs. $.60-70/Wh)

• Ni-Zn charger is simpler and is 50% less cost of a Li-ion charger

• Ni-Zn packs have 18% less energy density than Li-ion at 10 C rate

discharge (45 Wh/Kg vs. 55 Wh/Kg)

• Ni-Zn requires no power management or protection electronics

• Li-ion batteries are classified as “hazardous material” in quantities

above 96Wh adding transportation and logistics costs

• Completely safe: Ni-Zn has an aqueous (vs. organic) electrolyte

• All battery constituents will not burn

vs. Lithium-ion

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PowerDensity

(Watts/KG)

or

NiZnNiZn

NiMHNiMHNiMHNiMHLead Acid

Lead AcidLead Acid

The Bottom Line for Ni-Zn: Power at Low

Cost

• No Safety Issues for Ni-Zn with Maximum Power Delivery in Pack Environment

• No Pack Management or Safety Electronics Required

Sources: E-One Moli (Li-ion), EnerSys website (VRLA), Sanyo & BYD websites (Ni-CD & Ni-MH), PGX testing (Ni-Zn and A123)

Li-ion

NiCdNiCdNiCdNiCd

$/Watt-Hour

$0.00 $0.10 $.020 $0.30 $0.40 $0.50 $0.60 $0.70 $0.80 $0.90 $1.00

2600

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

PowerGenix Has A Winning Blend

Cost ($/Wh)

En

erg

y D

en

. (W

h/K

g)P

wr. D

en

. (W/K

g)

Recycling Cost

Ni-Zn

Li-ion

Ni-Cd

Batteries, Batteries Everywhere

HEVs

30% Smaller and

Lighter Battery

>15% Lower Cost

Power

Tools

30% Smaller and

Lighter Pack

20% More Power

Consumer

Products

First Viable

Replacement for

Existing Throw-

Away AA and

AAAs

Electric

Scooters/LEVs

40%+ More

Range

>10% Power

The Advantage

“Batteries Not

Included”

Performance at Various Discharge Rates –Production Cells

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Ce

ll V

olt

ag

e (

V)

Discharge Capacity (Ah)

0.2C

0.5C

1C

2C

3C

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 50mA

Discharge: at given rate to cut-off voltage

Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Production Lot: SA19D10-1

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

0 50 100 150 200 250

Cap

acit

y, A

h

Cycle Number

0.2C Cycle Life – Production Cells –Discharge Capacity

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA

Rest: 30 minutes

Discharge: 0.2C (300mA) to 1.3V

Rest: 30 minutes

Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Production Lot: SA19D10-1

70% of Initial Capacity

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Cap

acit

y, A

h

Cycle Number

0.5C Cycle Life – Production Cells – Discharge Capacity

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA

Rest: 30 minutes

Discharge: 0.5C (750mA) to 1.2V

Rest: 30 minutes

Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Production Lot: SA19D10-1

70% of Initial Capacity

1.0C Cycle Life – Production Cells – Discharge Capacity

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Ca

pa

cit

y, A

h

Cycle Number

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA

Rest: 30 minutes

Discharge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.1V

Rest: 30 minutes

Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Production Lot: SA19D10-1

70% of Initial Capacity

Performance at Temperature

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Discharge Capacity (Ah)

Vo

ltag

e (

V)

0C

-10C

-18C

25C

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA at ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Rest: minimum 16 hours to come to given ambient temperature

Discharge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.2V at given ambient temperature

Rest: minimum 16 hours to come to ambient temperature of 22°C ± 2°C

Self-discharge data from external testing

Testing and Data provided by UniRoss.

Nickel-Zinc: A Superior Battery Chemistry

Very Eco Friendly; Meets RoHs : EU

Ni-Zn Ni-Cd Ni-MH Li-Ion

Weight 2nd 3rd 3rd 1st

Size 1st 3rd 3rd 1st

Power 1st 2nd 2nd 4th

Run Time 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st

Safety 1st 1st 2nd 4th

Cost 2nd 1st 3rd 4th

Toxicity 1st 4th 2nd 2nd

Recyclability 1st 4th 2nd 2nd