acute gastroenteritis for pediatrics
TRANSCRIPT
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ACUTE GASTROENTERITISFOR
PEDIATRICSJamila B. Mohammad
BSN2-k
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DEFINITION
Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomachand intestines that causes diarrhea, vomiting,nausea and other symptoms of digestive upset. Inthe industrialized world, the most common causes
of gastroenteritis in children are viruses, bacteria(food poisoning), and intestinal parasites.
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ETIOLOGY
Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and parasites)
- Lack of clean water
- Crowding
- Poor hygiene
- Nutritional deficiency
- Poor sanitation
- Administration of antibiotics
- Viruses cause 70%to 80% of infectious diarrhea
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MICROORGANISMSCAUSING A.G.E
VirusesGenerally, the two main types of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
include the rotavirus and the norovirus.
BacteriaCommon bacteria that cause acute gastroenteritis include E. coli,
Campylobacter jejuni, Samonella and Shigella
ParasitesParasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum can
cause acute gastroenteritis
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
In children, symptoms of gastroenteritis include: Mild diarrhea Abdominal pain
Cramps Vomiting Irritability (fussiness) Poor appetite
Some children also have a low-grade fever orcomplain of a headache.
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-DIARRHEA
Pathogen invades the mucosal cells of the GI tract
Normal sodium and osmotic balance are disrupted
Intestinal fluid output overwhelms the absorptiveability of the GI tract.
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NURSINGROLEIN MANAGEMENTOFDIARRHEA
ASSESSMENT:
Observe general appearance and behavior.
Physical assessment include:
VITALSIGNS , WEIGHING HISTORYTAKING
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NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Diarrhea related to infectious process
Subjective cues:
Abdominal pain
Urgency, crampingObjective cues:
Hyperactive bowel sounds
Atleast three loose liquids stools per day
GOAL:
The child will reestablish and maintain normal patternof bowel functioning.
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NURSING INTERVENTIONSAND RATIONALES
Obtain baseline vital signsand monitor every 24 hours.
Observe stools for amount,color, consistency, odor, andfrequency
Test stools for occult blood
Monitor results of stoolculture and sample for ovaand parasites.
Wash hands well before an
d after contact with the child. Isolate the child until the
cause of the diarrhea isdetermined.
Fluid and electrolyteimbalancescan alter vitalbody functions
Aids in the diagnosis and inmonitoring the childs status
Frequent defecation andsome infectious organismscan cause bleeding
Rapid notification of thephysician will facilitatetreatment.
Helps prevent transmission of
microorganisms. Prevents exposure of other
patients and staff
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CONT.
Assist the child with toiletingand hygiene
Administer prescribed oralrehydration and intravenous
solutions.
Notify the physician ifdiarrhea persists, stool
characteristics change, orother symptoms ofdehydration/electrolyteimbalance occur.
The child may be weak,incontinent, physicallyimpaired, or anxious andrequire assistance to usethe bathroom
Provides necessary fluidsand nutrients
Ensures early intervention
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PREVENTION
Always wash your hands before eating and afterusing the comfort room.
Eat only properly cooked and stored food.
Bleach soiled linens used. Have vaccinations for salmonella typhi, vibrio
cholerae, and rotavirus.
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THANKS FOR VIEWING