adapted physical activity and exercise is medicine prof. dr. gudrun doll-tepper freie universität...
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Adapted Physical Activity and Exercise is Medicine
Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-TepperFreie Universität Berlin
International Symposium „Exercise is Medicine“
Györ, 20th May 2011
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- Persons/individuals/athletes with a disability
instead of the disabled
- Adapted Physical Activity and sport for persons
with a disability
Terminology
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Adapted Physical Activity exists in various settings:- Rehabilitation/therapy- Schools- Recreation & community (club sport, sport for all)- Elite sport (competitive, high performance)
What is Adapted Physical Activity?
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- 1952 - AAHPER defined “Adapted Physical
Education“ as a specialisation area with strong
focus on children and youth in special school
settings.
- 1970‘s - the term “Adapted Physical Activity“ was
preferred because it covered a much broader
spectrum
APA Definitions (1)
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1989 – when preparing the International Symposium on
APA, efforts were made to define APA:
Adapted Physical Activity refers to movement, physical
activity, and sport in which special emphasis is placed
on the interests and capabilities of individuals with
limited conditions.“
(Doll-Tepper, Dahms, Doll, Von Selzam, 1990)
APA Definitions (2)
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Adapted Physical Activity is crossdisciplinary theory and practice related to lifespan activity of individuals whose uniqueness of function, structure, or appearance requires expertise in(a) assessing and adapting ecosystems and(b) facilitating changes necessary for
- Equal access- Integration/inclusion- Lifespan wellness- Movement success- Empowerment/ self-actualization
Sherrill (1996)
APA Definitions (3)
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Rehabilitation/therapy
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Physical Education & School Sport
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Recreational & Sport For All
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Recreation & Community Sport
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Competitive Sport
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High Performance Sport
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APA is....
- A VERY broad area of expertise and service
- Cross-disciplinary and links with many different professions
- Is a dynamic area of study, work and research
- Not limited to specific populations
- FOR EVERYONE!
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A Look Back
Sir Ludwig Guttmann – A visionary
1960 1st Summer Games for the Paralysed
Precursor of the Paralympic Games
Introduction of physical activity of sport as part of the rehabilitation process, exercise as medicine!
1899-1980
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‚If I ever did one good thing in my medical career it was to introduce sport into the treatment and rehabilitation programme of spinal cord sufferers and other severely disabled‘
Quote from Sir Ludwig Guttmann
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- Founded in 1973 in Quebec, Canada- Developed regional organisations in:
- Africa- Asia- Europe- Middle East- North America- Oceania- South America
http://www.ifapa.biz
International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity (IFAPA)
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Québec, 1977:1st International Symposium on APA
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Berlin 1989:APA – An Interdisciplinary Approach
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- EMDAPA – since 1991
- EMMAPA – since 2005
- an Erasmus Mundus master programme
- DEUAPA – since 1997
- European University Diploma in APA
- now coordinated by Haaga Helia University of
Applied Sciences in Vierumäki (Finland)
- EUDAPA started in 2010
Education in APA – In Europe
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- More attention given to sport and physical activity of ALL ages, particularly on children and youth
- A focus on the ageing population, THENAPA Network on APA, disability and ageing (THENAPA II)
Youth & Ageing
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Obesity
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Physical Activity and Health
Agita São Paulo Agita Mundo
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IFAPA‘s Scientific Journal
http://www.humankinetics.com/APAQ/journalAbout.cfm
Important Journals
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Important Journals
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Important Journals
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Focus on differences/disabilities
TODAY
Emphasis on similarities/abilities, integrated
settings and inclusive education
In the Past
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1980 – ICIDH: International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps
2001 – ICF: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICIDH-2)
World Health Organization (WHO)
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The ICF Model of Disability
- aims to provide “an international common
language, as well as a universal conceptual
framework for disability across languages and
cultures” (Üstün et al. 2001)
- classifies disability based on the health condition of
the individual
- looks at body function and structure, activity and
participation
- makes a distinction between contextual factors like
environment and personal factors
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The ICF Model
Health Condition(disorder or
disease)
Contextual factorsa) environmental b)
personal
Body function & structure
ParticipationActivity
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- 1981 - UN International Year of Disabled People
- 1982 - World Programme of Action Concerning
Disabled People
- 1983 -1992 - UN Decade of the Disabled
- 1993 - UN Standard Rules on the Equalisation of
Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities
- 2006 - UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
United Nations and Disability
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- Remove barriers & change attitudes
- Guarantee equal rights
- Offer full access to all areas of society including sport
- Convince political leaders of the benefits of physical
activity & sport
- Legislation can strongly influence the process of
integration/inclusion!
Action steps in society in general
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- Develop training opportunities for athletes,
coaches, teachers, administrators, officials and
referees
- Intensify cooperation between disciplines in
practice, research and teaching
- Improve networking opportunities on international,
regional and local levels
- Expand research base of APA
- Develop closer links with sport, education, health
and recreation providers
Current & future challenges in APA (i)
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- Be part of APA and help contribute to its professional
development!
- Practise inclusive sport as much as possible
- Improve participation in the practical fields
(therapy/rehabilitation, education, health, recreation
and sport)
- Share examples of good practice!
Current & future challenges in APA (ii)
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Linking Networks
Similarities between networks of „APA“ and „Exercise is
Medicine“ exist, both with regard to
- treatment and
- prevention
Explore how these networks could be connected in order to
bring even more benefits to all people, including those with a
disability!
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For further information
Please contact
Gudrun Doll-Tepper
Freie Universität Berlin
phone +49-30-838 531 83