ad 293455 - dtic · jbod poisoning. rev. ed. chicago, univ. of chicago pross, 19 49v meyer, 1. y.r...
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IkI
07, BIBLIO.tJRAPIIY ON
Cell IiOT7JLISM AND CLOSTR.IDPJM BOTIJLINJM
I.
.Published ByU~ Ij
TZCHSICLL LIBBARYO M TPICK, FBZMICK, MARYLAND
1 October 1952
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j
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM
ABD OLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
PageIntroduotion .. . . . . .T . . . . -'
I.. General . .. . .. . . . . . . . . 1II. Clinical Picture. Case Histories . . . . .... 2
1II. Pathologic Pictr-. .. ... ............. . 6IV. Diagnosis & Sero y . . ....... 7V. Clo~2idium botulinum. Culture. Metabolism ... . . . . 11
VI. Botulinum Spores .......... .. ...... 19VII. Pathogeicity. Uxperimental Botulism ...... . 22
VIII. Botulinum Toxin. Production & Purification ...... 26IX. Botulinum Toxin. Thysiological Action .3.0.... . 30L. Botulinum Toxin. Physicochemical Properties. Toxicity, 32
XI. Immunization. Toxoid.. Antitoxins . .. 38XII. Therapy ...... ...... . ............1111. Epidemiology. Responsible 4oods. . . .. . .. .. . 6XIV. Didtribution of Spores in Nature . . . . . . . 52.
XV. Botulism in Animals . . ........... . . 53Author Indek . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. .. . 58
References marked with an asterisk (e) are those which a eavailable for loan in the Camp Detrick Technical Library. Thasbibliography is being kept up to date by a file of currentreferences which is available in the library.
This bibliography was compiled from a search of the journal
literature covering the years from 2930 to about September 1952,
and including many earlier references. Sources of the references
were: Agriculture Index, Bibliography of Agriculture( Biological
Abstracts, Bulletin of Hygiene, Chemical Abstracts, Current List of
Medical Literature,, Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeons
General's Office , lourth Series, and the quarterly Cumulative Index
Medicus. Reference to an abstract has been made in many cases
where the Camp Detrick Technical T~4brary does not have the original
paper.
The references have been divided into fifteen subject
groupings, and one title has been repeated under as many groups
as seemed appropriate. Since many of the titles are not in the
Camp Detrick Technical Library, classification of those titles
under the subject groups was based only on the title of the paper.
It cannot be claimed that thbs bibliography contains all
papers published during the years covered, but It. is hoped that
no serio'is omissions have occuxred.
3BIEOSAPN On 3OTULIBN
AIM OWIOS'RIDX[M 30M•XO•"UZ.
Alsoov 0 P. A.1 and Aremenko, M. . * Kelleo V.; and letsoh, NoCampaign againAt botulism. Ivaeri.enaln bacterlology.
Sovet. Traaho Zhmr. p. 19l-1930 1936. Vol. I. OhaP. ZXI.l 2o0ulsm.p. 482 -487. 7th ed,, rev.
Eenesons Ida A. nkgloh version. London, AllenStudies on orgemnal concerned and Unvine 2934o
as causative factors an botulism.tioonlo La b. Pullo No. 136, 19224. * matveoev, K1 .
101 p. Patogenes botu1sisae Mosoo•Academy of Medical Science0 194.
Dacko G. M. 186p° (In Dissian)Jbod poisoning. Rev. ed.
chicago, Univ. of Chicago Pross, 19 49v meyer, 1. y.r184Pp. RO•ia~s, Hand1moh der
pathogenen 0iroorgani smeneDickson, 3. C. 3d e.4 Lfg. 20. Bd. IV.
Botulism - a cainical and expert- p. 1269-1364. Jonas Berlin andmental study. Monograph 8, liens Gustav •isoher & Urban &Rockefeller knst. for Ned. esi08 1918, Schwaruenberg, 1928.
r• y • F. P. * Weinberg, N.; Nativelle, Ro; and
Agents of disease and host rosis- Frevot, A. R.
tanoe, Cb..p, 40o Anaerobic bacteria. Leo microbes anaeroblesBotulism. p. 896-909. Springfield Chap. IV. Groups dm B.ailluxC. C. Thomi, 1935. botulinus. p. 295-3o41 Parie,
.asoen et Cie., 1937.G Great Britain, Mledical Research
onmoil. 0 Wilson, G. S. ; and Miles, A. A.A system of bacteriolog7 in rela- Topley and Wilson's principles
tion to medicine. Vol. 3, Chap. XI. )f bacteriology and imuanity.
Bacillus botulinuse by R. T. Hewlett, totulisa. p. 1612-1626.- J.&d.with sections by V. Bulloch and Baltimore, William and Wilkins0R. A. QýBri*n. P. 373 -406. 19246.London, H)SO 1929.
o Henning, N. W.
Animal diseases in South Africa.Section I B, ehap. 5o Botulism andLamsiekte. P. 324•o353 South Africa,Central News Agency, Ltdo, 1949o
-1.
!I 13L IOO}'i 14 i " IM
II,, CL i N i Ij: I' d i bl IUR IN9
Aitken, R . Barli.. n.,; and C" ilyM1 Ins A A.CCase of bo't~ulsm. *- -W-
AlaJ o..,
Prep tp '
Amer. ,'- . . I S" "rL( }• ,,.'
ikrfenkawmp. BI d ti--I nI4t' h E., : "od P0.1, it':tlng. Rev, ed.Tracheotomy in !,ot-tuLhf report ('C!ct'.c. Univ of Chicago Press, 1949.,
of a case. Ailn.. jtol Rhiln & Laryng58. 1093-1099 1949, rWz- P.
BotuliSm due to canned foods.Breitzke, G, Me d,, Wel t,, 11 1331 1334 1937.
Clinical study of severe familialinfection of botulism,. Med. Klin. D a~vis J, B., Mattman L, H., and37? 507 510. 1941,. Wiley, Marjorie.
Clost~Ldlum botulinum in a fatalCabrera J, M. wound infection, J., Amer, Med.
Grave paralytic botulism produced Assoc,. 1 46 646 b648 1951.by canned vegetables. study basedon 14 cases observed from 1922 to 1935- Denecha 1 Du., and Crossonneau, R.Semana Me&. 2 1253-1257, 1935- Case of botulism followed by
blindness, Arch. Md'd. dlAngerso.
Chiray. 4, : and Debray, C. p. 1 21-124ý 1947.Two forms of botulism;. one acute
hydrophobic: the other a4la lipo- iNreux, J.thymic; 2 cases. Semaine d, Hep.. Familial epidemic of benignPori s. 21' 603-6o6. 19145 botulism following ingestion of
ham, u.lL, et Mem. Soc. Mod. d.Choubrac. H9p. de Pars. 61•.' 255-256, 1945o
Botullsm, Qoncours Md.74: 671-674, 1952. Doutman, A. F., 'Oraafland, C. A.;
and Van der Velde, P. C. M.Clarenbuxg, A. , and Fijen,. J. IT. Botulism with benign courser
Food poisoning by Bacillus botu- four cases,, Nederl. tijdschr. Y.linus type B. Nederl. tiJdsachr. v. C-eneeek.. '1'I 1• 1 )'03 191.geneesko 81- 4806:4813, 1937.
.22-
II. C'inical Picture. Case Histories. I'lMokson, Zo. . Haupson, C.
Botulism a a clinical and experi- Case of botulism duo to-woundmental study. Xonogr 4 8, infection. J. Bact. 61t 647, 1951.Rockefeller Inst. for Med. Itr@. 1918.
0 Henning, N. W.'Dlman, C. Z. ; and Krr, D. Z. Animal diseases in South Africa.
Two fatal cases of botulism from Section X B. Chap. 5. Botulism andhome bottled aspateus. Canad. Med. Lansiekte. p, 32M-3. SouthA*soQo Jo 59: 412-4k14, 194s Africa, Central News Agency, Ltd..
Danoan, G. Ge; and Smith, 0. N.
Tvo suspected oases of botulism. Hirthle, R.; and Gross, H.Red. Cline North America. Infection with Bacillus botullnus.20s 265w277, 1936. leuto med. loch. 60: 1232-123;4 1934.
Piguoiredo Filho, C. P. d. Kallstenius, B.Botulism; review and case report. Four cases of botulism. Svenska
Bev. med. all., Rio do Janeiro. lIk-tidongio 321 609-613o 19350i408 285-300., 1951.
Kitcat, 0. do V.* Gay F. P. Fatal case of botulism. Srito
Agents of disease and host Med. J. 2 5680, 1935.resistance. ChMp. 4I0. Anaerobicbacteria. Botu.ismn p. 896"909. Knirech, 3.Springflold, 0o C. homs, 1935. rkrankung an Botulismus nach
Konservengenuss. Prakt. Arst.SGelger, J. C. 2: 244-246,, 194s.
Botulism outbreak, J. Amer. Red.Assoc. 117E 22, 1941. Kolesnikova, M. K,; Dorofeeva, A.A.;
and Nalkhina, T. I.G Great Britain. Medical Research Clinical aspects and serotherspy
Council. of botulism due to fish. Sovet.A system of bacteriology in rela- vrach, saku'o 41: 110-111, 1937-
tion to medicine. Vol. 3, Chap. XI.Bacillus botulinuo, by I. To Hevlett, K olle, W..; and Hetech, H.with sections by W. Bulloch and Experimental bacteriology.R. A. O'Brien. p. 3 73- 4 0 6 . Vol. I., Chap. XXXII. Botulism.London, HMBO, 1929. p. 482-487, 7th ed., rev.,
kaglish version. London0 AllenSHall, I. C. and Unwin, 1934.
Occurrence of Bacillus botulinumA and B in accidental wounds. Zrampert, 1. L.J. Bact. 50S 213-21L, 1945. Two oases of botulism. Nebraska
Hall, W. W.; and Scott, B. V. D.
Botulism. U.S. Nay. Med. Bull. 4 Lane, 0. R ; and Jones-Davies, T. 1,32- 162-170O 1934. Case of botulism with note on
bacteriologic examination of sus-pected f~od. Lancet. 2: 717-718,1935.
* -3-
JI. Glinical Picture, Case Histories.
LosenneD n t dg'ltanuk 0 $ ofOptic neurltis during bntulinuA Clinical aspects of botulism.
intoxication. Bull. Soc. d'Ophth. Polski tygodnik. Lek. is 443-445,do Paris. p. 345-348, 1947. 1946.
Lunde, S. Wrers, W. A.Botulism. Tldeskr. norskeo Botulism. Isolated case:
Laagefor. 66; 133 136, 1948. antitoxin and recovery. Med.Clin. North America. 7: 1277-1287,
MacKinnon. A. J. 1924.Clinical notes on three cases of
botulism in Ontario. Canad. Pub. Nash, F.. w0 1Health J. 24ý 32&.329, 1933. Recovery from botulisu, case.
Brit. Med. J. 2t 1199, 1934.Marsden, W. L.
Report of case of botulism with * Nash, F. W. G, ; and Fox, E. P.recovery after serum. New York Two cases of botulism. Brit.State J. Med. 44 1492 19, Med. J. 2- 966&967. 1932.
" Mas]and, R. L. and Gammon, G. D. Nicoule JEffect of botulinus toxin on BotMl sm.6 Armagnac. 27ý 54-57.
electromyogram. J. Pharmacol. & 1945oZxper. Therap. 97! 499. 506, 1949.
Olin, L. C.K latveev. K. j. Botulism. J. Tennessee Med.
Patogenes botullama. Moscow, Assoc, 2b 446-453, 1933.Academy of Medical Science, 1949.!86p. (Tn Russian) Pache0 H. L. ; and Jaquier, J. J.
A case of botulism. Rev. Med.May,, Z ; Basch, Go. Maution, B.; Suisse Rom. 69s sgo-s45, 1949.
and Laulong. L.Botulism due to raw ham, three Perlshteyn, A. Z.; and laravanov, A.G.
cases. Bull. et Mem. Soc. di. HOp. Blood transfusion in experimentalde Paris- 52 1024.1029; 1936, botulism. Eksper, Med. p. 47-51,
J936.Meisel, J.
Botulism. Monde mod., Paris. Pisani, S.54; 98-lo0, 1944. Clinical and pathologic study
of botulism. PoliclinlcotMesawd, J. (Sex. Med.) 30- 452-'8l, 1923.
Familial botullsmý case in child.Arch. Franc. P. diat. 3- Io4-i05, RAmbert, P.; and Emile-Zola, 7.1946. Fatal. forms of botulism.
Presse Mod. 54; 486-487, 1946.Mounler- Kuhn, P., MO•Lnet, P.;
Moinec'xut, J. and Favre- Gilly, Jo Rosen, H.; and ýordon, N.Deglutition disorders during Report of two cases of botulism
botul ism, simple dyssphagia and in Massachusetts- New zng3 J.paxalysis of esvphagua, with report Mead. 218k 524-526, 1938.of "ases, J. de Med.. de Lyon.27 629 632 J9 4b.
-4-
. OCinie.aI' Picture. Case Histories.
0Rousseau- and Aermann, P. Thzane, M.Optic atrophy wi'h blindness of Qphthajmologic diagnosis of en--
botulinic origin. Bull, Soc. d'Ophti. demic botulism; six cases. Ugeek.do Yarls. p. 125-127L 1948- f. laeger. 101s 1413-1417. 1939.
SchneLder, H. J.; and 2isk, Roy. Torpy, C. D.Demonstration of the toxin of Suspected botulism; two cases.
botulilm in blood and tissues. ±udian Med. Gaz. 73- 600--6U2, 1938.J. Amero Med. Assoc. 113s 2299-230O,1939. Velikanov, 1. M.
Clinical aspects of botulism.Shklovskaya, S. S Sovet. Yrach. 0az. p. 741-744, 1934.
Clinical aspects of botulism.Klin. Med. 13ý 714-- 71 7 , 1935. Weber, H.
Electrocardiographic di sbturbancesSlutskly, I, S.; Oovseev, A. A.; and caused by botulinue toxin. compt.
Rossin4 S. A. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1268 1031-1033,Clinical aspects of botulism. 1937.
Vrach. Delo. 179 309-318, 1934.Weber, H.
Staircievica, G. Electrocardiographic picture inNew data on botulism. Med. poisoning with bacterial toxins.
Wet- 78 181-194, 1951. Polska Gazo Lek. 168 804D 1937.
* Templeton, W.L. L Weinber& M.-; Nativelle, B., andTwo fatal cases of botulism. Prevot, A. R.
Brit. Med. J. 2, 500-501, 1935. "es microbes anaerobies. Chap. IV,Grtope du Bacillus botulinus.
* Thomas, C. G.- Keleher, M. F.; and p.0295-341• Paris, Masson et Cieo,
McLeeo A. P. 1937.Botulism, a complication of
Clostxidium botulinum wound infection.Arch. Path. 51 623 -628. 1951.
*-5-
D3-kosrn • 2' -2 -
BotIIi~ sm a c1 Io -III I ,.-Me1t &I S tdl t. M ,
• 'I) V• t . 1 . ' " •.
o pt -lt w1 ,tr 1-1. . , *j tit Vi ;t. . -" t ' .0
mental bct.jl a i j tI •.n n Exp8i su8tept I~ ll ty a], I,,t hv ol Cal
Med. 39 924* 63,, l924 alteratIonsa Ainer J, Vet.. Roes.12 355 363 1952.
"DoA..k G M.Behavi-r .-f botujInu In ;o xi 1n Pisan% S•
alimentary -a.. t of sato ,trid tg'nrnea Clinic.al and pathologic studypigs. J nfec. Dlo.. .56 1-1 I4 1 of botuliem. PollIclinico ( Sez.1926. Med. ) 30 45 2 .-491, 1923.
Dittmar,. F. ' Sha~v. D. E.Neurologic and pethogenic aspectb Hist)]ogIc study of effects,of
of endemic botu.lism., Nervenarzt b,:tu3.irjia polsoning on livers of12- 54h 556 )939" gunea :).'s J, Clin. Inves,,
bT ,-7 693 394(,tDobbers.:IDj, J, and P:enint ,J.
The pathclcgv, of the ,:entral Sy aku 11 and Menowitsch K,nervous system 3n ani mal s botul 1sr Path. I g-.c. chuin(ges in expeqr -in swans. Ber]. Tlera:ztl. Woch. MnIV. ti,, Frankfurt..49 549 552 1933, Zet I. PAth 16 2G1 2(,)5 ?"9,
Ndmunds C. W_ and Long P. H, ' Thomas C '. Keleher Y. F.Contribution to the pathologic &rl KcKee A P.
physiology of botulism. J, Amer.. Bo t ul ism a complication ofMed. Assoc. 82 542 547.. 1923. Cloorrii)ium bu.>ulinum wound infec
tion, I-hý, PatM.o 51 623' 628.YZlerova, S. L- ZhitcmZ,.rskayao V,. M., 1952.
and 4vcharenko, E. P.,Changes of the central nervous Wilbur R, L,' and Ophulus. W•
system in botulism. Soveto Bota:ism.. A repor't of' oadlikhonevrol. No, 28 52-58, 1937. poisoning apparently due to eating
of canned. string beans, withpathological report of a fatal case.Arch. Inter. Medo i4: 5980 1914.
+6-0
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTRIflIM BOTULINUM
IV. DIAGNOSIS & SEROLOGY
Bengteon. Ida A. Chiray, M.; and Dobray, C.Mirect inoculation test for Two forms of botulism; one
B. botulinus toxin,, rub. dealth acute hydrophobic; the other mildRepte.. 36. 1665-1671,, 1921, lipothymic, two cameo. Semaine
d. Ho6p. Paris. 21, 6o3-606, 1945.Bergman. Rolf; Insulander, Sten;
and Lindblad, Tngvar. Dankerovits, A. K.; andSerologically verified epidemic Zelevinskaya, S.. A.
of botulism in Stockholm involving Comparative valqe of methods offive members of a family. Acta titration of anti-botulinic serumsMed. Schad. 8A4 496-516, 1935- on rats and guinea pigs. J. Apidem.Biol. Abstr. # 8761, 1936. Mikrob., Moscow. 21 68-73, 1933.
0 Boroff, D. a.,, Raynaud, Marcel; Dickson, 3. C.and Prevot, A. R. Botulism - a clinical and experi-Studies of toxin of Clostridium mental st.hdy. Monograph 8,
botulinup type D. J. I•no Rockefeller Inst. for Med. Res.
68g 503-512, 1952. 1918.
* Bronfenbrenner, J..; and Beichert, AO. Dickson, Z. C.The flocculation of botulinus toxin Diagnosis of botulls. Med.
antitoxin mixtures. roc. Soc. Olin, North Amerioa. 61 1423-1431,Zxper. Biol. Red. 221 391-393, 1923-1924--1925o
l Domlan, C. Z. ; Chang, H.; Kerr, D. 3X.0 Bronfenbrenner, J.; and Reichert, and Shearer, A. 3
-Phlip, Fish-borne and type 3 botuligm|'The nature of the toxin-antitoxin two oases due to home pickled herring.
flocculation phenomenon. J. Exper. Canadc J. Pub. Aalth. 41: 215-229,"Red. 44.4 553-565, 1926- 1950.
Bronfenbrenner, Jo; Schlesinger, M. J,;and Calasans, S.C. 00eDbovsky, Bertha J.; and Meyer, Lo .Typing of different strains of An experimental study of the
3. botulinus by Imaunologic methods. methods available for the enrich-rroc. So,. Bxper. Biol. Med. ment, demonstration, and isolation19s 21-?&, 1921. Ohen. Abstr. of B. botulinue in specimens of178 1976'. soil and its products, In suspected
food, in clinical and in necropsyBrygoo, 3. I. material. I. J. Infe. Die.
The haesolysin of 01. botulinum 1: 501-5W40, 1922.type D. Ann. Inst. Pasteur,79g 795-798, 1950- Bull-•.o . Duncan, G. G.; and Samth, 0. I.25: 1187, 1950. Two suspected cases of botulism.
Med. Olin. North Amirica.201 265-277L 1936.
* -7-
IV. Diagnosis & Serology.
* Falk, J. S , and Powdermaker, F. * Gunnison, Janet B. ; andThe effect of hyd-rogen-ion Schaenholz FP,
concentrat'on on certain antigenic Studies on the serologic classi-properties of Ci. botulinumo fication of B. botulinuu. III,J- Infec, Di8o 37ý 514-519, 1925- The complement fixation reaction.
Jo Immun, 138 79-92, 1927.* Gey, F. P.
Agents of disease and host Gunniaon, Janet B. ; andresistance. Chap. 4u. Anaerobic Schoenholt, P.bacteria. Botulism. p. 896.-909. Studies on the serologic clasli-Springfield, C. C. Thomas., 1935. fication of B. botulinus. IV. The
precipitin reaction. J. Immun.Geurden, L. X. 13s 237-241, 1927.
Comparative study on botulismant Botulinus bacilli. Koninklijke hall, I. C.; and Peterson, Z. C.Vl"Amse Acad. Geneesk. van *elgie. The detection of *4aclus7: 121-143, 1946. botulinus and Bacillus totani in
soil samples by the constrictedGlotowa, Z. V.; and Mankerowits, A.K. tube method. J. Bacto 9: 201-209,
Standardization of botulinum 1924.antiserum. Zent. f. Bakto Abt. I1133s 155,-158, 1935. H azen, Elizabeth L.
Incitants of human botulism.
Graham, R.; and Schwarse, H. Science. 87: 413-414, 1938.Differentiation of type A and
type B botulinus toxins in food, a Easen, Elizabeth L.rapid and simple method. J. Amer. Strain of Bacillus botulinus notMod. Assoc. 76& 1743j1744, 1921. classified as type A, B, or G.Chem. Abstr. 159 36573. J. Infec, Dis. 6: 260-264, 1937.
G reat Britain. edical Research Easen. Blisabeth L.Council, Two strains of Clostri•44aA system of bacterioloa in boMlinus type 11 Incitaz* of
relation to medicine. Vol. 3o Chap, human botulism. Health News• ,XI. Bacillus botulinus, by R. T. Now Ybrk State Dpt. Health.Hevlett, with sections by 15(09): 162, 1933.W. Ballooh and .. A. O0 3rieh. Ohem. Abstr. 341 17033.p. 373-4o6. Londo0, HSO, 1929.
Jakobktevios, J,Prilichess, R. r. Botulinum antltoxial prepara-
Laboratory dl&gmoeis of botulism, tion and titr&tione. Nod. eDviados.Schveiz. Zeit. Yath. u. Bakt. i 8pol 21: 1-22, 1936.6 203-21 19o 3
"Jasmin, A. X.Gunnison, Janet B. lahis activitr in OloestrIfA
Studies on the antigenic sub- hemolyticum toxin. Amer. J. Vet.stances of Clostridium parabotulinum. Res. 8: 289-293, 1947.J. Immun. 26: 17-k*4. 193)4.
Zt. ,Danpai om&8•biS"OU~l
JoIrleo 1.: and 4iaoet, L. emmel, dVoing and4 Glanieonovgstmorten diagnosis of btuliL Jmt B.
Ast. Wlin, ,elg. 51 978-2799 195D. Studses of the aatipa"4 eb-Otauoe ef 01. botulimum. =111.
* laoer 3. A. I. OoapLonent fixing subetances
the Identification of Be botullaus In aloohelio extracts. J. 1mm.aM its toxin in cutuoe and in 16: 403-409o 192,canned foodstuffs by serologioalmethods. Amer. J. Pub. Sealth. Longs, D.
U3s 365-376o 1923. Sorologic test for t.e diagnosisof botulile; value In differentiation
lissina, XD from epidemic oneephalitio; case.The reaction in vitro of botulinus Peolaliniaoo Seo. Prat.
toxin with Its antitoxin. Toprosy 438 1355-1362 1936.Pitanlya. 5(5), 93-96L 1936.Cho., Abstro 31: 14550. * Lwenthal, J. r.; and Lassnns, Carl.
Factors affecting the betulinal
* zolleo V;W and Retsch. N. hesaULutlnation reaction, and thepoerimental bacteroleovf. Vol. I, relationship between heomautina-
may. XII. Rotulism. p. 1482-487- ting activity and toxicity of toxin
7th ed., rev,, hngllsh version. preparations. Amr. J. 4yg.
London, Allen and Unvin, 1934. 54, 342-353, 1951.
* Lamanoa Carl. * T oOlUngo L. S.
nomagglutination by botulinal Studies on anaerobic bacterLa.
toxin. &roc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Ned. ; Beat stable and heat labile
69: 332-336, 1948- iatigens in botulinus and relatedgroups of spore-bearing anaerobes.
* J~manna Carl; and Doak, Beatrice V. Jo Xnfeo. Dis. 60: 122-128, 1937.Antigen-antibody reaction with
type A botulinal toxin. J. inuw. * NoClung, L. S.; and Toabeo Rath.
598 231-247, 191so The egg yolk plate rbaotion forthe presumptive diagnolis of
"0 li.umaa, Carl- and Loventhal, J. P. Clostridium sporogenes and certainThe lack of identity betveen species of the gangrene and botulina.
hemagglutinin and the toxin of type groups. J. Bate 53: 139-1147,A botulinae orgaznism. J. Bact. L947.61,• 75l-752, 1951.
6 M5Clung, L. S.; and Taobe, Rath.
Lavergne, V..; and Abel, 3, Rapid identification of certainBiological diagnosis of botulism. Clostridia by plate cultures on
Rev. d'Hyg. 47ý- 950-962, 1925. medium containing egg yolk.J. Bac.t. 51? 577-578, 1946.
Legroux, B.0 ; and Jerauec, C.Bacteriologic diagnosis of H )atveev, K. 1.
botulism. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. Patogenes botulissm. Moscovo
69: 47, 1943- Academy of Medioal Science, 1949.L86p, (In %Aesian)
*-9-
IV. Diagnosis & aerologT.
Meyer, L ' and Gu eno Janet B. 0 Schoenhols, P. ; end Neye', 1. 1.Oloetrldium botulinum type D, Studies on serologic olassifica-
now species. -rreo Sao. Zxper. Diol. tion of B. botullnus. XIII.Ned. ,z26 88, 1928-1929. 1, Preparation of antluerum.
I. Infeo. Die. 321 417-Wo 1923M/ yer, X, F.; and Ounalson, Janet B.
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J. BaAt. 551 61-69, 1948. on carkon dioxide and aerobic spores.J-. Bacto 551 331-339P 1948.
W ynne, Z. S. ; and foster, Jo W.Physiologic studios on spore Vynne, Z. 8.; and Harrell, K.
germination with special reference Germination of spores of cegtaln
to Oleitridiun botulinum. II. Clostridium species in the presencequantitative aspocts of germination of penicillin. Antibiotics &
process. J. Bact. 55- 69-73, 1948. Dhemotherapy. 1: 198-202, 1951.
BIBLIOGRPHT ON BOTULISM A GLOBTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
T1. BOTULINUM SPOUlS
A Andersen, A. A. C Coleman, G. 3.offect of ofbtilin on the spores Germination of spores of B.
of Cloetridium botulinum. J. Bact. botkulinus in collodion sacs in
64: 145-15o, 1952. abdomen of guinea pigs and rabbits.J. Infec. Dis. 33: 3•84-390, 1923,
A Andersen, A. &.A rapid plate method of counting * Coleman, G. B.
spores of Clostbridium botulinum. Intramuscular infection ofJ. B3dt. 62: 425-432. 1951. guinea pigs with spores of 0l.
botulinum. Amer. J. Nyg.
* Burke, Georgina S. 9: 47-56o 1929. Biel. Abstr.Stadies on the thermal death time #28577, 1930.
of spores of Clostridium botulinum.2, The differential staining of 0 Curran, H. R..; and Iran@, 1. R.living and dead spores. J. Infeo. The activity of penicillin inDie- 32: 433-43,8 1923-. relation to bacterial spores and
the preservation of milk.Burke, Georgina S. J. Bact° 52: 89-98, 1946.
Studies on the tnermal doathtile of spores of "lostridium X.okson, J. 0.botulinum. "ormanoy or slow germina- Dormancy or delayed germinationtion of spores under optimum growth of spores of Olostridium botulinumconditions. J. Infet. DiSc subjected to heat, Proc. Soco.
33: 274-2•4, 1923- Riper. Biol. Med. 25: 426-427,1928.
-19-
YZ•. hetuliama Spr.w.•
mrakesa, 4 0. j fbtka, B. B., et al. oester, J, .; W;And Vino, S. S.Botil,,:sa a meShod for deterWM Pby'iologie studies an qpore
the thermal dath time of the spores germination vith specIal reforeceof Ba*lltus botulinus. Proe. Soo. to Oleutrdiusm betulinum. IY.Zzpear. 3el. Amle 19: 99-101, Inhibition of go-adnatlon by1921-1922. unsaturated 01 fatty acids.
Mo kson, 1. G.; Burks, G. S.;Becko Do; and Johnston, J. James, L. L.8t*i&" on the thermal death Iffeots of frooesag on spores
time of spores of Glostridiui and toxin of Cleotridium botulizm.botu~linux. IT, the resistance of Jo ½nfoo. -Mo. 52s 236-2~41, 1933."spores to heat and the dormancy orde.•iiyod geraination of spores vhich o ,oppie, J.have been subjected to heat. The Pathogezoloty of the sporesJ. Infeo. Die. 36' 472-783, 1925. of Clostridium botulimua J. Byso
9, 36-45, 1951.*oksoz, Z. C.; Buzkv, G. S. ;
Book, D.; Johnston, J.1 and anA 0. weline, a. Thermal processes for canned
Studies on the thermal dath marine products. Univ. Californiatit~ of spores of Clostridium Publ., Pub. Health. 2: 1-173, 19J5.bo ultinuu. Preliminary report. Jo
Amer. lied,. Assoc. 79: 1239-124O, o Lang, 0. V.o; a nd Dean, S. J.1922o Heat resistance of Cloetridiun
botulinu, in canned sea foods.• Diero Carrie 0. J. Infec. Die. 55: 39-59, 1934.
Resist&=e cftporeos of B. botulinuOto disinfectants. XVIII. J. Infoo. 0 Leifson, Zinar.Dis. 35, 156-176, 192 4. Bacterial. &pores. J. Bact.
,211 331-356c 1931.* Nsty, J. A.
The heat resistaace of 3. botulinus 01soný A. N4,; and Scott, W. J,opore. Amer. J. Pub. "ealth, The enumration of heated13S 108-113, 1913. bacterial "pores. I. lxperiments
with Clostridium botalinua andM sty, J. R.; and Neyer, . 7. ,)ther species of Clostridium.
The heat resistance of the spores Australian J. Sci. Re.of B. bottlinum and allied &anarofte. 31 21P-233, 1950.II. J. Inlfec. Z.o 311 650-663, 1922.
0 Sahoenhols. P.; Zaty, J. L; andSivans, P. R. - and Curran, H. IL Meyer, K. 1.
Esters of Yanillic acid as spore Toxin production and signs ofcontrolling agents. Food Be@. spoiLage in oolrcially canned13: 66-69, 1948. vegetables and fruits inoculated
with detoxified Pporeu of
B. botu.inus. 111. J. Infec. Die.~3:3 289--327- 2923,
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VI. Botulinum Spores,
" Sommer•, Z, W. Weissý HoHet resistance of the sports of The heat resistance of spores
Clostridium botulinuat J; lnfech witn special reference to the spores1i19 46! 8a5-il4 1930o of B, botulinuso J. Infec, Disc
29: 70-92, 192Loe Starin, V. A.
Viability and toxicogunic power Williams '0 B3of small numbers of spores of CI. The heat resistance of bacterialbotulinum subjected to different spores. JL Infec. Die.temperatures. J. Infeco Dis. 44. 421-465- 1929ý39! 101-105, 192&
* Williams, 0o B,. and Blair, Z. 3o* Starin, W. A, ; and Dack, G, Ms Spore formation in synthetic media
Pathogenicity of Olostridium by Clostridium botulinumn Bact.botu-linum° J. Infeq Di. troco 195D; 62ý 1950.36: 383-412, 1925.
0 Williams, 0, B0; and Fleming, T. C.Stumbo, C. B. j 1uhrphy, J. As; and Subtilin and the spores of
Cochran, J. Clostridium botulinumo AntibioticsNature of thermal death time & Chemotherapy, 2 75-78, 1952.
curves for P.A. 3679 and Clostridiumbotu.linu=m0 Food Tech. 4; 321-326. * Williams, 0o B,; and Reed. J. M.1950. Significance of incubation temper-
ature of recovery cultures in deter-* Sugiyama, I mining spore resistance to heat.
Studies on factors affecting the J. Infec Dies 71: 225-227, 1942,heat resistance of spore' ofClostridlum botulinum. :, Bacto Wyant Zo N_; and Sormington, R,62: 81-96; 1951o The influence of various chemical
and physical agencies upon Bacillus* Sugiyama, H. botulinus Bid its spores; resistance
SyMosium on the biology of to asaIt. J, Bact, 5; 553-557. '920.bacterial spores. VIIz Effect offatty acids on the heat resistance "Wymnn Sof Clostrdidu.m botulinuz spores, Physiological studies on sporeBact. Rev. 16: 125-126: 1952. formation in Clostridluz botulinumo
J. Infetc Die. 83? 243-249. 1948.Suiyaaa, H.; and Dack, G. X.
Some studies on the heat resis- Wyrana, Zo S., and 1 oster, J. V.tance of spores of Clostridlum Physiologic studies on sporebotul.inum. Cong. Res. Proc. germination with special referencep. 74-79 1949. to Clostridium botu.linumo I1
Development of quantitative method.SSylmpoSium on the biology of bacter- Jo Bact.. 55r 6--69 1948.ial spores, by 0. B. Williams, CarlLammaIa, Gerges Snaysi. et a1.Bact. Rev- 16; 89-113- 1952.
Tanner. F. WV; and. McCrea. 7, D..osutridium botulinu.m; resis-
tance of spores to moist heat.S. Bact. J8 26ý-276 1923. .21
Vl Botullnum -por s
" Wynn ,e -. S ' and -oster J., W * Wyn-n -E and F-.sBer. J, ;'.,Physiologic'studies on spore Phyc.ologic etudies or. spore
germination with special reference germaration with special referenceto Clostridium botulinu=- 1:, to Ciostridium botulinum,, 1 T :
quantitative a~pects of germination Caxbon dioxide and germination,process. J, Bact. 55 7 6973 1949 with note on cazbon dioxide and
aero.1c spores. J, 5act,5 5 331-339 1949-
BIBLIORA&PHY ON 30T'JLISM & CLOSTRIDIUM BOTUJLINUM
VII. PATEOGENIC.TY, F3:P.RIEM7-TAL BOTLISM
* Becgtson, Ida A, C2urch FrDirect inoculation test for Experimental effect of B.
B. Votulinus toxin. Pub. "ealth botulinus toxin and cultures on
Rapt.. 36: 1665-1671, 1922. guinea pigs, Wisconsin Mad. J.22- 135136- 1923ý
Bengtson, Ida A,Studies on organisms concerned Coleman. G, Z,
as causative factors in botulism. Germination of spores of B,
E~ygienic Lab. Bull, No, 136o botulinus in collodion sacs in1924. lOlp. abdomen of guinea pigs and rabbits.
J Infec. Dis. 33 3s914390: 1923o* Bishop, G. E4; and Bronfenbrenner, J.
Site of action of botu.inus 0 0o0emnn. G. 3.
toxin. Amer. J. Physiol. Intra.-icul&r infection of
117: 393-4o4, 1936. guinea pigs with spores ofCl. bc~ulinumo Amer. J° Hyg.
Bluaberger K. J.; and Gross, I 9; 47-56, 1929.Infection with Baoillus botulinue.
Lout. Med. Woch. 6,! 1451-1455, 0 C1leman. G. Z. ; and Meyer, K. 1.1936. Some observations on the
pathogenicity of B. botulinus.
• konfenbrenner, J. J.; Sobleminger, L. J. Infec. Die. 31 622-649,•M. J. ; and Orr, r. 1. 1922,Cause of immediate death by
large doses of botulinus toxino Cowdry, Z. 7o. and Nicholson, FM.J. Zxer. Ned. 40: 81 -89, 1924. An histologc study of the
central nervous system in experi-
* Burrov, William. mental botulism poisoningoZffect of tyrosine on botulinuz J, £xpero Med. 39: 924-936, 1924.
toxin. -'roc. Soc. Uxper. Biol,
ed.. 3): 823-835, 1933@
-22-
VII. Pathogenicity. Experimental Botulism.
0Dack, U. M. and Wood, W. L. T Gay, P, Pc
Serum therapy of bot'Ulism in Agents of disease and hostmonkeys, J. Infec, Dis. reaistances Chap. 4, Au"aerobic42! 209-212; 1928= bacteria, Botulism, p. 896-909•
Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1935.Dankerovits. A. K.; and
Zelevinskayaz S. As S Geiger. j, C.Comparative value of methods of The possible danger of absorp-
titration of anti-botulinic serums tion of toxin of B. botulinuson rats and guinea pigs. J. Spidem. through fresh wounds and from mucou"Nikrob.; Moscow. 2! 6&-73o 1933- surfaces. Amer. J. Pub. %ealth.
14! 309-310. 1924.Dickson, E. C.
Botulism - clinical and experi- GrahAM, R.; and Iriksen, Z.mental study. Monograph 9, Uperimental botulism in dogs.Rockefeller leut° for Mod. Reso J. Infec. Dis. 31: 402, 1922.1915.
e Great Britain. Kedical ResearchDickson, .. Co Coun cil,
The present status of the A eyetem of bacteriology inbotulinum problem. I. Pathogenicity, relation to medicine. Vol, 3,toxicology, and imunology. J. Chap. X1. Bacillus botulinue,Prevent. Med. 1; 71-83. 1926. by R. T. Hewlett, with sections byBull. Hyg. 2i 467-468, 1927. W. Butlloch &ad R. A. O'Brien.
p. 373-406. London, HMO, 1929.Dickson. E. C.; and Shevsky, E. J9
Botulism. Studies on the manner Gumnnison, Janet B.; and Meyer, K. 1.in which the toxin of Clostridium Susceptibility of MaaacuCs rhesusbotalinum acts upon the hnman body• monkeys to botuolism toxin B, C, anaeffect upon autonomic nervous D. Proc. loc. Exer. Biol. Mod.system. J. R.~or. Ifed. 26! 89-90. 1929.37: 711-731, 1923.
0 ownnion, Janet B. ; and Meyer, 1. F.* Dickson0 E. C.; ad Shevsky. R. J. Susceptibility of monk••s,
Botulism. Studies on the maunner goats, and small animls to oralin which toxin of Clostridium administration of botulinum toxinbotulinum acts upon the human body; types B, Cý and D. J. Infet. Dis.effect upon voluntary nervous eye- 46! 335-340, 1930.ten. J. Zxper. Med.38: 327-346, 1923. • Eall, I. C.; and Davs, N. C,
M. influence of calcium m .•nDickson; 3. C.; and SbevskT, R. J. chloride upon experimental botulism.
Botulism; a study of the action J. 2iper. Med. 37: 585-598, 1923.of the toxin of B. botulinum uponthe living tissues. Proc. Soc. H e4nMIng, X. W.Exper. Biol. Med.. 1 313. 1921. Animal diseases in South Africa.Chem. Abstr. 16: 11069, Section I B. CAp 5. Botulism
and L.usiekt,, p. 32"-53.South Africa, Central N1*s Agency,Ltd., 1949.
-23-
II. Pathogenicity. Ezperimental Botulisj.
Hattche0 H. 0. ; and Stramsburger, H. Legroux RB.,; and Levaditi, J. 0.Effect of iron, manganese and 1xperinental botulism in dog;
copper salts in lethal tetanus and question .f natural botulism.botulin intoxication of nice. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 731 105-115,Zeit. f. Imsunitltuforech. u. exper. 1947.Therap. 97: 109-120, 1939.
Iogrouzx ,; and IUvadlti0 J. 0.Jacquet, J.; and frdvot, A. R. Procaine hydzochloride infil-
Research on experimental equine tration of carotid bifuroation andbotulism. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. and experirUetal botulism of minea91t 334-337, 1951. pig. Coapt. Eer. Boo. Biol.
139: ses-s8oo 1945.,"zoppie, J. Chat. Abstr. 4: 51404o•
The pathogenicity of thb sporesof CloutUdAiu botu.linum. J -'g. Legrouz, L; and L~aditi, J. G.49: 36•45ý 1951. Serotherapy of experimental
botulism in g&inoa pig. Ann, last.lolles, . ; and Setso, H. Past@=, 72z 216-221, 1946.
Xxpariaental bacteriology. Biol. Abstr. #2458, 1948yol. I. Chap. XXXII. Botulism.p. 482-487. 7th ed.d rev., Anglish Legroux, B.; Levaditi, J. 0.1 andversion. L.ondon, Allen and Unvin, Jeramso C%19314. Ihfluenoe of rontes for Intro-
ducing toxin of botulim of rabbit.-do, Thuo. Ann. Inst. Pasteur. 71 24904I93P
Experimental research on the 19245pathogenicity of B. botulinus.Japanese J. ,xper. MedL 9: 373-394, Leuepux, B.; levaditio J. 0.; and1931. Biol. Abstr. #13672, 1932. Lauy, B
EXperimntal botulism of theLegroux, A.; J4ranec, C.; and horse, and the question of hatural
$fond, L. bota.ism. Ann. Inst. PastuLr.Destruction Cfbacterial toxins 72: 545-552, 1946.
by proteases produced by micro-organism, Ann. Inst. Pateur. Xauon, J. R.; &Ad Ste ms, X73, 828-830, 1.47. The 1un"isation of 'ea pipChem. Abstr. V1 8998e. aainst the toxins of Ol. b5ti1ia.t
types 0 andD. ;. South AfzloafLegroux, I.; and Levaditi, J. C. Yet. Mod, Amsoc. 9(2)1 71-73, 1938.
Degree of inhibition of pathogenicpower of botulizns Soxin following Matyeev, L I.contact with brain substance. Patogmes botuliumm.. ' Meoe,An. nlst. Pasteur. 721 40-4•4, Aoademy of Medical Bcience, 19o491946. 1869. (In shevisa)
C Legrouz, R,.; and Levaditi, J. C. K.ller, 0. ; and Nelson; 0. 1.Distribution of botulinus toxin 0heica1 inhibition of botainum
in the blood and its eliainmtion in toxinZ. roo. North Dakota Load.the urine during exaeriaental botu- SOLo 1: 3-37, 19ig4.linus poisoning. .orpto Read. Soc. Chem. Abstr. 42: 5555f.Bmol. 141: 996-998, 1947.
-24-
VII. Pathogenicity, ]pb imental Botulism.
tinervin, I. L X.; and S8F9kq I.; and Menlovitsoh, 1.Iotlyar.1 vska, 3. 1. Pathololoc oanges in eopez1-Nechani., of pathogenic action of mnstal botulism. Preakfart. Zeit.
baotesAa of botulisa; ezperixMtal f, Path. 381 261-265, 1929.study. Mrper. Ned. p. 19-30, 1936.
Theiler, A.z and Robinson, 3. M.Orr, P. ', Botaioi uu in domesticaotd animal;
2he pthoge•Acity of B&oillus definition, h.istOry literaturebotulinue. J. Wofe. Me*. .revi e and e zr ri nenWal. Zeit. f.301 118-127, 1922. Lnfektionskr. auetiere.31: 165-220, 1927.PeWluhteyn. A. 1.; and Zaravanov, A.G.
Blood transfusion in experimental Torrance, C. 0.botulism. Uksper, med. p. 47-51, Comparison of the effect of193& different toxic bzcterial products
upon the adrenals of guinea pigs.S Starin, V. A.; and eck .G. J- Bact. 33: 65, 1937.
Pathogenioity of ClostridiumbOtulinua. J. Infec. Xs5. 36! W Valker, A. B.383-412, 1925. Relation between r*aes disease'
of horses and botulism. Brit. J.Sterna, Max; and Masone J. H. Zxper. Path. 10: 352-360, 1929.
The imz•unsation of gainea pigsagainst the toxino of C1. botuliznun Winberg, M.; and Goy, P.typae C and D. S. South African Oral and subcutneous vaccinationVet. Med. Assoc. 9: 71-73, 19P. of animals against botulinur, poison-Biol. Abstr. #11831, 1938. ing, especially vith anatoxino
Co-pto Rend. Soc. Biol.* Stryker, W. A.; and Janota. Martha. 93: 430-432; 1925.
VYtamIn A deficiency andintestinal permeability to bacteriaand toxin. J. Infec. Die.69: 234-247, i941.
W* -25.-
BIBLIOGBAPHY ON BOTULISM & C14STRIDIUX BOIULINUM
VIII. EOTTULINUYM TOXINe PRODUCTION & PURI7ICATION0
Abrama 0 A. ; Kegeles, G.; and Bronfenbrenner, J.; anddottleo G. A. Schbeminger, X. J.Purification of toxin from The precipitation of botulinua
Clorstridium botulinum type A. toxin with alcohol. Proco Soc.J. Biol. Chem. 164: 63-79ý 1946. Exper, Biol. Med. 18, 304, 1920-21.
Belorusekaya. Y. M. * Dr G. N; and Wood, V. L.3ffect of carbon dioxide on The mohanism of toxin production
growth and toxin formation in Bacillus by Clostridium botulinuzm J. Infec.botulinus. Voprosy Pitaniya. Di., 422 213-217, 1928.9(1-2)1 61-64, 1940. .Chem. Abstr. 35-: 60028. 6 •ck G. K. Wood• V. Lo; and
Dehler, S. A.Belorusaka~ya, To Y. Toxin production and proteolytic
The effect of sodium chloride activity of Clostridium b-otulinumconcentrations on the to.i•n of in peptone and peptone egg whitebacillus btulinus and on the capacity med/ium. J° Infec. Die. 42! 176-of toxin formation. Voprosy Pitaniya. 178 1928.s(4), 59-67, 19•9oChem. Abstr. 3N 79648 ' Dozier Carrie C.
Inhibitive influence of sugarsBelorusskaya, F. X. and salt on viability, growth, and
Toxin formation in salted toxin production of B, botulinue.red-meat fish infected with spores J. lafeco Die, 35; 134-155, 1924.of B. botulinue. Voprosy ritaniya.8(6): 90-i01 1931. 0 Duier, Carrie C.; Wager, Z.; and
Meyer, K. 3.Bengtson, Iga A. Effect of glucose on biochemical
Studies Dn organisms concerned activities; including growth andas causative factors in b-tulism. toxin production of B, botulinus.Hygienic Lab. Bull, No- 136- Xv. Jo Infece Die. 34; 95-102,1924. 191p. l924,
* Bengtson, 4da A. Glotovao 3. V.; and Chebota&"eva,A toxin-producing anaerobe S, V.
isolated principally from fly larvae; The influence of lactic acidits relation to the organimsi microorganisms on the formation ofhitherto known to be causative factors toxin by B. botulinus in acidin the production of botulimm. soybean milk preparations.rub. Health Ropts. 38- 34o-344', 1923o Voprosy Pitaniya, 7(3): 132-133
1938. Choe, Abstro 34? 7325g." Boroff, D. A.; Raynaud: Marcel;
and Privott A- R,Studies of toxin of Clostridium
bot'.Llinum type D. J. Io mun.68: ý-3-5l22 l9522
VIII. Botulinum Tozin. Production & Purification.
Hall, I. C.; and Peterson, 3. Lamanna, Carl et al.
The effect of certain bacteria The purification and crymta~lli&-
upon the toxin prodiction of tion of ýlostridium botulinum tye
Bascillus botulinue in vitro. J. A toxin. Off. ftbo Bdo Dapt.Bazt. 8, 319-341, 1923. PB 41A, 19945. St.
SBelson, V. A. ; Stevenson, J. W., La omna, Carl; 3klund, H. V. ; aWand Reed, G. 3. Mcilroy, 0. 3.Tield of botulinum toxin in Botulinum toxin (type A) includ-
concentrated media. ("n" J. Rem. ing study of shaking with chloroform
Sect. 3. 25: 25-32, 1947. as step in Isolation procedure.J. Beet, 52: 1-13= 1946.
Hosoy07 Seigo; Stafanopou.lo, G. J.;and Kiyata. S. Lumanna, Carl; and Glassman, H. I.Purification of botulinic toxinv. Isolation of type B botulinum
Compt. Rend. Soc. Biolo 99: 11 toxin. J. B'ct. 541 575-594,1928. Chem. Abutr. 231 1439-? 1947.
• HBttle, G. A.; and Abrans, A, * Lamnna, Carl? Mclroy, 0. 3.; and
Detoxification of cryatalline Sklund, H. W.botulinum type A toxin. J. Inmn. Purification and crystallization55: 183-187. 1947o of Clostridium botulinum type A
toxint Science. 103: 613-614,R Rattle, G. A.; ligg, Clara; and 1946.
Laichty: J. A.Studies on botulinum toxoid, l* Zifson, Einar.
types A and B; methous for deter- Bacterial spores. J. Bact.ailing antigenicity in aimals. 21: 331-356, 1931.J. Igun. 55i 255-262ý 1947. Biol. AbStro #1479; 1934,
•James; L. H. •Lewis, K. H.; and Hillo A. T.Iffects of freezing on spores eractical media and control
and toxin of CloutridLiui btulinum. meanures for producing highly tqxcJ. Infec. Dim. 52. 236-241, 1933- cultures of CloetridiuA botulinum
type Ak Jo Bact. 539 213-230;* Jordan, Z. 0. ; and Dack. G. M. 1917.
Iffect of Cl. sporogenes onCl. botulinum. J. Infec. Dim. Messing, V.; and Semich, H.351 576-580, 1924. The relation of the oxidation-
reduction potential of ClostridiumKayukova, 1. I.; and Hremer, T. A. botulinuptAltures to toxin forma,-
Development and toxin formtion tion. J. Microbiol. Zpidemiol. iof Bacillus botulinue in mixed I=.nobiol. 15: 665-667. 1QiScultu.res, Microbiology (USSR). Chem. Abstr. 301 4532a.9: 585-593, 194o.Chem. Abstro 35ý 4057
-27-
e
ZX. •.tulimu ToexIn. Produotion & Purification.
MItaoll,, 0. A., Wa•lr, L V. L. Stlzb., K.&a *4o z'ber, D. G. otuali.au toxin. Arc. In.Isolation of 01. botulinue from 'ath., Leipsig. 96: 123-259, 1923.
oat cram. Oanad. J. Ooup% Ned. Chen. Abstr. 18: 11389.3: 24-7, 1939.
Shippe.~i L. P,Nelson, 0. I. Toxin formation by a variety
fhe relationahip between the of B. botulinus when cultivatedantraoellular globulin and the toxib aeroblially under varlous conditions;
of 01. botulinua. J. Wneo. Dis. its possible production In tha animal41t 9ý-12. 1927. body. Arch. Anter. Xed.
23: 346-361, 1919.• Polson, A.; and Sterne, X.
-roduction of potent botulinum * Snipe, P. T.; and Somer, Hermanm.toxin@ and formol-toxoids. Studies on bo;ulinus toxin,Nature. 158: 238-239, 194&6 3. Acid precipitation of botalinus
toxin. J. Infec. Me8. 43: 152-161,Privot, A. R. 1928.
Researuc on the toxin, anatoxin,and antitoxin of ClostridLiua botulinum *Soamer, Rlizabeth '.; andD, AceS. V't. do France. Gluns, Kathryn.BPI! 390-393, 1948 Iffect of Cl. sporogenes on
toxin production by Cl. botulinum.Privot, A. R.; and Brygoo, A. R. J. Infec. Die. 41: 442-447, 1927.
Research on botulinum I toxin *aaatoxin, and antitoxin. An.n, In•. e Sommer, Blizabeth V.; Soamer, H.;Pasteur. 79: 1-13, 195D. and Meyer, K. 7.
The purification of botulinuaRaynaud, M.; and Second, L. toxin. J. Infeo. Die. 39: 345-350,
Uxtraction of botulin toxins 1926.from bacterial bodies. Ann. Inst.
ante ur. 77: 316-319, 1949. 0 Sommer, Hermann.rurification of botu..n•.z toxin.
e Schoenhol.s, P. ; Laty, J. R.; and Proc. Soac Exper. Biol. Med.Meyer, L 3. 351 520-521, 1937.Toxin production and signs of
spoilage in commercially canned 0 Somrer, Hersann; and Snipe, P. T.vegetables and fruits inoculated Studies on botulinue toxin. 2.with detoxified spores of B. botulinue. Further purification by adsorption1.11 J. Infec. Die. 33: 289-327, on colloids. J. Infec. Die.1923. 43: 145-151, 3928.
" Schoenhols, P.; and Meyer, K. 7. Stadler, Paul; and Neisener,Effect of direct sunligt, diffuse Irmgard.
daylight, and heat on potency of Toxin production by bacteria.botu2inua toxin in ciltu.re mediums I. Favorable and unfavorableand vegetable products. XXIV. substances in peptone. Zent. f.J. Infec. Di-s. 35: 361-330, 1924. 24Akt. Parasitenk. Abt. 1.
134' 102-109, 1935.tllem. Abstr. 29t O503 .
-28-
VII.o Botulinum Toxin, Produc-ion & ur~flsatlon,
Starin, W. A. Tani. Shlgeru.Relationship of incubation Botulinu.m toxin. I. I1, On the
temperature to viability, rate of toxin produced in Iluret-free mediagrowth and toxin production of Cl. and its characteristics0 Japanesebotuiinum in different vegetables. J• Exper, Maed 12ý 9-31; 33-47..J. Infec. Die. 38: iU6114 1926- 134, Biol, Abstro #1213. 1937.
Stark, ,o N,; Sherman, J. X.- Tani , Shi.geru.and Stark, Pauline. Method of purufication of botu-The extracellular production of linum toxin. Compt Raen,- Soc.
toxin by Clestrid'u.im botulinum Biol. 11.4 237 239- 1933.Vroc. Soc. Exoer. Biol, Med,25: 742. 1929. Tanner. FY , Beamer, P. '.; andBiol. Abstr. #14614, 1929. Rtckher C. J,
Further observations on influence* S~ark0 C. NI; Sherman, J1 M; and of temperature on growtn and of
Sta.rk, Pauline, toxin formation by Cl. botulinumoExtraceliular prdduction of toxin Rept. Proc, 3rd. Internat. Congr.
by Clostridium bot'ilinum type B, Microblol, 1979 700- o01 1940.J. •nfec. Die. 43ý 565. 1928, Chem, Abstr, 35- 9125
Stark, C0 S,; Sherman, J M.; and 4 Tanner F. Wo ; and Oglesby E. W,Stark, Pauline, :nfluence of temperature onGlucose inhibition of extra- growth and toxin production by Cl.
cellular toxin producing enzymes of bot,!-n'.im, Food Res. 1i 481-494,Clo botulinumo JV, nfec. Dis° g93643" 566-568,. 1929-
Teay! or. . WIT
SSteInkes, P. K, W. and 'oster 2, M. The growth and toxin production ofBotulinum toxin formation in Clostridium botu.linum in cottage
liver sausage, Food Rea, cheese. Univ. of Illinois. Ph?16: 477-484,. 1951 Thesis- 1948. 4 7p.;
" Stevenson. L. e W lson, V. A,: and * Thompson. L,, -and Tanner. F. W.
Reed, G. B. Toxin production by Cl. botuliniu±Casein digest medium for toxin in canned foods , J. Infec. Die.
production by Clostridium. Canad, 37- 34•-352L 1925.J. Res. Sect. 3. 25; 9-13, 1947,
* Van Heyningen, W. 3.a Stevenson, J. WY ; Helson, V. A..; and Bacterial toxins, Chap. I1.
Roed, 0. B. The Clostridla. p. 14-44. Oxford,ereparation of Clostridium para- Blackwell Scientific Pub- Ltd.
botulinum toxins. Canad. J. aes, 1950.Sect. S. 25! 124-24: 1947.
* Wentzel, L0 M.; and Sterne, M.* Stokinger, H. Z.; and Ackcerman, Effect of calcium on production
4eleno of bIu1linue D toxin° Nature.A pnrifioi toxin of Clostridium 15g. 19o
botulinum A. * j. Bact.42.! 136. 1941, 0 Wheeler M. W.
SProd,:ction of monovalent botulinusantitoxic se-ums type A and B3 J.1 n 8 502 505 2923.
_2.-,
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTB]DIUM POTULU1'M
IX. BOTULINUM TOXIN PHYSIOLOGICAL ACMON
Alajouanine, T. -, Thurel, R,. ; arid * •.k G,, MKDirupt,, L. Behavor ,: . b- .n2 iuirm. cxln InBotulism as nervous disease,. alImen's•y t.act. of Tate and giIneaProsses Mid. 53, 25--26,, 1945,, p: 1, g ." J .. Inrf el. D- rhS.
39' '474 192,, 1926.Ambache, N.
A further survey of the actior, of D Rk G,. M. and Gi bbard J.Clostridium botuilinum toxin upon Botnljr.Iiým •.,xir. 2n the alimen.different types of autonomic nerve tary -ra'zt. Pr.c., Soc. Exper.fibre. J. Physiolo 123 "-17,, 1952- Bi.,], Med. 23 778 ý79, 1926,
Bicl. Abstr.. # 14447 2929,.Ambache, N.
The peripheral action of Cl.. Dack,, G., M.. and Gibbard,, J.botulinum toxin. J. Physiol.. "ermeability *)f the small108: 127-142., 194. intestine of xabbits and hogs toBiol. Abstr. #29t42, 1949. botnlirnum toxin:, J. Infec.. Dise
39: 181 -155 2926.Ambache, N. Biol,, AbstT. #5095,, 1926.
Peripheral action of botulinumtoxin. Nature. 161, 482.-83. 19148. * Dack,, G. K,. and Glbbard. J.
Studclxe orD bctull•nm toxln In the.rdo R. C. ali.men~ary !ract cf hogs, rabbits,
Mechanisms of action of clostridia giuinea pigs. ard mrc, J. Infec.toxins. ProC. Indiana Acad, Sm..I Das. 39 173 ISO. :926.60: 67-72, 1951.
SDaci,. G, K.. and Hoskins,, D.Bellis, C. J.,; and Larsonp, W. P. Absorption of bcotulinum toxin
The impermeability of the viable from colon of Macaca Pndiatta."obstructed bowel of dogs to Cl. J,. Infec. Di.. 71' 260-263, 1942.botulinum toxin. Suxgery.6: 901-908. 1939. Deck, G. M. - and Williard, L.Oh.e. Abutr. 34; 170S4. Ippermeability of the small
intestine of rabbits to botulinum* Bishop, 4. H.; and Bronfenbrenner,, J. toxin. J. Infec. Di.e. 40: 585-
Site of action of botulinus toxin. 587, 1927.Aaer. J. Physiol. 117: 393-4o0,1936. D ickson, E. C. ; and Shevsky, R. J.
Botulism. Studies on theBurgen, A. S. B.; Dickens, IF.,- and manner in which the toxin of
Zatmansn L. J. Clostridium botulinum acts uponAction of botulinum toxin on the human body? effect upon
neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol. autonomic nervous system. J.109: 10-24, 1949. £xper. Med. 37 7.1..731- , 1923o
-30O
IX,, Botullnum Toxti,, Phyalilogical Action.
a.ckson. 2. C.. and Shevky. X. Haexem,, S., Daok, G. M.; andBotulism, Studies on the Dxagstedt, L. E.
manner in which toxin of Clostridlum Acate intestinal obstruction;botulinum acts upon the human body4 permeability of obstructed boweleffect upon the voluntary nervous segments of dogs to Clostridiumsystem, J. Exper., Mad. 38. 327-346, botulinum toxin. Surgery,1923- 3' 339- 350,, 1938.
Dittmarv, P.. Maoland0 R. L.; and Gammon, G. D.Neurologic and pathogenic aspects Effect of botulinus toxin on
of endemic botulism. nervenarzt. electromyogramo J. Pharmacol. &12. 54•'-556•, 2939o & Exper. Therap. 97: 499-506o 1949.
Ldmu=ds. C. W. and Keiper, G. L Miller, 0. 3..; and Nelson, 0. IaFurther studies upon the action Chemical inhibition of botulinum
of bou•linus toxin,. Trans. Assoc. toxin. Proc. North Dakota Aoad.Amer. Physicians. 39- 9&.106, 1924. Sdlo 1 34-37 194s.
Chem. Abstro 429 5555foEdmunds, C. W. ; and Keiper, G. F.
Further studies on the action of Minervin, I. S. M.; andbotulinum toxin. J. Amer. Med. Kotlyarevska, 3. N.Assoc. 83% 4995.502, 1?24. Mechanism of pathogenic actionChem. Abstr. 18M 3220. of bacteria of botulism; experi-
mental study. Ekepero Med.Zdamznds, C. W. , and Long, P. R. P. 19-30, 1936.
Contribution to the pathologicphysiolog of botulism. J. Amer.. Quin J. I.Med. Assoc. 81: 542-547, 1923o The biological action of bot•linut
C (Laemolete) toxin. South AfricanEvzerova, S. K.; AhItomIrskmya, V. M.; .7. SC. 142: 157-161. 1946.
and Ovcharenko, Z. P. Bol. Abstr. #6502, 1947.Changes of the central nervous
system in botulism. Sovet. Shay, D. Z.Peikhonevrol. No. 28 52-58, 1937- Histologic study of effects of
Botulinus poisoning On liven ofol'ldfarb, D. M.; and Peisakhiso L. As guinea pigs. J. Olin. Invest.Mechanism of action of bacterial 258 687-693, 19.46
toxins in the organism of sensitiveand resistant animals; role of environ-mental temperature on reproduction of eSeo r, Hermann; Nealen: P. J:.botulism in frogs. Uchen. Zapski. and Snipe, P. T.Vtor. Moskov. Med. Inst. Stalina. Studies on botullnus toxin.1: 217-222, 1951o 4. Dialysis experiments. J.
Infoc. Die. 431• 161-166, 1928.
Guyton, A. C.; and McaDonald MH. A.PYzsiolog of botulinus toxin. Surinyio L. ; and Jano0 L.
Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. The influence of lipoids on57: 579-592, 1947- toxin action. Setl. IiMMItats.Detrick Rsprint #77. 578 199-2040 1928.
Chem. Abstr. 221 46298.
0 -31-
IX. Botulinum Toxin. Physiological Action.
STorda, G&ra; and Wolff, H. G. Torrance, 0. 0,Iffects of toxins•of Olostridium A 0o0"ribon of the effect of
botulinum and Gloetridiun tetanI on different toxic bacterial productsacetylcholine synthesis. Fed. Proco upon the adronals of 1pinea pigs.6: 377-378, 1947. J. Bact. 33: `41% 1937.
Torda, Glare; and Wolff 9 I. G, Weber, HLMechanism of paralysis resulting Aleotrocardlogaphio disturbances
from botulinum toxin; action of canted by botullnus toxin. 0ompt.toxin on aoetyloholine synthesis and Rond. Sec. Bioel 1261 1031-1033Pon striated musole. J. PbLarmacolo 193?.& Riper. Therap. 89: 32D-324, 19417.Chem, Abstr. l 2 3858d.
BIBLIOGRAPRY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTRUDIUM BOTULI•N•
X. BOTYLINUM TOXIN. PHYSIOOClMXCAL PROfA8R . TC*I0!Y.
Bellinger, H.; Zdrnlsin, M.; and Bron$nbronner, Jo; andAoabke, A. Schlesinger• e . J,Behaviour of toxins of Clostridium 2he composite nature of
botulinum and Salmonella enteritidie botulinus toxin* proc. Boo. Riper.too antibiotils, chemotherapeutio@, Blol. Med. 181 254# 1920-1921.and dyes. Zent. f. Bakt.156: 430-•45, 1951. 0 Brenfenbrenner, Jot and
I Schlesinger, No J.*Borqff, D. A.; Naynaud, Marcel; and Concer'ning the nature of the
Pr•vot, A. L. toxic P•ralots of Ba2illus bot•linus,Studies of toxin of Glostridium science. 5"1 441, 1921.
botulinum type D, J. Iman.681 503-512, 1952. • Slonfenbrenner, J. t and
ohlesioger, M. J.TBronfenbreuner, J. the offeet of digbetive juiOes
Further studieo on the potency on the potency of botulims tozLn.of botulinus tozln. Preoe Sao. J. Riper. Ned. 391 •-•L9=6j, 19214wIoper. 31e1. Ned. 21, 318, 1923-1924.
hrn6afubenner, J, g and*oZiatnbrenner, J Schlesinger,, M. J.
Ionic nature of botulinue toxin. Further studies on the natureProc. BSo. Eoper. B10o. Ned. of botuli-ms toxin. Poce. Soc.21: 317, 1923-1924. Riper. Biol. M•d. ±9: 1, 1921-1922.
-32-
A~ d.
km mtmo, L;aa&3 3.* i
kf, of the fact,'e,g em"t1bmin .. otulam ..tBZWtO1 d8@isto toiziity or stnulmu toxin by "13i 3-Mi -2942t
lit.. Jo, Ami. Ie. Aesco.78: 1%&j9-1521, 1922. e. I01.an, o. 3. .
4A01am t..mI dwfr.~&vad 3 offtzifoabz.nar* J. I st train tir I oý n taxin *t 2* bof2aus;
Ilchleouiwl. -.2 JS mith noeto xpwptoaoeoo inft state of a e.gatioa of .qow.talal, bot•i~.•m; J& Wof.
Wualao~s of bftuliuua toziz. fto.' as.. 24: SLý-w 1924,.So, kpro. Dial. Rod. 191 297-29,1M,1-1922. Dwko G. 3L
ZIflumeo of me aserotboSroafenbrennar, J.; 4ftlestngor, 4J. t @"eis@ on the toxin of Oestridumt
and one P. 1. botullau idth special rtemamos toGmas. of Imdiato death by large 01. sporodzo. J. Inofe4 Di.
doses of botulinus tozin. 7. Riper. 3', 165-1739 1926.Mod. 401 81-af9 1924I. Biol. Abotr. #676, 1926.
Dronfenbm-nnor, J.1 SOhlesinger, U.-J oDaak, G. L,; and Gibbard& J.and Orr, P. e. Studias on botulium toxiln iiUanoozrning toxic byproducts of the alimntary tract of hogs,
Biaill" batuginus, hoo. Soo. rabbitr, guinea pig, md sies.save~r. Dial. mod. 181 igi 1920-1921. J- ULfeo. Die, 39: 17j-18O, 1926.
* Buehler, H. J, Bornor, D. He; Dohtr 0.SchlantU, 3. JT.; and, Lami.anae Carl. 'ýwstion of hobt resistance ofThe amino aci&d composition of botulinum toxin. god. sin.
crystal~line botulinus (type A) toxin- 37: 1107-1108, 194~1-
Acksn, 3. C.; and Shrvsmk, R. J,SBuehler, H. J.; Schants, A. J. ; and Botulism; a sttdy of the action
• .an, ,Carl. of the toxin of X. botulinua uponIleamtal and imno &aid oouposi- the living tiesemr. droc. Soo.
tion of crystalline Clostrid~ium Ixper. Biol. Med 0 18: 313, 1921.botulinum t"pe A toxin. J. Biol..Chest 1691 295-302, 1947o ?oUni 0, J. 1.
Persistence of botulxini toxinB arrovw, William.. in carsosi ~tarir&1 with special
Iffet of tyrosine on botulinum reference to that of tortoises.toxin. -roc. Soco Riper. Biol. Me&. J. South African Vet. Med. Ausoc.30, 923-835, 1933. 17: 85-87, 194&
ahur<A, F. 3. francillon, MX.Ixparrinental effect of B. botulinue linfluse der aeroben
toxin and cultuires o, guinea pigs. Mkiohinfektion auf hntwicklungWisconsin Med. J. 22: 135-136v 1923- und Toxinbuldung dos Bacillus
botulinuc mnich. R. Oldenbaurg,1924. 19.9
-33
1. b~tmazer 4.1 z siat- J1Lupi~t. t" I woe.;LIeh.uiw, L 4.., O, .;, , • 'u• s e . 0
Sm of the fa oeaz C 'iasu ,wils.t6 toiiitY Of VOtulim$ 1421A by 9SI 389-390i 1944,ith. Ja.. A•r. Xed. s.9 -.
78: 2%&-15210 1922, 0O1AUM G. X.Actium 4f IsakoUsM of
3goafkwan uen~ J. I a"t biSL tiesin an toXa -if34'bo1taaa;schlosisgu .. boJo with note & z ptez'. *ou#*a o inO-iaw Oa of a-.Mestion of wiozimoilla botulism. -e I ,fc
partioles of botulinua Sozia. Froo. Me. 34-: E14-W 192.Soo. . o Or•e ic1. Ned. 19: 297-299,192141922. o,* ;, G. " .
* RtnfebienerInlumaes of mom sanaeobloDronfenbrl.ze1, J.1 ; 4 t~d "a•I4 J'lciaion t hi toxin of quatridium
and fr I P. ., .b~otulizwm with ueu ms toOw" of Imadiate death by large Ol. solrodgsu. J. Infe, DI 6
doesn of acbtulinus toxin. J. Zxeru 38: 165-173, 1926.Ned. 401 81-8% 1924. Biol.. Lbstr. #676, 1926.
Bronfonbren~er, Jo: Schl1esinger, N.J. t GaokI 3. N.; and Gibboerd, J..a~ndOr P. F.f tuoia on botuflinum tnxin is
Olborning toxic byprodnoti of tbhe al1ntary tract of hags,Bacillus botmlinus. Proo. Soo. rabbitir, gainea, pigsI and idea.Saneo. Rol. Med. 18: 1o1, 1920-1921 J- Woo-. D•G- 39: 17J-19SO 1926.
* Belher, H. J• ; Bornor, D. E4.-o r Y.Schantz, 1. J.; and, Lamna", Carl. '40stion of heat resistance ofTe amino acid compouition of botuinun to o n. me!d.]aI in.
crystalline botulinus (type A) toxin. 37: 1107-1108, 1941.
J.oatn, 51e, 571, 19e.4 tl e6 ,Suh fianVt ed I-
-kson A0. C.; and Shvsky7-, Re J.0 Buehler, He J.; Schantu, A. J. -, and Botulismr; a stn4y of the action
*ans , Carl. of the toxin of 3o botulinum upon
loxin"a• 1 and ino acid coaposi- the liring tiuon ww. 'roc., 800
tion of crystalline 2lo-tridiu 2 234w- T ol NdO& 18: 313, 1921.botulinum t" A toxin. J. Biol.eChen. 169: 295-3o2. 194+7. PYri 0 J. N.
Persistence of botullinus toxin0 Burrows, William. in wousaa material with special
Affect of tyrosine on botu~linum reference to that of tortoises.toxin. Zroc. Soc. Exper. 3iol. Yed. J. South African Vet. Mod. Assoc.301 923-835ý 1933. 17: 85-87. 194,&
SF. 3 2 Irancillon, M.lxperimental effec~t of B. botulinius Rinfluse der aeroben
toxin and oulttuxes on guiinea pigs. (iscb~infekction atuf hntwicklungWisconsin Med. J. 22!^ 135-136c 1923- und Toxinbiudung do* Bacillus
bottair~u~c *Luieh, R. Oldenbauxg,1924. lqp.
_33-
1. Botullnum Toxin. Physiooc0homl cal rroporties.'T• xic.1ty.
Frenkel, H. W Grumbaugh, K. K,! and Starin, W. A.Atoxic strains of U.1 botulinum. Therapy of experimentally In-
Xikrqbiol. Zhur., Kiev. 7: 73-90, duced gangrene. II. The effect1940. 1iol lAbstr. #12715,, 1942. of asochloramlde on various
anaerobic bacteria, Amer, J. Mod.0 Gay" F. P=. so'. 205.: 712.-717 1943.
Agents of disease and hostresistance° Map. 110. Anaerobic ' Guillaumiae. Maylis; andbacteria. Botullam. p. 896-909, Kreuger, A,Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 3935, Contribution to the study of
bacterial heolysins; properties* Geiger, J. C. of C and D types of botullnue
The possible danger of absorption toXIns, Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol.of toxin of B. botullnus through 145ý 179 182, 1951ofresh wounds and from mucous sur--faces. Amer. J. Pub. "ealth, * Gunnison,. Janet B.-, Cummings, J. R.;14: 309-310, 1924. and Meyer, K. F.
Clostridium botulinum type 3." Geiger, J. C.; and Gouwens.. W,. Z. Proc. Soc. Ixper° Boil. Med.
Zffect of acidification on toxicity 35- 278 289., 1936.of B. botulinus toxin, Pub. HealthRepts. 38: 2249-2252, 1923- • Ounnison, Janet B. , and Meyer, 1L. F.
Susceptibility of Macacus rhqeusGeurden, L. M. monkeys to botu.Lism toxin B, C and
Comparative study on botulism D. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol, Med.and botulinus bacilli, Koninklijko 26. 89 90. 2928°Vlaamse Acad. Geneesko van Belgie.,7! 121.-1413,, 1946. Abstract in% Halbert,. Seymou~r, Smolens,, Joseph;J. Amer. Vet. god. Assoc. and Mudd., Stuart,Ii-? 156, 1947- Reduced acute toxicity of antigens
in saline-in.minera.L c31 emnloons.* Graham, Robert; and Thorp, ?rank. J- 1mmun, 51; 39. 43, 1945.
The effect of formalin onbotullnus toxins A, B and C. * ý,.1, Is C., and Davis, N. C.J. Imaun. 16: 391-4O1, 1929. The influence of calcium
chloride upon experimentalGraham, Robert, Tunnicliff. 3. A.: botulism. J. IUper. Mead.
McCu1lloch, Z. C,.; and Thorp, Frank. 37' 585-598, 1923-.Antigenic value of formalized
botulinum toxins, J. Amer. Vet. Easoen, Elizabeth L.Med. Assoc. 75: 21-37, 1929. Differential characters of two
strains of Clostridium botulinumG r~eat Britain. Medical Resea?7.h type EZ action of toxins in
Council. cIokeneo Proc. Soc. Exper. Siol.A system of bacteriology in MedL 50, 1)2-il4,. 1942o
relation to medicine. Vol. 3, -
Chap. XI." Baýclllus botulinue, byR. T. Hewlett- with Sections byW. Bulloch and B, A. O:Brienop. 33406. London, HMSO, 19290
1. Botulinua Toxin. Pbryicochemical Properties. Toxicity.
5sttahe, H.o 0.; and Strwasburger, B * ples, Gerson.Affect of Iron, manganese and Nolecular ilso and shape of
copper salts in lethal tetanus and botulinus toxin. J. Amer. Ohe..botulinus intoxication of -4oe. Sea. 681 1670, 1946.Zeit. f. Xmmnitits. u. exper.
Owr.p. 971 109-12D. 9390 * Ko~l, V.W; wAd Jietsch, H.Chas. Abstr, 35: 4•81. Iperimental bacterioloop.
Vol. I. Map. XXI. Botulism.JakobkievIc• , a'. Vp. 4,2-47. 7th ed., rev,
Botullnus toxin and anatozin. English version. London,OoIpt. Rk Soc. Bi01 Allen and Unvin 1934.1 2 3 1 2 6 - 262 - 1 9 3 6 . 0 L -= = &, C ar l .
S.amss, L. B. nemagglutination by botullnaluffeots of freesing on spores toxin. troco Soc. Axper. Biol.
and toxin of Olostridlum botulinum. Ned. 69: 332-336, 19 48.J. Woo. Die. 52' 236-241, 1933. * La*manna, Crl; Mllund, H. V.; and
SJiramso, 0. McElroy, 0. A.Botulinur toxin and anatoxin. Botulinum toxin (type A) inclu-
ev. d'I.mmunol. 2s 2)9-220, 1936 ding study of shaking withchloroform as stop In Isolation
* Jordan, A. 0.; and Daok, G. L procedure. Jo. aot. 52: 1-13,The effect of 01, sporogenes 1946
on 01. botullnum. J. Infec. Dis°35, 576-580, 1924. 0 4.azna, Carl- and Lowenthal, Z, P.
The lack of Identity betweenSJudo, A.; Girrd, P.; and hemagglutinin and the toxin of type
Carrat, P. A botulinal organism. J. Bact.Destructive action, in vivo, of 61' 751-752o 1951.
certain ohemioal agents on botu-lism and tetanus toxins. Oinpt. Legrour, X.; and Jerawec, 0.Rand. Soo. Biol. 143: 318-319, Studies on botulinum toxin19149. and antitoxin. 0 ompt. Rend. Soo,
Biol. 120: 641-l643, 1935.Xagn, B. L. ; and Y(tyeh, M. L.
The action of proteases on the Legroux, Z.; Jrameo=, C.; andtoxin of S. botulinus. Zeit. Segond, L.Mocrobiol. Rpidetaol. maunnitlts., Destruction of bacterial toxinsUSS•. No. 2-38 50-58, 1939. by proteases produced by micro-Chem. Abstr. 33: 63812; 36: 70579. organims. Ann. Inst. Pasteur.
73: U 8-o830, 1947.r 3lanson, G. 1I; and Chemo Abstr° V4 89980.
Bronfenbrenner, J.Restoration of activity of Legroux, R., and Levaditi, J. O.
neutralized biologic agents by Deree of inhibition of patho-removal of antibody with papain. genic power of botulinum toxinj. lmmn. 47, 397-407, i943- following contact with brain sub-
stance. Ann.I nst. Pasteur.72.o 4so_,s.,, 1946.
-35-
1. Botulinum Toxin. fEseoochealoa Properties. Toxicity.
* Legroux, L; and Levaditi, J. C. Nolsono 0. I.Martibition of botulinus toxin Study of botulinum toxin.
In the blood and its elimluation in Proc. North Dakota Aoad. Sol.the urine during experimental 11 31-3, 19148. Chen. Abotr.botullnus poisoning. Coopt. Rend. 4el 591411.Soo. Biol. 1411 996-998, 1947.
Orr, P. F.LA'uchs. J. Studies on B. botulinus.
Oontribution $6 the knowledge of Destruction of botulinus toxin bythe toxins and antitoxins of Seat. J. med. Res. 421 127-136oBacillus botullnus. Zlt. f. 4g. 1921.u. Infektion . 65: 55-s4, 19. Oven Cora A. ; Langhor, J. L.;
U Littauer, Uriel. and Blakely ]Ulisabeth.Observations on the type A toxin Adeptations of the Macfarlane
of Olostridium botulinum. Nature. lecithovitellin test. J. Path.167: 994-9959 1951. Bact. 591 261-266, 1947.
* Lowenthal, J. P.; and Lmanna, Carl. rappohelmer, A. X.Factors affecting the botulinal Bacterial toxins. 7ed. Proc,
hemagglutination reaction, and the 61 479-484. 1947.relationship between hemagglutinatingactivity and toxicity of toxin Privo t A. R.preparations. Amer. J. Hyg. Research on the toxin, anatoxin54. 342-353, 1951. and antitoxin of Olostridiua
botulinum D. Aoaf.Veto. do France. VMason, J. H.; and Robinson, 3. M. B21. 390-392, 19i48.
The antigenic components of thetoxins of Clo botulinum. Prevot,, A. Ro; and Brygoo, 1. R.Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sol. 51 65-75. Research on botulinus I toxin,1935. Chem. Abstr, 30? 14091o9 anatoxinO and antitoxin. Ann. "
Inst. kasteur. 79: 1-13, 195.* Matveev, K. o I
Patogenes botulisma. Moscov ' Patnam, F. o.Academy of Medical Science, 1949. Phys'-ival-cheminala properties186Yp. (In Russian) of crystalline botulinus A toxin.
led. Proc. 6s 284, 1947.Minervin, I. 8. M.; and Morgunov, I.N.
Multiple properties of Clostridiuz " Pttnam, F. W.; Lamanna, Carl; andbotulinum toxin. Zhur. Mikrobiol. Sharp, D. G.Epidemiol. Immunobiol. No. 10-11: Molecular weight and homo-71-73. 1941- geneity of crystalline botulinusChem. Abstro 40" 109'. A toxin, J. Biol. Chem.
...-. 165. 735-736, 1946. - -•elon. Ce. Io
e relationship between the P utnam, F, W.; Lamanna, Carl; andintracellular globulin and the toxin Sharp, D. G.of Cl. botulinum. J. Infec, Dis. Physicochemical properties of41, 9-12, 1927. crystalline Clostridium botulinum
type A toxin. J. Biol. Chem.176, 401-412, 1941o.
-36-
IX. Botulinum Toxin. Physicochemical Properties. Toxicity..
Quorturp, 3. R. 0 Sommer, 4ermann; Nealono e. J.; andImproved method of testing botu- Snipe, P. T.
linum toxin by use of penicillin. Studies on botulinuu toxin.J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 4. Dialysis E~xperimente. J. Infec.109: 214-215, 1946. Dig. 43! 161-166, 1928.
RBodopulo, A.K. • Sommer, erm=nn; and Sommer,The nature of Gloutridium botu- flizabeth W.
linum toxin. abur. Kikrobiol. *talinus toxin. VI, DestructionSpidemiol. Immunobiol. No. 10-11i of botulinue toxin by heat, J.68-71, 1941. Chem. Abstr. 240: 10960 Infec, Die, 51g 243-253, 1932.
Schoop. G. ; and Harms, F. * Stark, C. N.; Sherman, J. M.; andBotulinus toxin. Deut. tierarztlo Stark, Pauline.
wo oh. 43Z 755-757, 1935- Destruction of botulinus toxinby Bacillus mubtilis. Proc. Soc.
Sohfibel, K. Zlxpero Biol. aed. 26-" 343-344,,Botulinum toxin. Arch. Uxp. 1929.
Path., Leipzig. 96: 1i3-259, 1923.Chem. Abstro 18: 1138:. Stryker, W. A. ; and Janota, Martha.
Vitamin A deficiency andShapirob -. . 0. intestinal permeability to bacteria
Properties of the cerebrospinal and toxin, J. Infec. Dis.fluid to split off the toxin of 69: 23--247, 1941.botulism adsorbed to the brain,Annaly Michnikovskovo Inst. * Saymanowski, W. T.; and Hicks, R. A.6: 63-68, 1937. Biol. Abstro #2577, The biologic action of ultra-1939. high-frequency currents. J. Infec.
Dia. 50,- 1-25, 1932.* Sherman, J. M.; Stark. 0. S.; and
Stark, Panlineo Tanner, 7. W.; and Twohey, E, B.The destruction of botulinum toxin Action of heat on botulinun
by intestinal bacteria. T•roCo Soo. toxin in canned foods. Zent. f.Axper. Biol. Med. 24: 546-47. 1927- Bakt° Abto Io 98: 136-141, 1926.
Bull•, yg. 2: 99, 1927.Sherman, J. N.; Stark, C. N.; and
Stark, Pauline. * Townsend, C. T.Destruction of botulinum toxin Comparative study of nontoxic
by milk bacteria. J. Dairy Scio and toxic strains of Cloatridium11: 352-358, 12 parabotulinum. J. Infec. Die.Diol. Abstr. +500, 1932. 458 87-95, 1929.
S hervood, N. P&; and Belot, Nonty. * Van Heyningen, W. 3.Studies on botulinus toxin Bacterial toxins. Chap. II.
type B. J. Badt, 38t 479, 1939- The Closttidia. p. 14-44.Oxford, Blackwell Scientific
* Sommr, Zlisabeth W.; and rublisheru, Ltd., 195D.Somer, %rmannoStudies on botulinus toxin, V.
Influence of nitrogeneous and Aipoidcompounds on the potency of botulinustoxin, J. Infeco Die. 43g 496-506,1928.
-37-
X. Botulinum Toxin. Phynicochemical Propertlea. Toxicity.
Wagman, Jack; and Bateman, J. Bo ' Wentzel,, L. M.: Sterne, M.; andThe bahavior of the botulinus Polson0 A.
toxins in the tltra-centrifuge. High toxicity of pure botulinumArch. Biochem. 31. 424-430, 1951- type D toxin. Nature. 166- 739-40o
195ooWeinberg, x.; and Goy, p.
Research on botulinum toxin. Zakhariný AD I.Compt. Rend, Soc. Biol. Stability of botulinic toxin in90: 269-271, 1924. blood. Sovet. Vrach. Zhur.
41g 47o-472, 1937.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULZINUM
XI. IMMUNIZATION, TOXOIDS. ANTITOXINS.
Agnoli, Renzo. 0 Bronfenbrenner, J.; andThe antitoxic power of collqLdal Reichert, Philipp,
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Botulism of 'eep d cattle inwestern Australia•" 2its cause and * Butrrows, William,its prevention by lmaunisation. Effect of tyrosine on botulinumAustralian Vet. J. 14: 105-118, toxin. Proc. Soc. Uper. Biol.1934 Med,. 30: 823-835, 1933.
0 Boroff, D. A.; BMnaud, Marcel; Dan erovits, A. K.; and
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botulinum type Do, J. Um•.no of titration of anti-botulinic69: 503-512, 1952. serums on rat. and guinea pigs.
J. Ipidem. Mikrob.,, Moscow.2" 68-73, 1933-
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XI, Immunization, Toxolds. Antitoxins.
Dickson, E. 0. Graham, Robert; Tw•incliff, A. A.The present status of the botu- McOulloch, 3. C.; and Tho.vyp
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Botulism from ingestion of pre- p. 373-406. London, ERS0, 1929.served spinach; case in child andin diabetic father; recovery after • Graubaugh L. K.; and Starin, W. A,therapy by anatoxin and antiserum. Tborapy of experimentally in-Bull. et Kem. Soc. Md. d. H6p. do duced ganrene. I1e The effectParis. 52: 891-896, 1936. of asochloramide on marious
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Falk, J. S.; and Povdermaker, F. S0. 205, 712-717, 19413.The effect of hydrogen-ion con-
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Standard.i•ion of botulinum anti- J. B&AOt 36: 301-302, 1938.serum. Zent. f. Bakt. Abt. I.133: 155-158, 1935. Oumnieon, Janet D.
Antigenic substances ofGogn, 2.; Dreytsero P.; and Clostridium parabotulinum.
akazrova-Tarasevich0 T. J. Zamun. 26: 17-24+, 1934,.Preparation of serum for botulism
therapy. Sovet. Vrach. Gas. Gunnison, Janet B.; Cumiingo, J. 2.;p. 12 4-1289 1933. and Meyer, k F. :, i.1
Cloetridium botaulnum 3.Sraham, Robert; and Thorp, Frank. roo, Boo, Ixpor. Kol. Ned.
Antigenic value of tozoids kept 35t 27S-289, 1936.one year at ice box temp~zature.'J. lzmun. 201 305-312, ft931.r 0 KW rt, Seymour; Smolons, J~espp-1and Nau4o Stuart.
G rahaa, Robert; and Thorp, Frank, Reduced acute toxicity ofThe effect of formalin an botu- antigens in saline-in-Ainemal-ell
linus toxins A, B, and o. J. Znuan. emulsion. J. Inan. 51, 39-13.16, 391-439, 1929. 1945.
S~-39-
XI Immunizationo Toxoids. Antitoxins.
* Hall, I. 0.; and DaviSo No C, JakobkieiwA.o J.The influence of calcium chloride Botulinum toxoid. NdO
upon experimental botullisn J. Dosvisdosz I Spol. 231 8-833, 1938.Ser. Ned. 37: 585-598, 1923o~ G. H; and Jaamin0 A. N.
" Hart, G. Ho; and 4yes Yo 7. U mERS activity in ClostridtumThe production and experimental hemolyticun toxin, Amer. J. Tet.
use of botulinus antitoxin types Seos 8S 289-293, 1-947.A and B. J. Amer. Vet, Mmd. Assoc,57: 638-652, 1920-1921. Jenen, L. B.
Some influences of antitogo andHetche, 11. other serums on botulinum intoxLac-
Botulinum antiserum. Deut. Ned. tiono J. Infet. DiM. 39: 4•3-4939Vpch. 50: 6-8o 1924o 1926. Biolo Abstr. #6939o 1926.
Rettehe, H, 0.; and StraebuzprNo L Je0MMe o 0.Effect of iron, manganese and Botulinum toxin and watoxin.
copper @alts in lethal tetanus and Reve do Ismunol, 2' 209-220, 1936.botulinum intoxication of almoeZeit. f. Immunitltsf, u. expero 6 Judeo.A.; Girard, *; and.Therap, 97: 109-120o 1939. Carrat, P.Chem. Abstr. 35: 4081. Destructive action, in vivo,
of certain chemical &unte onB Bottle, G. A.; and Abrams, A. botulism and tetanus toxins.
Ntoxifioatlon of orystalline Gompt. Rend. Soc. Biol.botultnum type A toxin, J. lman. 143: 318-319, 194 0551 183-187o 19147.
8n B. 0. ; and Matyash, g. LeB aottle, G. A.; Nigg, Clara; and The action of proteases on the
Lichty, J. A. toxin of Bacillus botulinue.Studi•s on botulinum toxold0 Z. Mikrobiol. Ipidemiol. .nsmItltsf.
types A and 31 methods for determin- No, 2-3: 50-58P 1939.ing antipnicity in animals. Chem. Abstr. 33, 63812; 361 70579.J. Inzu. 558 255-262, 1947-
0 Zalmanson, Go. X.; and Bronfenbrenner,Jakobkdeviosu J. J.
Botulinum antitoxin; preparation Restoration of activity ofand titration. Ned. Doewsadon. i. neutrallsed biologic agents byspel. 21: 1-22, 1936. removal of antibody with pgain.
To Imun. 247:2 387-W17, 19)43Jakobkiewios, J.
Botulinue antitoxin in serum Kisina, D.therapy. Cot. Rend. Boo. 31olo The reaction in vitro bf1233 264-266. 1936. botulinue toxin ith its atitexIa.
Voprosy Pitanlya. 5(5)9 93-96Jakobkievice, J. 1936. Chea. Ahstr. 311 14551.
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-40-
XI. L01=a244A. TwOld14.. Antitoxins.
Z linAn6 Owal. heoa, J. L and Abbiasea, A. K.]evaue tlzatloa by botallsaal 2 t uft mole oovpemate of the
toxin. Proc. Soo. Xgper. Bial1 toxins of 01. bottlaus.Wd. 69, 332-336, 1948-. 0adrstepoort J. Vet. tol.
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Antigan-antibody reaction withtp A botulinal to3in. J. a Iwo Nasoa, J. X,; Iand 8tone, X.591 231-24T7, 19L. fhe Iut aMilon of galnea pigs
against the toxins of 0l. botutlionIagroux, N.; and Jdaosc, 0. typoe 0 and Do J. South Africa
Studies on botulinum toxin and Veto. Kd. Aesoc. 9(2)1 71-73o 1938.antitoxin. Oompt. Send. Moc.
Bismahop, J. IL I.Leuohs, J. The iuunalsation of bovines
Contribution to the Imowledge of against lanalektoe, J. Souththe toxins and antitoxins of African vet. Hod. Assoo.Bacillus botulinus. Zei t' f. Wyg. 9(2):1 65-70P 1938.u. [nfektionskr. 65 55-84, 1910. * Matvee; 1. 1o
Levis, I"a A.; and Page I. H. Aatogenes botul.simm. Moscowo,J'rthar studies on the protective Academy of Medical Science, 1949.
power of adrenal extr&ct and steroids 186p. (In Russian)against toxic agents. kdeoorinolog.431 415-421, 191. Melnik0 X. I.; and Otarobinets, G.1.Chem. Abstr. 43: 80549. Active i.mnization against
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Mackenzie, G. M. General and local insanity toThree •soes of botulism treated Clo botulinun toxin. J1 Inmun.
with antitoxin. Olin. misc. 151 49-506, 1928.UarY I. Bassett Boep. 1: 53-63, 1934. * Nitg Clara; Bottle0 G. A.;
X l•Clung, L. S. Wrell, L. L.: Rosenwald, A. S.;Studies on anaerobio bacteria, and Beveridge, G. W.
L Beat stable and heat labile anti- Studies on botulinum toxoid.gone In botullnus and related groups types A and B I. Production ofof spore-bearing anasrobes. J. Infec. alum precipitated toxolds.DLs. 6o: 12,-12er,. 1937. J. Imaun, 551 245-254o 1947.
* ~~-41l-
Xl. ZmmuMnIsation, Tozoids, Antitox•aso
"O ۥe D. T. 0 JUGGo Christineo A~ ; Paliator, X,.;PAntigonloity of alpreoipitatod Smitho , 0.; and liaed O. B.
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* pfeg tngo . V. * Moo, Christine A.; Smith, Lo 0.;Tozioo-imunaoogio and serologic Palliator, 3Zo 7; and ]bed, G.P.
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Sterno, Xax; and Moon, J. go* Poleon. A.1 and Sterne. Max. The determination of the Anti-
Production of potent botulimxm genic values of botulinus formal-toxins and formol toxoida. tozoids by their totail antitoxinNature. 1581 238-239, 1946. oombining povers. :. South
Afrioan Vet. Mmd. Assoo.Frdvot, A. 3. 12: 8M-85 1941. Siol. Abatr.
Beearches on the toxin, anatoxin #7387. 19 4 2 ,and antitoxin of Oloatuidlun botulinumDo Acad. Vet. do France. Sterno, Max; and Naon, :, Be321 390-392o 1948. The Ins1ation of gui•o
pigs aodnet the toxins of a,.PrOvot, A. 3.; and Brygoo, Z. L botuilinJt types 0 and Do J. South
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* 9suovki Vto To md Nioka, Bo.L
BIvina, A. ; and Gilbert-Droyfasa. The biologic action of ultraRoo6yory from botulism after high frequency currents. J. Infoc.
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* eamee, H. R.1 Kadull, P. J.; the toxin produced in biurot-Housowright, R. D.; ad Wilson, J.B. free media and its characteristies.Studies on botulinum toxoids, Japanese J. Rzpor. Med. 12: 9-314
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Experimental iinunization ofman against botulism by use oftoxoid. 00r. Batteriol. e.-42-Im ool 17: 451-456, 1936e
XI. Iuumnisation. Toxoids. Antitoxins.
Velikanovo I. X. Voinber& M.; and 4oy, P.Zxperiental vacoination apainst Botulinum anatoxin. Ocupt.
botulism. Zit. fr IwonIt~tsf. u. Rend. Soc. Siol. 911 146-149,"exper. Theran. 70: 18T-l919, 1931. L924.Chem. Abstr. 25: 5466.
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Vellkanov, I. L.; and fuliak, P. Z. WInberg, X.; and Goy, P.Study of imrIty against botulism. Oral and subcutaneous vaocina-
Kln. Moed- 7: 1074-1074 1929. tion of animals against botulinuspoisoning, especially vith ans-
Telikanov, r. N.; and toxin. Compt. Rend. Boc. 31ol,Kolesnikova, N. K. 93: 430-432, 1925.Beneficial results of serothorapy
In botulism. ln, Moed. Veinberg, JL; and Goy, P.12: 1807-1812, 1934. Use of anatoxin in the prepara-
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BzJz0Iou•m 01 BoWZ.IN A @ffBIXUND B•f7LIU.
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II
XII. Therapy.
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193 Velianov, ILM& ; and Koiesnikova,
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Chemoical inhibition of botu- mental diphtheria and botulism;ltnum toxin. Proc. North Dakota failure to protect heart againstAcad. Sci 1: 34-37, 1948. toxic lesions. Compt. Rend.Chem. Abstr. 1428 5555f. Soc. Biol. 126: 1029'iO31L
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
XIII. ZPIIMIOIOGYo RESPONSIBLE FOODS.
A llen, R. W.; and Ecklund , A. W. Cabrera, J. M.Botulism in North Dakota; Grave paralytic botulism pro-
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Belorusekayao F. M. Clarenbuzg, A., and Fijen, J. N.Toxin foration in malted Food poisohing by Bacillus
red-meat fish infected with spores botulinus typ6 B. Nederl.of B. botulinus. Voprosy Pitaniya. Tijdschr. v. Geneesk.8(6): 90-101, 1931- 7li 4g06-4813, 1937.Chain. Ahstr, 35: 217
Curran, H. R.; and Evans, F. R.Bergman, Rolf. The activity of penicillin in
Botulism and its occurrence in relation to bacterial spores andSoandanavia. Nord. Med. TidskI. the preservation of milk08: 949-954, 1934. J. Bact. 52? 89-98, 1946.
Bergman, Rolf; Insulander, Sten- xhr0 ?and Lindblad, Yngvar° Botulism due to canned foods.Berologloally verified epidemic Med. Welt. • 1 1331-13A4 1937.
of botulism in *ckholm involvingfive members of family. Aota Mod 0 Dereux0 JoSoand. s4i 496-516. 1935. Familial epidemic of benignBiol. Abstr. #8761, 1936. botulism, following ingestion of
hW.o Bull. et Hem. Soc. Mdd. d.Bernard, H. ; Rambert, P.; and Hapo do Paris. 61, 255-256, 1945.
Pestel, X.Botulism from preserved goose. Dolman, 0C. A.; Qi•g, H.;
Piles. Mi4d. 51, 283, 1•43. Kerr, D. S. ; and Shearer, A. R.Bull. Byg. 181 758. 19 3. Pish-borne and type 3 botulism;
two cases due to home pickledDurov0 A. 3. ; Dan" av, 1. J ; herring. Ganad. J. Putb. Aal th.
St,, 7. X.; andaSel, X. So 41: 21.5-229, 1950.tes of animals in spread of
botulism. Annaly Mochnikovskovo Dolmaen C 0. Z.; and Kerr. D. 3.Inst. 6: 27-44, 1937- Botulism in Canada, wiltBiol. Abstr, #975. 1939. report of type Z outbreak at
Nanaino, Bo C. Cenad. J. Pub.Health. 39!4- 1947o
-46-
IIIo. Epidemiologyo Responsible Foods.
* Dlma, C. 3o; and Kerr, D. Z. Gray, Do. 7Two fatal cases of botulism from Human botulism in Australia.
home-bottled asparagus. Canad" Med. Med. J. Australia. 2: 37-42, 1948,ASSOC. J- 59: &12-414, 1948.
Hall' Betty L.Douthirt, C. H. Botulism from home-canned beets.
Outbreak of botulism in Tucumcari, J. Lab. Clino Med. 298 7020 19144New Mexico. Southwestern Med.22: 51-53, 1938. Hall, 1. C.
Danger of botulism. Aaer. J.Edmonston, Ruth B.; Thom, Charles; Pub. Health- 33: 81&-820, 19143.
and Giltner, L. T.Canned spinach as a source of * Hall, 1. 0.
botulism. Amer. Food Jo Purther outbreaks of botulism18: 33-36, 1923. in Rocky Mountain region. Amer.Chem. Abstr. 17: 12872- J. Eg. 17a 235-251, 1933.
Esselen, V. B. * %llo I. c.Botulism and home canning. Now outbreaks of botulism in
Mass. Agric. Ixpero Bull, the western United States.426: 1-28. 1945. Food0 Reo. 1: 171-198, 1936.
Gy, F. P. all, I. 0.; and Giber, 0. X.Agents of disease and host Survey of botulism in
resistance. Chap. 400 Anaerobic Colorado with discussion of recentbacteria. Botulism. p. 896-99 outbreaks. Colorado Med.Springfield. C. C. Thomas, 1935. 268 233-24o4 1929.
SGeiger, J. G. 0 Hare, 7TankoBotulism outbreak. J. Amer. Botulism and encephalomyelitis
Med. Assoc. 1171 22, 1941a in horses, J. Amer. Vet. Med.Assoc. 961 101-102. 1940.
Geiger, J. 0.Food poisoning; some experimen- Hunter, 0, A.; Weisse, J. .; and
tal aspects. California & West. Olson, 0. L.Mid. 31: 328-330, 1929- Botalism in douth Dkote.
Journal IZsnot. 601 67-70, 1940.• Geiger, J. G.
leprt of two outbreaks of food A T=es, L. H.poisoning , Nab. Nealth Repts. Effeots of grseeing on spores521 765-772, 1937. and toxin of Olostridium botulinum.
Jo Infec. Die. 52: 236-241, 1933.o Geiger, J. 0.1 Dickson, 3. C.: and
Meyer, L 1. Johnson, D.3.; and Styles, .°V.The epide•dolog of botulism. Botulism in human beings,
Pub. Health Bull. No. 127, from home and commercially omedSept. 1922. ll'9p. La: California foods. Rocky Mountain Ned. J.Univ. Hooper Youndation. Collected 468 740-743, 1919.Reprints. v. VII, 1922-1923o
-147-
IxIo. ptodeaiology. Responsible 7oods.
Jones, 2. Ro 4 Laes 0. Bet and Jones-navies0 T.B.
lood pdisoning: its epidemiolog GaSe of botulism with note onand bacteriology. Britt. Ned. J. baoteriologio eamination of sus-21 106-110, 1937. peoted food. Lanoet. 21 717-718,
1935.Jones, Osman.
Botulism. lood. 5: 17-18, Logrou,, S.; Jiramoc, . ; and1935. Lovadlti, J. 0.
Botulism during the ocovpati on,* Zadavy, Joan L.; and D ak. . X. 194o-1944. Bull. Acado NdWd.
Effeot of experizentally Paris. 1291 6543-6'45, 1945.inoculating canned bread withspores of Clostridiun botulinuna Lepouzo R.; L@vaditi, Jo O.a andand Bacillus mosentericus. lood Jarraae, 0.Be@. 16: 328-337, 1951. Botulism in France Wing the
occupation 1940-1944. Proses NWd.* ieleor E. A. 55: 109-110, 19147.. The identification of B. botulinusand its toxin in culture and in Lepoguz, R.; and Second, L.canned foodstuffs by serological Spores of Bacteria botulinusmethods. Amer. J. Pub. Hsalth. in flyo Piophila casel. Ann.13: 365-376o 1923. Inst. Pasteur. 711 •6--466, 1915.
0 Rolle, V.;and Betsoh, . • Lindsa, R. B.; oewssm, J. R.;Experinental baoteriology. and Hallo Io 0.
Vol. .. Chapo =I1. Botulism. Outbreak of botulism inp. 92-4987, 7th ed.o rev., Wyouing caused by eating home-English version; London, Allen canned wild mushrooma. J. Anor.and Unwin, 1934. Ned. Assoc. 1081 1961-1964s 1937.
Kurotchkin, B. I.; and Lopes Gomeso L.Zmel'yanohik, X. G. Botulism from improperly pro-A bacteriological study of two served foods; frequency in Zoragma.
outbreaks of fish botulism. Arch. la•o. d Ned. de Zarag.sa.Voprosy Pitanya 6(31: 89-95o 1937. 1t 14-4154, 3032.Cha.n Abstr. 32: 3448 .Kurbhkln, a I.; and and .;Blonc, L a
Zmel'yanchik, K. G. Botulism duo to raw haml threegeal meat at a source of botulism. cases. Bull. et Mdm. goo. Md. d.
Voprosy Pitaniya. 6(1) 141-1i48, ESP. do Paris. 52: 1024-1o029,19370 1936.
KushaLr, A. Do; Brun, T. K.; and Meyer, L 7.Paikina, S. S. ftLequ•ony of botullsm.The sources of Bacillus bovulinus Oslifornie , A West. Ned.
infection in sturgeons. 2ur. 441 385-388c 1936_ikiobiol. pidlemiol. I Imeunobiol.19: s8-85, 1937.Chem. Abstr. 32' 7505k.
-148-
0tr NqzL1 Report on oulbu'.n of bot*llsmeNever kaodedp of bostlismn A j. Amor. Nod. Ameoo. 121: 128&. .J4
messel poilso g. Amer. Je Pbe 19)43.
alth. 211 762-7701bion, 3 1
Neyer, L F. I &ad tAo, 3. hbod poisoning osuoed byprspeotlves ooacemaiag boftil". mateuials of animal crisis*
Selt- .f. 1331 25.-263, 195%. South African Ned. j. 1111937. Ohem* Abetr. 311 : MR*
SNerr, I. ?. I end Omulson, Jaet 3.ropea $strains of 01. botalinu. Bobinsons, 2. N.
J. Infeo. Div. 451 96-105. 1929. Notes on the bacteria of theOlstridium botulinum 0 type and
MY8asa S. their distribution. South African
Botulism in endosea provinoo. J. Sol. 221 135o 1925.Novena Reunion Soo. Argent. doPat. Ies. 21 776-812. 1937. Ratohkovse)a,. Bs.
Flies, L.oilla o~sale' as possible
oine., G. G. arrioers of Bacillus botulinus.
Da danger des oadavres en putre- XlMrobiol. Saur. : 290-307p 1929.
faction an soln des 4rees olimen-talres Rev. do Path. Ooup. lutohkovsky, 8. 1.
50o n-11-413. 195D0. Mechanism of fish poisoning ofBacillus botulinus type. P-ofillak.
Novin, As . MNd.. 7(9-10)t 31-•9, 1929.Botulism from cheose. J. mnfeo.
No. 281 226-231, 1921. Sackett, V. G.Botulism poisoning. Colorado
Orr, PN7. Agrio. Zxper. Sta. Ohro. 73A.A rapid method of determining 4 p. 1932. Chem. Abstr, 27: 1W5152.
the presence and type of botulinu8ýozin in contaminated foods. J. Scheid, G.
Infes. Dl.. 29: 287-2S0, 1921.o chinken und Bauohfleisbh a&I
Chem. Abatr. 16t 31012. Infkotionquelle fIr Botulsmus.Nod.. Machr. 21 312-314,1d.9~48.
Perry, Aelon; Townsend. C. T.;
Andersoen, .A.; and Berry, J.eA Scheuber, J. R.
Studies on Clostrldium botulinum A note on investiestions into
in frosen pack vegetables. Food the distribntion of the lamoiektoTohoh 2: I0-190, 1948. organism. Union at South Africa
Dept, Agric. 15th Ann. jpt. D1r.
* presoott, S. G.; and Tanner, 1. W. Yet. Serv. p. 223-226, 1929.
Microbiology in relation to foodpreservation. Food Res. * SchoonholS, P.; Noty, J. 3.; and
3: 199-197o 1939. 4eyer X. 7.Toxin prodn ction and signs of
Privot, A. R.; and Huet, Ma spoilage in commercially oanned
2xistence in Francs of human botu- vegetables and fruits inoculated
item due to fish and to C1, botulinum with detoxzified spores of B.
type . Buzll, Acad. Nat. W4d., botulinus. III. J. Infec. Dis.
Pail. 135t 432-435, 1951. 331 289-327. 1923.
-4*
XII. •pidemiolog. Responsible loods.
SSchoenhols, P.; and Mayer, t. . Straseburger, .Oiffeot of direot sunlighto Dotullep from canned string
diffuse da~light, and heat on beaus. Aroh. f. 4g. 131, 35,poeono of botulinus toxin in 19)43culture mediums and vegetable pro-ducts. XXXV. J: infoe. ms. Swabo 0. NM; and Gerald, R. F.35, 361-389, 19214. Present status of botulism in
food poisoning. Nebraska Ned.Scott, 3. G.; and Xallett, Re. . J. 17, 34s-42. 1932.
Outbreak of botulism in Orangecounty. Virginia Mod. Month. * Tanner, 7. W.; Boeamer, P. R.; and681 1941. A korr0. J.
?urther studies on developmentSSeaglve, Milton; and Deck, G. Me of Clostridiua botulinum in re-
Grovth of bacteria associated fri gerated foods. oaod Res.vith food poisoning experimentally 58 323-333, 1940.inoculated Into debydrated meat.Food Res. 16: 118-12% 1951. Taylor, V. I.
The grovth and toxin j'oduotion* Slocum, G. G,; Weloh, H.; and of Glostridium botulinum In
1hater, A. 0. cottage cheese. Univ. of Illinois.Outbreak of botulism caused PhD thesis, 19•s. 47p.
by home-canned tomatoes. 7lodBes. 6: 179-187. 1941. * Thompson, L.; and Tanner, . VW
Toxin production by OlostridiumStarin, W. A. botulinum in canned foods. Or.
Persistence of botulinum toxin Infec. Diem 37, 344-352, 1925.in discarded canned foods. J.Isfec. Die. 40: 525-532, 1927. 0 T7.ucker, C. B.e and Swanson, Homer.
Outbreak of botulism in0 Starit, V. A. Tennessee due to type 3 Clostridium
Relationship of Incubation botulinum. Pub. I.alth Reptsotemperature to viability, rate of 54t 1556-l560. 1939.grovth and toxin production ofClostridium botulinum in different Van Sohoonhoven van Beurdon, A.J.LZ.;vegetables. J. Infeo. Dim. and qaronbur& A.38, l06-114. 1926. Botulism in the Netherlands.
Noderl. Tijdschr. v. Oeneesk.0 Steinke, P. K. WeV and Foster, Z.N. 1., 6021, 6033., 1937.
Botulinum toxin formatIon inliver sausage. Food Res. W.llaco, G. I.; and Park, 8. 3.16s 4177-484, 1951. M4icrobiology of frouen foods;
behavior of Clostridium botulinum• 8traka, & P.; and. James, Lo H. in froson fruits and in vegetables.
Further studies on frosen J. Infec. Die. 52: 150-156,vegetables. Jo. act, 29: 313-322, 1933.1935.
-50-
XII. Apideadoogy. Responsible oo0ds.
V1 dIer, M.K. * Zlatogoroff. 5. 1.; andBotulism in Nov Mezico; Incidence Soloviev, H. No
over ten yea.4 with report of six Botulism in the Union of
o0,e0. Amer. J. Ms. Mild. Socialist Soviet Republics. J.75' 203-205, 194•. Amer. Med, Amsc. U8 2024-2025,
1927.
DIBLIOGPAMPR ON3 BOTtLISM & MOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUN
XIV. DISTRIBUTION 01 sPOils IN NATURAo
B Baohman, Fred& X.; and Haynes, Aditho Geiger, J. C.; and Benson, B.Vrevalenoe of toxin producing Intensive localized distribution
anaerobes in Visconsin. J. Infec. of the spores of B. botulinus andDA.s 3141 132-136, 19224. probable relation of preserved
vegetables to type demonstrated.G Coloen, G. B. Pub. Health Repto. 38: 1611-1615,
The distribution of spores of 1923-B, botulinua in the soil of arestricted area in California. III. * Geiger, J. C.; Dickson, X. D.; andJ. Infeo. Die. 31: 556-558, 1922. Meyer, L. F.
The epidemiology of botulism.Cook, 3. V. Pub. Health Dll. No, 127.
Mhe occurrence of Clostridium Sept., 1922, llp. In: Californiabotulinue and Clostridium tOtani Univ. Noeper Foundetions Collectedin certain plots of soil, Ohio Reprints, v VII, 1922-1923oState Univ. Abstr. Doctoral Dies.47: 9-124, 1945 Graham" R.; and Boughton, Io B0Biol. Abstr. #12487, 19247. The presence of C1. botulinun
type C in inol and its possible• Damone S. R.e and Paabal, L, B. relation to the parabotulinus
Distribution of the spores of organism of Shoddar. Abstr,B. botulinus and B. tetaai in Bact, 3 25-26, 19204."Hryland. J. Infea. A-a.39, 491-5Ol, 1926. Raies, E. B.
The occurrence of toxigenliSabovsly, Bertha J. ; and Meyer, 1. Sp aneerobels especially Clostridium
The distribution of the spores botulinum in some Baglish soils.of B. botulinus in the territory J. kvc, 42- 323-327T, n42.of Alaska and the Dominion of Canada. Biol. Abstro #2226, 19i3oJ. Infec. Die. 31: 595-599, 1922o
* •5l.
X?, mostribution of Spores in Saturo.
C Jonas, .L .. an1M tmuer, F. V. M orse, X 1. Favo•rs. J. ;o; and.ZnoiJnce and. distribution of Vllians 10. J.
botulism in soils of llinois. $pores of Olostridiut botulinunbodo 2e2. 1Oi 238-24%5, 1915. in Georgia soil. Food Reo.
15 -454458, 1950.Zeighton, G. t and Buxton, J. B.
f distribution of Bwillus * raai7, 3o V.botullnus in Scottish soils. .,Provealoo of OlostridiumJ. Ayg. 28: 79-82o 1928-192%, botlinu in soils of oentral
lov York State. Food Ree.9 Meyer, L. I.: and Jlibovskyo Bertha J. 11, 203-209o 1946.
fhe occurrence of the spores of3. botulinus in Belgium, Denmark• Pasrioha, 0. L.; and PAnja, G.Ingland, the Netherlands, and Clostridlun botulinum inWvitsorland. VI. J. Infoe. Dieo samples of Calcutta soil. India
313 6W-609, 1922. J0 Med. Res. 28t 49-54 1940.Btiol. Abort. #2654. 1941.
* Meyer. L. 4.; and DabovskV, Bertha J.The distribution of the spores lobinson, 3. N.
of B. botulinus in Oslifornia. I1. Notes on the bacteria of theJ. Infec. Die. 311 541-555c, 1922. Clostridium botulinum 0 type and
their distribution. South African* Meyer, 1. 7.; and Dubovsky, Bertha J. J. Sol. 221 135, 1925.
The distribution of the sporesof B. botulinue in the Thited States. Sohoenhol., Pa ; and Meyer, L 7.fy, J. Infeco 28. 318 559-59I ' The cocurrence of the spores of1922. B. botulinus in the Navaiian1slands and Ohina. VIZ. J. Infec.
C Meyer, L 7.; and Geiger. J. 0. Meo 319 610-613, 1922.The distribution of the spores
of S. botulinus in nature. Pub. Stramt A,,Health Repte. 361 4-6, 1921. Botulism .n Norwe'. Bull.
Off. Internat. d03!o Pub.268 1562-1563 1934.
-52-
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON BOTULISM & CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
XV. BOTULISM IN ANIMALS
*inun, D. A.; and Smith, D. L. To * Coburn, Do A.; and ,uorturyp 3.R.Botulism in mink. Ontario Vet. Atypical botulism in turkeys.Golf. Rept. 1948: 129-135, 1949- J. Amero Vet. Med. Assoc
93? 385-387, 1938.Bennette, H. W.e; and Hall, He. T. B.
Botulism of sheep and cattle in Ooburn, D.R; aad quorturp, R.B.Western Australia; its cause and The distribution of botulinusito prevention by imunization. •xin in duck sickness areas.Australian Vet. J. 14; 105-118, Transo Third. North American1938. Wildlife Congress. p. 869-876;
1939.Bennette, H. W.; and Hall, H. T. B.
The control of toxic paralysis Croise, Andrd'.in sheep and cattle. J. Dept. Le botulism. ches 1'homme etA ic. Western Australia. Ser. 2. lg animaux. Jarim, Vigot FareasNr, 3.1-386. 1937. 1934. 72p.Blol. Abstr. #6120. 1939.
•ido t, F.
Bianchi, B. Botulism of ducks. Roc. doBotulism in cattle in Italy. MYdd Vet, 121: 177-180, 1945.
Clin. Vet., Milan. 73: 120-122,1950. Dobberstein, J.; and Piening, Go
The pathology of the centralBotulism in horsee, cattle and nervous system in animals;sheep. J. Dept. A*ric. Victoria. botulism in swans. Berl,410 159-165, 1946. Tierlirstl. Wocho 49: 5'49-552,
1933oBotulis in stock. J. zp . Agrico
Victoria. 42: 155-160o 1944. Dorweiler, P. 0,Bquine bo tuli sm, North Amer.
Breuer, G. Vet. 16(8): 3 7-4,1 1935.Botulism in horass. Tiergrztl.
Umschau. 4: 303-307, 19i9. Fourier, Jo M.Persistence of botulinus toxin
Brion, A.; and Armingaud, 1. in carcass material with specialBotulism in the horse. Rev, reference to that of tortoises..
Msrd. VI't. Lyon et Toulouse. J. South African Vet. Med. Assoc.961 17-32; 60-69, 1945. 17+ 85-87o 1946.
Burov, A. A. ; Denisov, N. Jo; Fulton, J. SoKats. F. M.; and Segal, M. So Botulism in horses. Vet. Med.Soles of animals in spread of 25: 141i 1930-
botulism. Annaly MechnikovskovoInst. 6: 27-440 1937.Biol. Abstr. #9750 1939-
* -5
XV, Botullsip In Animals.
Geurden, L. M . ' Cnh laon,, Janet '.; and Coleman o0.3.
Comparative study on botulism Clostridium botulinum type Cand Botulinue bacilli. Koninklijke associated with western duck sickVlaamse Acad. Geneesk.o Van Belgie. noses. J. Infec. Die.7: 121-143, 1946. Abstr. in. 51. 542-551,, 1932.J. Amer. Vet. %d. Assoc.111: 156. 1947. * Gunnison, Janet B.; and Meyer, K. F.
Susceptibility of MacacusQolidfarb, D. M.; and Peisakhis, L.A. rhesus monkeys to botulism toxin
Mechanism of action of bacterial S, C,, and D. Proc. Soco. Exper.toxins in the organism of sentitive Blol. Med. 26, 89-90, 1928.and resistant animals; role ofenvironmental temperature on * Gunnison, Janet S.; and Meyer, K. F.reproduction of botulism in frogs. Susceptibility of monkeyso goats,Uchen. Zapoki. Vtor. Moskov. Med. and small animals to oral adminis-Inst. Stalina. 1: 217-222, 1951. tration of botulinum toxin types
B, G, and D. J. Infec. Die.Gomez, A. 469 335-340, 1930.
Botulism. Crias y Cult.1(8-9): 15-16. 1947. gfall, I. C.; and Stiles, G. W.
An outbreak of botullim inGorham, J. R. captive mink on a fur farm In
Reviewing botulism in mink. C62rado. Jo Bacto 36: 282,Jur J. 16(6): 10, 1950. 1938o
Graham, A.; and bougton, I. Be HAll 0 W. We; and Scott. B. V. D.Flostridium bot-ulinum type C Botulism. Vet. Bull., Washingto,•
aseociated with limberneck-like 28i 285-296, 1934.disease in cljckens and ducks.J. South African Vet. Med. Assoc. zoen, Elizabeth L.1?: 723. 1924. Differential characters of two
strains of Clostridium botulinumGraham, R.: and Brueckner, A. L. type Z; action of toxins in
Studies on forage poisoning. chickens. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol,The #Uation of B. botulinus to Hed. 50: 112-l114 1942,
forage poisoning or cerebrospinalmeningitis in horses. J. Bact. 0 Henning, M. V.1: 1-21, 1919. Animal diseases in South Africa.
Section I B. Chap- 5. BotulismGraham, R. ; and Eriksen, Z. and Lamuiekte. p. 324-353.
Eiperimental botulism in dogs. South Africa, Central 1 ews Agency,J. Infec, Die. 31: 4O2, 1922. 6t&, 1949.
Gromyko, A. T.; and Bogolepov, B.I. 0 Hobaaier, X.A case of botulism in horses; Dack disease caused by botulinum
Veterinarila. 22( 11-12)" 39, 1945- toxin of type C. Proc. Soc. Irper.Biol. Med. 28: 339-340, 1930.
Gunning, 0. V.Losses in geese, ducks and poultry
caused by a toxin In the gut contentswhich resembled the toxin producedby the anaerobe Clostridium botulinum.Brit. Vet. J. 106: 81- 92, 1950 , -
IV. BOTULISM IN ANIMALS.
0Hungerfordk T. G. Mc~enna0 C. ToBotuliom in poultry. Agric. Botulism in farm animals.
Gaz. of New South Wales. 53. -439-4o, J. Dopt Agrico South Australia.1942. 41. 94947. 1938e
Jacquet, J,; and Pr'vot, A. R. * McLod, MdithoResearch on experimental equine Dack botulism. 50i° Month.
botulism. Ann. Inst. Pastour. 719 302-308, 1950.81: 334-337o 1951.
1Maon, J. H; Steyn, H. P.; and
* Kalmbach, Z. R. Blsschop, J.o H. .American vultures and the toxin The immunimation of bovines
of Clostridium botulinumo J. Amer against laaesikte. J. SouthVet. Med. Assoc. 94s 187-191, 1939- African Veto Med. Assoc*
9(2)- 65-70. 1938.K Kalmbach, 3. R.
Progress in western duck sick- Mdry, 7o Botulism in dogs.ness stufieso Science. AMad. Viet. do lranoe. B 201 28-37,75: 57-58, 1932. 1947.
Kalmbach, 3. R. 3moll, T. ; and Brandly, G. A.Will botulism become a world- Botulism in the mouse, mink
wide hazard to wild fowl? J. Amer, and ferret with spocial referenoeet. t Med. Assoc- 87, 183-187, to susceptibility and pathologcal
1935. alterations. Amer. J. Yet. Roe.12: 355-363, 1952.
WAmbaoh, 3. R.; and Qkmderson, M6.71Western duck sickOess, a form Nicol 0 Go
of botulism. U. S. Agric. Tech, Botulism in fucks and geoeseBull. 411: 1-81, 1934. J. 'Dpt. Ag1loo Tictoria.
Lanrre, L.; and Lamarro, Ho
Contribution to the clinical Palear0 3. X.study of botulism in horses. AMad. hnsootic botulism quOnupt wildVYt. de France. 17, 117-126. 1944. birds. Autralian Vet. Jour.
lO' 128-135% 19341.Logrouxo 3.; and Levaditi, J. C. Bilol Abstr. #3653, 1936.
Mperioental botulism in Oglquestion of natural botulism. Ann. S Pyle, 1. G.; and Brom, R. 1LInst. P&steur*. 73: 105-115. 1947. Botulism in foxes. J. Amer.
Tet. Med. Assoc. 94s 436-"39.lagroý*, 3.; Levaditi, J. C.; and 1939.
I&W~. R.1xperimmntal botulism of the e Qnortrup, So X.; and Gorham, J. L
horse, and the question of natural Susceptibility of furbearingbotulism. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, animals to the toxins of 01.72: 545--552. 1946. botulinum types A, B 0, and, Be
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XV, Botulism In Animals.
* quortrup, 3. Jk; and Holt, A. L. Bove, A* L.Case report on botulism tp. hesootic botulism amonget
C in minks. J. Amer. Vae,. Ned. vild birds. Australian Vet. J,"aBSoc. 97a 167-161, 19•o. 10 175-477, 1934.BiOol Abitro #21407, 1936,,
* quortrup, X. A.; and Holt, A L1Detection of potential botulisus Mossio Paul.
toxin prodncing areas in western Blood urea in bovine botulls.duck marshes with su&gestions fo" Oompto Road. 8oo0. 3ol.control. J-. Beaat. 41: 363-37To 121s 526-527, 1936.19)k1o
Rossio Paul; and Berujon, J.'( Qborturp, 3. Raj; and Sadhaimer,. RL. Botulism of dunks, Its 1teat-Detection of botulinus toxin in mant. Aod. Vet. do France.
the blood stream of wild ducks. B. 231 365-369o 1950.J. A*r. Yet. Ned. Assoc.1023 ý64-266, 1943. * Shaw, a. X.; and Simpeon, G. S.
Clostridium botulinum type 04mortrup, 3. R.; and Sudhbiner, R. L, In relation to duck sickness in
Notes on research on botulism the province of Alberta.in western marsh areas with recom- Jo Bet- 321 79-8% 1936.mendatione for control, Trans.Seventh North American Wildlife Swe1&rt, I.Confer. p. 28 14-293, 194 Lamsiekte of sheep in
Southwest Afrioa. J. BontoRiser, V. as African Vet. lied. Assoc.
Clostridium infection in canine Is 3, 25-29o 1929.sugerye. Vet. Student. 10: 1ll-141948. Ssyfres, Bo; Trenohi, H.; and
.tbiracon. DLRobinson, 3X. L Botulinum intoxication in
Botulism in the domesticated ducks. Off, Internatle desanimals. J. South Africmn Vet. Med., isoot. B. 29, 43i-437, 1911.Assoc* 1: 33-34, 1929,
TheLler, A.; and Robinson, 2. 1.Robinson, A. X. Botulism in domesticated
Notes on botulism in the dooesti- animals; dofinition, history,cated animals. Ann. Rept. Dir. literature review, and ezper•men-Yet. Sarmv, Pretoria, South Africa. tW,. Zoit. f. InfektionekreSect. I-IV. 1t 97-110, 1929, Naustiere. 31: 165M0, 1927.
Robinson, i. .L U Underwood, A. J.; Hervoy, Be J.;Outbreaks of botulism in dooesti- and Peck, A. &
cated animals end birds. Ann. op to Biochemical data on the bloodMr. Yet. Serv. . Pretoria. South and urine of sheep in the botulismAfrica. Sect, I-IT. 1: 111-117, area of western Australia.1929. 17: 193-203. 1939.
Chem, Abstr, 33: 8768
-56-
1!. Botulism In Aalmals.
Iabdrwoode 3. J. . and Sler, .To. s w41, o. J ItleTic Paralysi of ahe ,In Loetu11 lna hbases. J. fpt.
wsstern * tra1.ia. feediag ezerl- Io. Vitoria.. -35 134..13•- 1937.auto at eockeriag end SeverloysJ. Dept. Ap'ia. •is torn Anstr~i&. Vester. .T.
212 27-284 1935. 66 * 3.ttI in hlerue. tdschr.Mums Abmtr. 301 86 Mergesoodk. 551 30400. 19286
TIlaneva Pallorol., Jo Ulaimog 3." etolis, In herhores. rida Botulism in huges. Rev.Geaiad. Sere 3. 1..* 58, 1~42-148; toie Path. 211 257-.26D. 1951.No. 59: 160-262t 19I6.
Alliam, L.W alkur, . S. Ikuine botulism L elgilum-.
Relation between $raues dleoueo haa. Ana~ . Tdt. p. 8, 1Z2of horses sad botulism. *it. J.Je.O 'ath. 10: 352-360t 1929.
-57-
AUTHOR JNIM
Abaracon, as,, "s Bayfrese B, 56. Belot, Monty, see Sherwood, N. P.Abelq 3*, see LVergue, YV, 9. 37.Abrom, A., goo Bottle, G;. A. 270 Songtoon, Ida A. 1, 7, 11, 22, 26,
Esoles, Goergon; and 38."--Eottle, G. A. 26. Bennottso Ho V.; and Uallo H, T. B.
Mkrn e= oo St~bklIger, ~E, A~W .539. Benson, Hgo see Geiger, J. C. 51,
Aeoli, Denso. 38- Br~ Roll 46oAItke*k R. S. ; Barling, B. ; and - Insulander, Sten; and
Miles, A. A. 2. "--ndbald, Tngvar. 7T 46.Alajouanine, T.; Thurel, 1, ; and Bernard, H.; Asaboert P.; andDu t* L, o 0 Peostalo 4.16,
Al1eov. P. A.1 and Ireaenko, M. I. Berry, J. A., see:is Andersen, A. A. 11.
Allen, R. V.; and Roklmnnd. V. A. Perry, Helen, 149.46. Berujon, J,, see Rolsi Paul. 56.
Anbacho, N. 30. Bovorldge, J. W., see Nig& Clara.Anderseon, A. A. 11a 19. 41.
m, se Perry, Helen. .49 Bianchi, X. 530a; nd Berry, J. A. 1.. Bidault, C. 11.
mi•lmon. Belle G. 11. Bishop, G. H.; and Bronfenbrenner, SoAnderson, 7. E. •46. 2, 22, 30.SmIngaud, Y., see¢ Brori, A. 53. Bigsohop, J. Ho R., see Mason, J. HoAMbry, 1., see Mollaret, P. 10. 4lo 55.
Bjdrklund, So, see Tardieux, P.
Black, X. Z. 44,Baohman, Freda M.; and Ba~ynes, dlth. Blair, Z. B., see Williams, 0. 3.
51. i8, 21.Bard, R. C. 30- Blumboxgorr L J.,; sen Gross, H.Barg, G. 38. All 22.BarlIng, B., see Aitken, R. So 2. Bofenkamp, B.; and Priest, R. SoBaInUm, D. A.; and Saith, D. L. To 2.
5. Bogolepov, B. lo, see Gromyko, A. T.Basch: G,, see Mlay, So 4, 48. 514.Bateinn, J. B., see Wasan, Jack. Bohrer, C. W., see Cameron, 1. i.
37. 46.Bs oer, M. K., see Iack. G. X. Bownor, 1). H,, see Beuhiler, It. J.
12. 33.Beamr, P. R., see Tannpr, F. V. Borofff, D. A.; Raynaud, Marcel;
S17, 29P 50. and Prevot, A, Ro 7o 26. 32o 3.Book, D., see Dickson, .3. C. 20. Boughton, I. B., see Graham, Robert.Bellinger, B.; K~rnlein, K4; and 14o 51o 54a
Lembke, A. 32A 44. Brandly, C. Ao, see Moll, ToSallis, C. J`.; and Larson, V. P. 6, 55.
30. Breitzkeo, G 2.Belorusskya,7 F. X, 11D 26o 46. Breuer, G. 53-
S-59-
Broer, C. R., see Roeslor, V.G. Clarenburg, A.; and 1ejon, J. Jr.16. 2, 46.
Brion, A.; and Aruinpud, 1. 53. Clifton, 0. Z. 12.Bristol, Pearl. il Olodfolter, HI 1. 2, 44.Bonfenbrenner. J. 32. 0ob•r.n, D. R. 33.
goes ; ad Queotrup, S. 3. 53.e-iho]o 0. IL ,,2, .22j To- an, .,o moo 8-,,b~o, 0. 9,"
Kalmnon, a.GM. %, &- * 17c 21,.and 2eoheeot ftilip. 7, 3• Cohraq .. G, 2.
1 and Sohlesinger, N.X . 00164", G.- . 19, 22, 33, 44, 51.-'76, , A 3, 38. .. e GmanneOn, Janet B. .1.
; Schloai---, X. J. _ and. and MXeo, X. 1. 22.ý Asans', S. 0. 7. 2. W. 51.1 Schlesinger, . J.; and 0011011, L. Ill.as* HIM. Clare.
1 and Weiss, 1arry. 44. Oorpsal, A. 44.vwno, R. N., see Pyle, N. G. 55-. ovdry, A. V.; and Nicholson, F. X.B acokner, A. L., see Garahm, . 6, 22.
Cr•oe., AndzV. 2, 53.Brun, T. L., seo eushnir, 3. D, 49. Oousounema R., see Dsenochmm, D.Brygoo, A. L, 7o 11. 20
see Privot, A. X 28, 36, 42. Cummings J. R. see Ounni0on.mmeer, L J.; "rnor0 . a.; Janet 3. 1io 3 39e.
80h~ns. A Jotand awmaa. W. rran, 11. X..l msiebns, 1. IL33. 20.
Bargen. A. S. B.; Maokens, 1.; and ; nad yansi P. 1•. 19, 146.Zataon, L. J. 30.
Burke, Georgina 8. 19.see Diokson, A. 0. 12, D.IW,"•, A. I.; Deaisov, Xf. J. ; -- k. G. X. l, 2o 6o 12, 30l. 33,
Hats, F. Mo; and. Segal, X. 8. ; sees kragstedt, I,. i. 31.46. 53. •lordan, Z. 0o 27, 5.
Burrows, Willi=.. 11o 229 33, 38. 'auvy, Joam I. 15, 48.Buxton, J. B., see Leighton, G. Seaglove, Xilton. 17, 50.
52. Starin, V. A. 109 21, 25.Sugym, L. 21.Tanner, 7. V. 17.
and Banagartners, I. . 12.Cabrera, J. X. .2; and a bbard, J. 30, 33.
slasans, B. 0. , se Bronfenbrennor . ; and oskins, D. 30.J. 7. ; Starin, V. A.; and
Cameron. 3. Jot aid Bohrer, 0. V. -- Werner, Marie@ 12.46. ; and Villard, Z. 30.
Oarrat, P., see Judo, A. 35, 40. ; and Williston, Nilsabeth L*atg, B., ve Do laN, 0. 3. 13, 146. =2.Ohebotareva, S I.. see ; and Wood, V. L. 12, 23, 26,
Glotova, 3. V- 13, 26.Ohiray, &.; and Debtoy, 0. 2, . ; Wood, V. Lo ; and Dohler, S. A.Choubram, 2. " 26.Church, P. B. 22, 33. Ddot, F. 53.
larenburg, A.. see: mhr, P0 2, 33, 46.Van Schoonhoven van Bour'don, Domon, So R.; and Payabal, L. B.A. J.A . 50. .51
-59-
Dankerovitz, A. K0 see Glotowa, zoVo Dreyfus, Gilbert- 39, 44.C8 39, , uee Bavina, A. 45.
9 and Zelevinskayao So A. NO7tuer P. , see Gog~n, 3.-7- 23 38- 39.,44.Davis, J. 3.; Mattmon, L. H% and Dl.bovskTy B•rtha Jo. see Meyer, 1.7.
Wiley, Marjorie. 2. 52.Iavim0 No CGo see •a.lo Io C, a,4d Meyer, K. 7. 70 13, 51.
23o0 340@o 44. DEB", G, Go ; and Salith, ~Nay, A., uee Randall, A. 1* 15. 31 7.
Dean, So J.o see L•ago . 1. a0. Du=upto L.o see Alajouantne, T.sbrqW.o C il see Chiray,, No 2o 7. 2, 30.
Dohler, S. A., see nxbk, Go N.12c 26.
Doniohu•, Do; and Qroseonneau, A.2. faston, I. J. ; and Meyer, K, 7,
Donleove No J.; see Burov0 A. 3. 13.46, 53. Zaulong, L.0 see May, Z. 4, 48.
Dereux, J, 2,, 46. iddle'. B, losee Meyer, X. 1. 49.Doutmanu A, 7.; Graafland, C. A,; Zdmoniston, Rath 3.; Thom M3hrloes
and Van der Volde, P. 0. N. 2o and Filter,, Z. To . 7oDlckenes F., see Burgen, S. So Edmunds C. W. ; and Kelper, G. if.
30. 31044Dckson, 3. 0. lo 3D 6o 7o 12, Ed.u 4.,, C. W.; and Lon& P. H.
19, 23, 39o 44- 6, 31.see Geiger, Jo. 0. 47o 5; Icklundo W. A.,, see Allen, L. W.and Burkeo Georgina IL 4&.
M,, 20. klundo H. V.(, see Laxanna, Carl.e Burke, Georgina 8.; 2 35.
""0ok D-; and. Johnston, .. 20. Rlberg, S. 8; and Meyer0 K. 7. 13.Burke, Georgina So; Beck, D.A ; A•l yanchik, K. G.o see
"7Johaston, J.; and. King EL 209 foaotchin, B. 1. 15,o 48.and Howvtt, B. No 3•0 3milefZola, i.o see Reabert, P.and Sheraky, I.. J. 23c, 31c 4.
"-o, 33- remumukoo No I., sea Alisov, P.A.Diuock, W,. •.; and Vyant, Z. No 10
12a Brickeon 3., see Graham, Robert.
Doak, Beatrioe V., see Aan"aO Carl. isseleno V. B. 4, .Y 5 1. R•tyo7 Jo. o 20.
Dobberstein, J.1 and Pienlng, 0, -,_ see Sohoenhol; P. 20, 28, 49.6, 53. ; and Meyer, K. P. 20.
""MI o 0. 3.; Chaago f.; Kerr, D.A. Mine, Florence LZ see Tanner, P. W.and Shearer, A. I. 7, 13o 46. 17.
; and Kerr,, D.Z. 3. " 7o Nvana,7l. , Ilsee Curran, 9.. 46.Morofeeva, A. A,, see _ and Curran,, . a. 20.
Kooesnikova, 14. L 3, 45.- lvxrova•. K.; Zhitomirokmy#, ToM.;Dorveiler, P. 0. 53- and Ovohareanko, Z. P. 6, 31!Douthirto 0. HO 47.Dozier,, Carrie 0. 13D 200 26o
see Vaguer, 3. 18iVa~ner, ho and Meyer, K. P. I Palk, .T S.; and Povderaaker, 7,
-- 3, 26. S. 39.ragstedsto L% R., see Hareim, o Favre-Gilly, J.° see
31o Mounior~-Kuhk,; P. 4.
Fig•eiredo Filho, C. P. d. 3, Qogin, Z.; Dreytser, P., andPijen, J. N., see Clarenburg, A. Makaova-Tarasevich, Lo 39, 44.
2, 4&6 ol -dfarb, D. MN.; and Peisakhuo, L.A.A1deo, P. 13. 31, 54.716k, Bay, see Schneider, N. J. Goldie, H- 13o
5, 10. Gomez! A., 54-Fleming, T. C., see Williams, 0. B. Gordon, N., use Rosen. 4. )4o
IS, 21. Gorhm, J. 3. 54.J'omihg, V. L., see Neill, J. M. see qwrtrupo 3. Z. 55.
1.6. fn,, 2.- --- ^Vlga r, J. C.Poster, o X., @so Steinke, P. X. V. ;34.
29. 50. Govseev, N. A.0 see Slutskiyo I. S.Faster, J. W., see Wynne, Z. S. 5o
19, 21, 22. Goy, P., see Weinberg, M.; and Wynne, Z. S. ao 25,o 3A, 43,
MM1e, J. M. 330 530 Graafland, C. A., see Deutman, A. F,Fox, .3. P., see Nash, 7. V. G. 4. 2.Pranoillon, M. 33. Graham, Robert; and Boughton, I* B.Freankel. . M. 13: 34. 14. 51, 54-Frilichess, A. K. 8o and Brueckner, A. L. 54.Fuliak, P. Zoo see Velikanov, 1. M. and Zr:.ckson, 3. 23 54.
4+3. - and Schwarse, w. 8SFulton, J. S. 53- ' and Thorp, frank. 34. 32.
and Tunnieliff, X. A. 34..Thullicliff, 3. A. -
"'-7ulloch, Z. C.; and Thorp, Frank.
Geimon, G. D., see Masland, R. L, 39o(,,F. -G 13, 34D 47- reat Britain., Medcal Research S
GaY, B . P. 1,3 8, 13ear1+chC~c1 ,3,8 1, 3 9
Geiger, 40 C. 3, 23. 34, 7. Counelo 1o 80 o14 23o A 39osee Meyer, K. I. 5.a Grom~ykc, A. T., and Bogolepov, B. I.and Benson, H. 51- 54.
; and Gouvens, W. I. 31+4 (korg, H., seesDickson, 3. C.; and Meyeor, LF. Blumberger, K. J. 11, 22.
"4j, 51. orthle, E. 13 14.Gerald, IL 7,, see Swb, Co M. 50. Grumbaugh, K. KL; and Starin, W. A.Gou~rden, L. M. 8, 34, 54. 34 39.Gibbard, J., see Dack. G. M. 20 33. QugZaaheim, Karl. 14.0ilber, 0. Me, see Hall, . C. 47. Q'uillaumie, Maylis; and treuger, A.llbeort-eoyfi•a, see Ravina, A. 42. 34.
Gillespie, & W. H.; and lettger, L.F. Gunderson, M. F. 14. 39, 444o13. , see Kalambach . R. 55.
Giltner, L. T., see ldmonston, Ruth B. I ting, 0. V. 54.47. ounnison, Janet B. 8o 39-
Girard, P., see Jude, A. 35, 4JOo sees Lommel, Jeanne. 9 41.Glasu•oa, H. N., see Lamanna, Carl. -''.eyer o 7K 100 15 165 19
27. ; and Celemen, G. 3.Glotova, Z. V.; and Chobotarwra, S.No : Cummings, J. A.; Meyer, K. F.
13, 26. -- 14. 34, 39.; and Dankerowit2, A. K. 8, 39- ; and Meyvr, & F. 23, 34. 54.
'$. Kathryn, see Sommers, lio. W. ; and Schoenholz, P. 8.28. 5 on, A. C. r and MacDonald, N. A.
31o
Harem, So; Dak. k .. N; and Hottle, G. A., see:O Draetedt, L. R. 31, Abza&Mr A- 26.
Bing., Ro. a. 51-, Niog, Clara. 41,Halbert, Seymour-; Smolens, Joseph; and Abrame, A. 27.
and Mudd, Stuart. 34ý 39, - Nigg,, Clara; and Lichty, JoABall, Betty Lo 47- "77o '40oHall, Ho To Bo, see Bennett@, H. W. Housevright, R.D., see Reamer, Ho.E
58. 5s. 420Ha1 I.0- 3, 14,i 47. Hovitt, B3 Mo, see Diokson, Z. CoHall- I. C., see Lindsay, E. B. 4a.4 89
; andravis, No 0. 23 40 4o 34, 1ot1 Mo10,so4g; and Qdlber, 0. e. 70 Pro.oto A. R. 49.; and Peterson, 3. 0. 8, 14,, 27. Tardleux, P. 18.; and Stiles, Go V. 54. Hungerford, To T o qr.
=. VW. V.; and Scott, B. V. Do Hunter, A. Co, see Slocumt G. G.3,5 54 5o
HiuMPeon, Go L. 3- ftnter, C. A. FW1eiss, J. I.; andRare, Frank. 147 Olson, Co L. 47.Barmes, 7o aes Schoop, Go 37o lflxthle,, R.; and Gross, H, 3, 114.Harrell, I., see Vynne, Z. S. 19,Hart, G. H ; and Bayes, p. . 540.Harvey, R. J., see Undervood, 3. J.
56. Insulandor, Stan, see Bergman, Rolf.Hayes, 7. N., see Burt, G. IL 40. 7, 46.Haynes, Zdith, see B&chma, Freda X.
51.Haszen: lisaboth L. 8, 14, 34, 54.
eo eoevin, Mary. 41o Jacquot, J,; and Privot, A, R, 25,5.O sono V. Ao, see Stevenson, J, V. Jakobkiawlcs, Jo 8o 35o 140, 414a
17, 29o Jas•m, L. Ha 20. 27, 35, 477Stevenson, J. VW,; and Reed, G. B. see Straka, R. P. 17, 50.
"___* , "Mn"ta, Ma rtha, see Stryker, V. A.Henning, X. V. 1. 3, 14, 23, 54- 25, 37.Hlermann, P., see Rousseau. 50 Jaquuer, J. J., see 4a09e, H. L,%tohes,. 0 •o, 144. 4.Boteoh, IL, see Xollw, 3. 1, I, 9P Jarno, L., see Surinyi, L. 31.
15, 249 35c 48. JaMnin, A. K. so 40.B~tohs, A. 0.; and Streasburger, H. Jenseon, L B. 40 415.
24, 39o 409. JUrameo, 0o 35, 10.Riok@, R. A., see Bsymanowuki, V. T, see Logroux 3, 9, 24, 35,
370 "--i 48.Hill, 3. V., see LoVleo K. I. Johnson, D. 3.; and Styles. G. V.
15, 27. 47.HobaMlor, L. 54. Johnston, J., see Dickson, Z. 0.Holt. A. L., osequortrap, 3. , 20.
56. Joirls, 3o; and Quinet, L 6, 9.Hoskins, D., see so o, G. M. 30. Jones,, J. I, 15,o 48-Ho3o08 , Beigo; KulaShiM, Toesho; Jones, &L T,; and Tanner, 7. W.
and Kayo, Soeo. 14, 520Hosoya, Beigo; Stafanopoulo, G. J. Jones, Ossmano 148.
and Kiyata. So 27.
* -62-
J;, soe Lane, C, P- KY.,rnleirL. M., ee Bellinger, H.3 4s 32, 4414•
tordan E, 0 a and Lack, G. M. Kotylareoska. Eo No, see27. 35. Minervin, I. S. M. 25, 31o
Judec A., Girard, P, , and Carrat P. Krampert, F. L, 3.35, 40o Kreamer, T. ADO see Voivod, Y. P.
100 19.
ugsr. A, seeo:Kadavy. Joan L, ; and Deck, G. Me Gxiliaumie, Maylise. 34-
15, 48. Weinberg, No. 43.[&~ll, P. J., see Reames, H. R. Kudo, Tueo0 24.
42. lurotchk2n. B. Is ; andKagan, B. L.; and Matyaqh, M. L.Z mel~yanchik, X. G. 15, 4s.
35, 40. Xuahnir, 3. D.; Brien, T. M.; anM.llsOt----n.us Bo 3° PaikinaD S. S. 49.
Xalmanson, G. Yý; and [uwashina, Yoshio. seeBronfenbrenner, J. 35,, o.0 Hoboya, Seigo. 14.
Zaimbacho Z. R. 550; and Ounderuon. X. 1. 55-
[aravanov, A. G,, see Perlshteyn,A. 3. 4, 25, 45. Immanna, Carl. 9, 27, 35, ýL-
Katz, F. M., see Burov, A. 1. see:146. 53. oer, I J. 33.
Kayo Sooli see Hosoya, Seigo. Lowenthal, J. P. 9. 36.14. Putnam, Jr. W. 36.
Kayukova, N. I., and Kromer, T. A. William" 0. B. 21.15. 27. - and Doak, Beatrice V. 9, go
Kegele, Gerson. 35. - Zklund, I. V. and- N roy. 0.40s see Abrams, A. 26. "-o 35-
lTper, G. 7,, see ]dmndos, C. W. ; and Glassman, L. N. 27.31, 44.° -; and Lewis, Charles. 15.
Keleher, M. F., see Thomas, C. G. and Lowenthal, J. P, P, 35.5, 6. a,.,, tis e groux, R. 24, 55.
Kelmer, R. A. 9, 48o Lane, C. I.; and Jones-Dovies, !. N.Kendall, A. I.; DW' A. : and 3o 15, 148.
Walker, A..V. 15. Lang, o. V. 20.Kendall. David. 45- ; and. Dan, S. J. 20.xepple. J. 20, 24. 7Nar 3 J. L., gsee Oen, Cera 3.Kerr, D. Z., see Dolman, C. 3. 36.
3, 7, 13, 46, 47- Larson, V. P., see Bollie, 0. J.King, H., see Mckson. 3. C. 20. 3D.Kisnina, I 9go 4o. larergneo V.; and Abel, 3. 9.11itcat, C. d. W. 3- Lagroux, R.; and J*auso, 0.[nayui, Oeorges, see W111ams, 0. B. 9, 35p 41o
21. ; Jdriio, C.; and ZeT&U tI, J. .Knirsch, Z. 3- -Ti.Koleunikova, M. K., see -, iamoco C.; and Segond, Lo
Velikanov, I. M. 43, 45. -24, 35°;Dorofeeva, A. A.; and ; and Levaditi, J. C.
-lmikhina, T. I. 3, 45o "214, 35- 36C 45 55.
Kolle•, V.; and Hetuch H11. Levaditi, J. C.; and1. 3, 9, 15. 2•4 35 148. "-eramsc, C. 24.
=fIus Big" Mo .. two • 44:....o.a **I qad hitoJo 6. 51. 9L "O.rsko, Ae v s" 24,1a. 1 *. N uAMW J6 lo, z .b
3,.)S•. ,...so.•., •• •.. ,. •
7,W.We S..s .- .
U, -.0 • 6 0G . .Loyaditi,•..0o, see lsgr.m, 3tao . beh. us..9
Zem•o •- , o, IL.Le. J'. .. ad PdapM e. .. L., 2R. 6 m, L o,.249g Aallu 3.1 4440P.o I. 2
l sa 0o o itor111, I., •,.S - 31si. s, IOOL.. ,e Jt•, •. 16-, 0. see tteimO i.
2o .
odsJ 4mse Aa. P Ia* Ln. 4I. V,NL lo.06. L 61. *A 15. &Z. ge.
Zd•-Jmw,. J6m R. s L A6 $W. •.L6. AI j. &4. 'O6600
io oh.I 0. and G•aIla,~ Joo'• odz 3 N•t'a.Lo ~.P 3. *6
upeaP. s•i 0.s V. Na. L L. A •Ith . f.3
* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S gogD.~ une,~Lope v 2n., 2: 5tm-tu 1.1adeswel. . s g
saumthl J. P0 4L0 £3mnsna k.d~i -9,aer r~l 35, XsTN, 16. I.; .ss andL
;aie ene and OsaaaO l, 9 3. Jan$1.
9 e, Ia. I. Naeeio, see Syl•e .3. -. 4L
69nsingeV 31. sad ... a&de L. 1 2
Lope Gomm ,ht, 15. alolmen , 0rgr. see22Lowen thal, J.3. 0. see Zoahin, Cabrt, Stadler. Paurl.. 13, 26.
935. M@bWrg 8 .1. 13.d8eelua .Xandroy 0.w a O., wl. 9enna 36~. 410. .3.~
473 . Gedoits, oh 0. see, 51ea.
MolgmiaMessing T. I5 aoo n dot P. 10,,16 1%28 ~,2.Maokn~i G. . ~0, ~. Smeyrg .F Ifsa t V. 28.
Ko loroho, D. G., see 41. hll t.A aest3. 12.; and ToaeIRah. 9.15 -ahso , 0e.h 1* 22.
39K±LDfl ... J~andvw Berths J. 7I. 13 1
bso ., I .g sad e"lw. ;. a * 2. S-11@hS , IF. 1.. me iWi,.s'. T.:I and Omeo saeitoL 6 a32
Ise, A. A.4, sose l , 0.'soe .o A.
31 ,c , 0. ILI and Islam, 0. L eowiMn1.d A. U.1 sd4- As 4. -u, m-a. -, b
litZard, J, . Redatk4Zo",VotjSl•erviat Lr.•o .and i.at.
I sadbiMorove ,Z.N 100,36,•'MAeII sO. A. I l~kor,, 2. T. L.I
&Ad Xoeracor, D. Go 28. Olosby, ilas Vol., soo Taer, P. V.gta, L 49 17, 29.
s"ez Bosy Ouson L. 0.~ en1o6 V .6lorn,. 4. o Moo. A. 6 tsa A J. 20.
Noinsecot, JQ. see Obua, V.,. see Vilbur, B. 6.
xoel, T.; and Bradlyg, 0. A. 6, 55*. 1 so* Bmfenbosnner,-J. , 33.Noklaiei, ?. I aad Auabl7 N. 10. Weaeaks, 2. P., $448
ennoet. P., o" XoWIer-M-ho, P. 4. ftser"a, &L 6.NOrgunov, Z 1..I' as* NifloYviiL~ 1.1.5, Xitouezskoaga V. go 31.
10, 36. Oven, Cora R.; and Lone, a. J,.Sorae, Re. .; FPvors, J.J.; sad 36-Vil1iaas, 0. J. 52. Ozer, D. 2. 42.
Movaler-Rohn, P.; Xonneot, P.1Noinccamrt, Jo; a~nd, Yavre-Glll, Jo014.
)kdd Stuart, see Halberto Seymour. Ohsp, H. L.; and Jaqve",, J. J. 4.3 4, 39. 'Pa~o. I. A., see Lyvig Lena A.
oteask4, 8. 41 9, 45.*u-ph4, J. R., see 8tuxbo, C. R. Pkina, S. 8., see Kushnir, 3. D.
17, 21. 48.Yerse, V. A. 40 41, 145. Palliuter, 3. 7., see Rice,
Christine 3. M2.Panja, G., see Pasrioha, 0. L.
52.lash 1. V. G. I and Ibxo 3. P. 14. Pappenheimer, A. X. 36.IAý6lie, Re, see Veinbor, M. Park, S. 3., see Wallace, G. I.
1, 5. 50.NIcaloz, P. J., see Borne:, Hersann. Parry , 3. W. 52.
31, 37. Pmnricha, 0. L.; and P•ja, G.Neill., J. If.; and letming, W. Le 16e 52.Nelson, C. I. 28, 36. p•T&b1l, L. B., see Damon, S. R.
see MXiller, C. 1. 24, 31, 45. 51.vffL, Mary. 149. Peak, A. B., see Underwood, 3. Jo
; and Nasen, Zilsabeth L. 11. 56.Yovwz, J. a., see Lindsay, R. B. Paisskhis, Z. A.;4 ee Gol'dfarb,
48. D. M. 31,Oichol, G. 55.
-65-
yrlahteyn, A. 28.; and 2aynmj Marcel; and Second, L.Oaravanov, A. G, 14, 25 45, 285
Ierrye Melen, Townsend, 0. T.; Rlane.o H. B.; Kad~ull, P. J.;Andersen, A. A,,; and Berry, J.A. Housewrigt, & D.; and149. Wilson, J. B. 42.
Postal, 14, see Bernard, Re 46. beed, Go B. 0 aoes:Peterson, B• . ., see allc, 2. 0. Ralson, V. A. 27-
8• 114. 27- M .eeD 0h±Sti.= -. 1.tormson, A. 16, 45. Stevenson, J. V. 17, 29.
J-1nnniner, V. 10, 142. Red, J. X. g see Williams, 0. B.Ploning, G., see Debberstaein J. 18, 21.
6. 53. seicherte Philip, seePimani, 8" , o4, 6. Bronfenbrennero J. 7. 38.Polsom, A., see Wentoel, Lo X. 38. Rettmr, L. r., see Gillespie,
; and. Sterne, Itax. 28t- 42 . 3- V. H. 13.1S rasaker 7., see Yalk, J. 8. Rioe, Christine 3. 142.
o, 39. J Pallister, 3. 7.; Smith. L. C,;Powers, J. Jg ase Morese, IL 1. 52. -and Reed, G. B. e 42.Prescott, 8. 0,.; and Tanner, I.V. eoikhoer, Co Jo D see Tannee Fe. W.
149. 17 , 29g 50.Privoto A. . 28. 36, 242. msero VW. . 56g
-dee.- Robinson, 3. M. 16, 149. 52, 56."- roff, Do. A. 7, 26, 32, 38. o :oo
Jacquet, J. 8o4, 55. -- Kaco Jo H. 36, 41.Weinberg, M. 1, 5. Theiler, A. 25, 56.
; and Brygoo, 3e. I. 28, 36. 142. aodopuloo A. 1. 16, 37.Sand Buet, M. 49. Roessler, V. Go.; and Braver, C. R.
; and aossi, P. 16. 16.W rest, R. 3..seae Bofenknap, B. 2. Rose, i. L. 56oPtllr, .J. M 5. Roseno E.; and Gordon, No 4."ftltnam, F. V. 36. Rooenwald, A. So, see Nigg, Clara.
"Lem;•ann.o Carl; and Sharp, D. Go. 41.--=6. Rossi, aul. 56.
Pyle, N. G. ; and Brown, Re Me 55. onee Privot, A. . 16.P5; and Berujon, Jo 56.
5B8-sun, So A., aee Slutskly, I. S.
5.Qin, J. 1. 31. Rousseau and Herman• , P. 5.;uinet, L. see Joinos, B. 6, 9. Rutchkovakyg So No 49.quortrup, k. 3. 37.
s. see Coburn, D. I. 53.; and Gorham, J.R . 55.
and Holt, A.L. 56. Sackett, V. G. 49.1 and Sudheimer, R. L. 16o 56. Schantso 3. J.o see Buehler, . J.
•3033,Scheid., 0. 49.
Soheuber, J. R. 49.Rambert, P., see Bernard, H. 46. Schlesinger, M. J., see
; and Dmile-Zolag 7. 14. Bronfe.brenner, Jo 7, 22, 26,N;'na, A.; and Gilbert Dreyfus. 42. 32, 33, 38-RaVnayud, Marcel, @so Boroff, D. A. Schmid-tLange, Walter. 16.
7, 26, 32. 39.
* -66-
Sohneoder, Ho Jo! and A ick, Boy. Nzith, D, L. To, see Barm, D. A.50 10. 53O
Wohoenholu, P. 16. Smith, L, 0,, so* elce, Christine 2.see o-nnison0 Janet B. 8. 42.
"-; IstT J. R. ; and Meyer. L 7. 8mith, 0. 1., see Dlnoann, G. Go"--M0 2a8 49, 3o 7o
; and Meyer, It F. o10 16, 28. enolenso, Joseph, see Halberto---P 52. Seymour. 34., 39.
Sebzzp, G,; j U :za~, 7. 37. Suipo, P0 T.S an4d Somei, Hormann.Schotol, 7. 16, 28, 37. 28o 31, 37oSohvwarz, R., see OGra&im Rl 8. Soloviev, NO N. 10.Scott. B. To D, mee BasHllo V. V. , see Zladogoroff, S. 1,
3c 54+. O-r, Ilisaboth V. 21.Scott, F. G.; and oallett, 3. 3. see Seamer, Hermann: 3.
500 ; and Gluns, Kathryn. 28.Ioott. V. J., see Olson, A. IL 2D. " and Sommer, 4sruan. 370
; and Stewart, D. 7. 17. - o Smer, Herumann; andMiZoveo Milton; and Daoke G.o . "h6yer, K. 1. 28.
17, 50. Soxaer, Hermann. 28.Second, L., see: , soot
e6vou .IL 48. idpes P. To 28."Mynaud, M. 28. Sommer, Wilsabeth WV 28o 37.
Segal, M. So, see BtLrov, A. Ao • and Snipe, P, T. 28.4+6a53- and Sommr, Zlisabeth V. I
Se-Sond, L, see 14grouz, . ; Yealon, P. J.; and Snipe, P.T.
24., 35.-~1 37.Senmih, H.0 see Messing, V. 15, 27. Stadler, Paul+; and Molsener,Shapiro, B. M. 0- 37. Irmeard. 17, 28.Sharp, D. Go, see Putnam, F. V. 36, Stafanopoulo, G. J,, see 0Shaw, I. .,; and Simpson, Go So 56. Hosoya, Sergo, 27.Shay, D. 3. 6, 31. Starkl C. N., see Sherman, J. NoShearer, A. R., see Dolman, Co 3. 37.
7, 13, 4+6. Sheraman, J. .; andSherman, J. M., see Stark, Co No -tArk,, Paulineo 29o 370
29, 37. Stark, Pauline, sea6Sherman, J. Ma; Stark, Co N.; and Sherman, J. M. 37.
Stark, Pauline. 37- Stark, C0. U 29D 37,Sherwood, 1. P.; and Belot, Monty. StaWin, W. A, 17. 21, 29, 50-
37i , seesShevsky, R. Jo, see Dickson, 3. C. ok. G. o. 12.
23o 30. 31,, 33. Grumbma.gh, 1. 11. 34+, 39.Shier, 7. L., see Underwood, 3. J. ; and Dack. Go .L 10, Z., 25.
57. atZobinest, Go .o, see Kelnikv XI,4Shippen, L. P. 17, 28. 4+1,Shklovskaya, a. a. 5. Stask eowioz, Go 5.Simpson, G. So, fiee Shaw, IL A. Steinke, P, K. V.; and 7oster, Z. 1o
56. 29 50oSlocum, G. Go: Velch, I.; and Sterneo, Max, sees
Hunter, A. C. 50- Mason, Jo IL 24, 4+1Slutsvly o, 1.o; Goveeev, N. A.; P'>lson, A. 28, 42o
and Boasin, S. A. 5o Ventsel, 29, 3A
-67-
Sterno, Max; and Mason, J. Ho Tanneor, F. V.; mad 2vanse Florence L.25, 142. 170
Stevenson, J. W., see Belson, V. A. ; amd Ogesby, hlaine W.27. =-T 29.
; Relsone V A.; and Reed, G. 3B ; and Mcrea, F. D, 21.-T7, 29. ; and Tvohey, Hff., .37-Stewart, D. P., see Scott, V. J, 17- T-ielze P.; Heoto X.; andStewart, Sarah 3. 10. PJdrklund, So 18.Steyn, H. P., see Mason, J, H. Ta.rr, . L. A. 18.
11o55. Taylor, V. 1. 18, 29, 50.Stokiner, N. I.; amd. Templeton, W. L. 5o
Ackerman, Helen. 290 Theller, A.; and Robinson, A. N,Straka. A, -. ; mad James, L. N 5D. 25o 56.Stra.sUburger, H. 50- Thom, Charlese see imonston, Rth B,
1 see Hottcho, go 0, 24o 35, 40 147oITdesa. G. V., see Hall, 1. 0. 54. Thomas. C. G.; bsleher, X. 7.;, and
Strla•k., 1. .; and James, Lo H. 17. MoxeeD A. P. 5v 6.Stramo A. 52. Thompson, L. end Tanner, F. V,Stryker, V. A.; and;& aota, Martha. 290 50.
25o 37- ThoZ~ , Frank se ra!=i, Robovo.Styles, 0. W., see Johnson, D. 3. 3 9
147. Thran9, H4. 5.Stumbo, 0. 1L; Narphy, J. R.; and ThurAelo R., see Alajouanin, To
C¢ohoeno J. 17c 21. 2, 30.SudAlmira 2. Lo see Tobo., Ruth, see oClung, L. So.
qnortrup, 3. R. 16, 5. 9. 15-9uoya• a, H. 21o Tordo , Clara; and Volff, IL o. 32.
d; and Dck. Go. X 21. Torpy, C. D. 5oI&M oi, L.; and. Jrnoo L. 31. Torrance, C, 0, 25, 32.bSabe 0. As; and Goral.. H. F. 5D. Townsend, C. To 18, 37.Swanson, Homer, see Tucker, 0. B. , see Perry, Holm. 149.
50. Tic9"g0 A. L. 10.swicsrt, H. 56. Trenchi, H, asee Smyfres, D, .56.9ysak, N.; and. Xeniovitsch, L. Tucker, C. So; and. Swanson, Roper.
60 25. 50.BSyfres, B.; Trenohi, R.1, and Tannialiff, 3. A., see Grahm
Abaraoon, D. 56. Robert. 34, 39oOzyinsowski, V. To; and HRicks, R. A. Tvohey, H. 3.0 see Tanner, 7. W.
37R ,2. 37.
Tani. Shigen ^L9, 142. Underwood., A. J.; Heiyey, 3. J.;Tanner, P. W., Bee: and Peck. A. B. 56-
Jones, . T 20 and Shier, 7. L. 57.Prescott S.. . .4S7Thompson, L. 5D,
DBeaaer P. R.; and Bckher, C.J.- 2, 5D , Van der Veods, P. C0 0o. see
and.Dack, G. L. 17- Doutmn, A. Y. 2.and. Avan, IFlorence L, 17. Van Heyningen, V. 3, 29J 37.
17*9 7
-69-
Van Sohoonhoven van Beurden, A.J.RoZ.; Williams, C. J-o see Morse, R o. !
and ClarenbUtrg, A. 5D. 52.Velikanov, I. 14 5. 42. 43. Williams, 0. B. 21.
and Juliak, P. Z. 43o- and Blair,, . B. 189 a.and Kolesnikova, M. K. 43, 45- ; and Fleming. To Co 18i, 1.
vrrTrova Pallerola, J. 57 -; Lamanna, Carl; andVoivod, Yo P.; and Kroamer, T. A. -Tnayst, Georges. 21.
10, 18. , and Reed, J. M. 18, 21.TT'iame0 IL 57.
Villiard, L., see Deck. Go M. 30.Williston, Elizabeth H., see
VWagan, Jack; and Bateman, J. B. 38. Dack, G. M. 12.Vagner, X. 18. Wilson, Go So; and Miles, A. A.
-, see Dozier, Carrie C, 13, 2& 1, 10:Dozier, Carrie C.; and Wilson, Jo B.• see Reames, H. BL
-- Toyer, F. o 18. 142.Walker, A. B. 25, 57. Wolff, H. G. o see Tords, Clara. 32oWalker, A. W., see Kendall, A. I. 15. WooO.,oW. Lo.o see Dack. Go M.'dlker, 3L V. 6., see 12, 23, 26 4o4.
Mitchell, C. A. 28. Vunderlicho Ho 18.Wallace, J. Lo; and Parko . 3 5 ). Wyant, Z. N., see Dimock. W. W.Wardle, I.L, 57. 12.Wtaon, V.X. 43, 245. -ant% Z. No; and Normington, R.Weber, H. 5D 32, 243, 4+5. 18, 21.Weinberg, M.; and Goy, P. 25, 38, 43. Wylder, M. K. 51o
and Ireuger, A. 43- wynn So. So 18, 21,Nativelle,, I; and Preovot, A. 3 . see Foster, J. V. 20.
-7T . ; and Foster, J. W. 19, 21, 22a @Veile, Harry. 21. and Harrell, Ko 19,
see Bronfenbrenner, J. 44. -
oeis, J. 3., see Humter, C. A. 47.Velch, A., see Slocum, G, Go 50.Wentuel, L. Mo; and Sterne, Max. 29. Zakharin, Do I. 38A
; Sterne. Max; and Poison, A. Zatman, L. J., me Burgen, A. S. B,
-- 78 30.Werner, Mamie, see Dacio Go 1. 12. Zelevinskaya, S. A., seeVester, J. 57- Dankerovits, A. Ko 70 23, 38.weeler. . V. 290 Zhitomirskeya, V. 4.,, seeWilbr, R. Lo; and Ophuluu, Wo 6. Evzerova, 3. K. 6, 31.Wiley, Marjorie, see Davis, J, B. 2. Zlatogoroff, So Io; andVillemo, 3. 57. Soloviev, M. N. 510