adapting diet to genetic profil
TRANSCRIPT
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO GENETIC
PROFIL
MariMariee Vr Vrâânceanunceanu
Nutritionist, Biologist, Ketogenic Diet & Nutrigenetics Specialist
ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Precison medicine
Genomics and our health:
what does the future hold?
ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
What is Nutrigenetics?
Nutrigenomics studies how individual differences in genes influence the body's response to diet and nutrition. With modern genomic data, severe gene mutations with less severe effects are being explored to determine whether dietary practices can be more closely personalized to individual genetic profiles.
ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFILNutrigenetics: the science of the effect of genetic variation on dietary response Nutrigenomics: the science of the effect of nutrients and bioactive components on gene expression Aim is to obtain a better understanding of nutrient/gene interactions depending on the genotype Ultimate goal is to develop personalized nutrition strategies for optimal health and disease
The Human Genome Project(HGP)
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was one of the great feats of exploration in history - an inward voyage of discovery rather than an outward exploration of the planet or the cosmos; an international research effort to sequence and map all of the genes - together known as the genome - of members of our species, Homo sapiens. Completed in April 2003, the HGP gave us the ability, for the first time, to read nature's complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Let food be thy medicine and medicine Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.be thy food.
HippocrateHippocrate
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
When people say things like “Heart disease runs in my family” and “My parents had cancer, so I’m afraid I will, too,” it confirms our suspicions that DNA is destiny.The truth, however, is that it doesn’t have to be: The DNA we inherited from our parents does not necessarily determine our fate. In fact, we can modify the behavior of our DNA and genes in striking ways.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Adapting diet to Adapting diet to genetic profil?genetic profil?
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Milk and Lactose Milk and Lactose intolerance intolerance
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
LCT gene SNP
SNPs have been associated with lactase expressionC−13910 (C at position -13910 upstream of the gene LCT) and G−22018 (G at position -22018) are related to lactase nonpersistence While T−13910 and A−22018 are related to lactase persistence
Lactose Intolerance – 4 kindsLactose Intolerance – 4 kinds
Primary lactase deficiency, Secondary lactase deficiency Developmental lactase deficiency Congenital lactase deficiency
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
LCT
CCCTTT
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Genetics of alcohol metabolismAlcohol metabolism occurs mainly via hepatic
oxidation and is governed by the catalytic properties of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes,
alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2).
Genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2 ,
and ethnic differences in the prevalence of these polymorphisms, result in increased variation in
alcohol metabolism among individuals.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Genetics of alcohol metabolismPolymorphisms in ADH1B result in variants that code
for isozymes that tend to show a faster rate of alcohol metabolism, ALDH2*2 polymorphism results in
a “deficient” form of ALDH2 that causes an accumulation of acetaldehyde and its associated
physiological effects. ADH and ALDH polymorphisms are also associated
with a protective effect on the development of alcoholism.
The allele frequencies of ADH1B*2 , ADH1B*3 , and ALDH2*2 are significantly lower in individuals
diagnosed with alcohol dependence compared to controls.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Genetics of alcohol metabolism
Further evaluation of the factors, both genetic and environmental, regulating the rates of
alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, will help improve our understanding of the metabolic basis and consequences of alcohol’s effects,
including the risk and consequences of alcohol-related organ damage, developmental problems,
as well as alcohol dependence.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
The efficiency of our saliva
AMY1 provides the information for the body to make amylase in saliva, which is used to
process carbohydrates. People with more of this enzyme seem to
gain more nutrition from bread and vegetables — so much so that those in the
top 10 per cent for the number of AMY1 "copy number variations" are eight times more likely to be obese than those in the
bottom.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
The efficiency of our saliva
"People with extra copies of this amylase gene are able more efficiently to digest carbohydrates and starch," said Professor Spector. “ By a small
percentage difference, over time they put on more calories than those who have less copies —
even if given the same food.”
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Testul GenoMav full nutrition
Obesity Stress oxidative Detoxification Inflammation Metabolism of vitamins, salt, lipids, caffeineBone health
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
«NUTRIGENETIC TESTING »
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL.
BMI - easy to understand graphic and
suggestions….
«NUTRIGENETIC TESTING »
In Europe, this genetic variation determines the persistence of lactase which enables digest lactose in all stages of life.
LCT gene Lactose is digested by the
enzyme lactase. In many regions of the
world its presence decreases significantly with age, so digesting
lactose becomes difficult. Polymorphism C / C
means that the person does not possess genetic
variant that allows durability lactase
therefore will have insufficient capacity to
digest lactose.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Diet prescription Refined carbohydrate diet = reduction and glycemic load (GL) <80 g /
day.
PPARG gene and ACE genePPARG gene encoding is a transcription factor that influences the glucose levels and insulin levels. Due to the presence or absence of polymorphism allele Pro12 Ala influence gene expression, and therefore, the amount of protein produced. It was shown that heterozygous individuals for alleles Ala have beneficial effects on blood glucose levels and insulin. In the case of a genotype Pro homozygous alleles for genotype I / I ACE gene it is recommended reducing consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugars, eating foods with low GI (whole grains), with the glycemic load not to exceed 80 grams per day .
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
BMI - easy to understand grafic and
suggestions….
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
APOC3 gene and gene LPL
Recent studies have shown an interaction between these two genes and nutrition. Apolipoprotein C3 is a very low density lipoprotein a (VLDL) and consists mainly of triglycerides. It inhibits lipoprotein lipase APOC3 (LPL) and slows catabolism of triglycerides. Genotype G / G APOC3 is associated with elevated levels of TG. The resulting LPL gene (CC) contributes to changing the lipid profile and is associated with low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol and high levels of triglycerides.
Diet prescription = reducing dietary saturated fat below 16 grams per day, eliminating trans fats, substituting them with a greater amount of olive oil
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
CYP1A2 * 1F gene = 5 CYP1A2 is the gene
coding for the cytochrome P450
enzyme involved in phase I (activation) the elimination of toxins - such as
carcinogens of meat and smoke - and
caffeine metabolism . The genotype of the
homozygous alleles A (AA) coding for the
enzyme activity rapidly and therefore would be activated
quickly prepared meat potentially toxic
substances at high temperatures.
Diet perscription = drastic reduction in the consumption of grilled meats and smoked maximum once a week. As for caffeine, this form of the enzyme metabolizes well.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
GSTM1 Gene GSTM1 is the gene
coding for the enzyme glutathione S-
transferase family of detoxifying isozymes ,
which catalyze the conjugation different toxic molecules with
glutathione in order to make them less reactive and easily removed from
the body. GSTM1 gene
polymorphism type insertion / deletion, I / D, causes loss of enzymatic
functionality. Diet prescription =
Increased consumption of cruciferous diet
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
SOD2 gene SOD2 is the gene coding for the enzyme manganese superoxide
dismutase MnSOD. Located in the mitochondrial matrix , and is the
first line of defense of cells against free radicals (ROS).
MnSOD catalyzes dismutases of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby
removing free radicals from source. Free radicals, although evolutionary
were appointed to assist in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis
are toxic molecules able to induce oxidative damage to biological
macromolecules indiscriminately, and are primarily responsible for
certain pathological conditions and aging. The genetic test
demonstrated heterozygosity for this enzyme.
Profile C / T is associated with an intermediate enzyme activity.
Diet prescription = increase daily intake of folic acid and vitamins B6
and B12.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
gene IL6 and TNF gene IL6 and genaTNF are gene, coding for pro-
inflammatory cytokines homonyms and are
involved in the regulation of immune response.
Polymorphisms present in these genes, IL-6-
174G / C and TNF-308G / A, affect the amount of cytokines produced. Polymorphism in the gene IL-6, GC, is the substitution of a G
(guanine) and C (cytosine), lead to a
tendency of the increase in the synthesis of the cytokines same name ,
guanine, cytosine Diet perscription =
increasing the amount of omega 3
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
MTHFR gene MTHRF is the gene
coding for the enzyme that is involved in the
metabolism and use of folic acid and vitamins B6 and
B12. This enzyme plays
a central role in DNA synthesis and
methylation. The genotype of 677C / T codes for
an for less efficient enzyme associated
wit h increased plasma levels of homocysteine.
Diet prescription = increase daily
intake of folic acid and vitamins B6 and
B12.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
VDR gene VDR gene is coding
for the vitamin D receptor which
affects the production of
various proteins, some of which are involved in the use
of calcium. The genotype
heterozygous for the allele C (CT), has been shown to influence the absorption of
calcium and the bone structure.
Diet prescription= increasing amounts
of vitamin D and calcium.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ACE geneACE gene, which is coding for the homonymous enzyme ACE
that plays a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis.
Gene polymorphism is present in type insertion / deletion (allelesI-insertion-deletion
allele D) and which affects the enzymatic activity. Recent studies have
highlighted the link between genotype I / I, I / D and
sensitivity to salt. Test further showed that
genotype I / I are predisposed to hypertension when salt
intake is excessive. It is recommended to not
consume more than 5.5 grams of salt per day, which
corresponds to 2.2 grams of Na, the molecule responsible
for the taste of salt, and salt’s effects on blood pressure.
Diet prescription = reducing salt intake.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ADH1C gene Achohol dehydrogenase 1C
metabolizes to form acetaldehyde, the toxic
compound responsible for the negative effects of excessive
consumption. In turn, acetaldehyde is
metabolized by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase in non-
toxic compounds. The gene variant tested
produce changes in amino acid sequence which modifies
enzyme efficiency. For example, in the case of the
homozygous genotype A / A alleles Ile (Ile-Ile), which his
characterized by the presence of isoleucine in a specific position
of the sequence amino acid, enzyme catalytic efficiency is elevated metabolizing alcohol
more quickly than Val genotype. Diet prescription = reduce the
amount of alcohol.
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
Personalized RDATrue Nutritional
Prescription
Carb SensitivitySaturated Fat
Sensitivity Exercise Level
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL
10 REASONS WHY GENETIC TESTING IS IMPORTANT
1. Genetic testing can help determine your course of treatment
2. Genetic testing can also help determine screening measures for your family
3. Genetic testing as a part of newborn screening
4-5. Genetic testing in the prenatal period.
10 REASONS WHY GENETIC TESTING IS IMPORTANT
6. Genetic testing can qualify you for clinical trials
7. Genetic testing can qualify you for screening and prophylactic surgeries
8. Genetic testing can give you peace of mind 9. Genetic testing can help scientists create
cures and medicines 10. Genetic testing may save your life
THE CHALLENGES OF AN EXCITING INDUSTRY — PITFALLS AND SELF-
REGULATION IN CONSUMER GENETICS
The world of consumer genetics is an industry that presents daily
challenges. In giving any level of personal genetic information to the general public, there exists strict standards to which one must hold
oneself, and crucially these standards have to be self-regulated.
10 REASONS WHY GENETIC TESTING IS IMPORTANT
Rebecca Robbins at STAT put together her incredibly in-depth and commendably researched piece looking at 5 consumer genetic testing kits, pitting them against each other, with the aim of finding out if:a) there was truth in what these reports saidb) they would explain why she was good at certain sportsc) all the companies relayed the same information pertaining to the genetic markersd) the research was sound (this wasn’t explicitly stated but it became a topic of conversation once the genes underwent deeper investigation)
10 REASONS WHY GENETIC TESTING IS IMPORTANT
•Is there a proven connection between the test results and the condition which the test predicts?
•How strong is this connection: is it plausible, probable, or reliable?
•How large was the sample population on which the association was based?
•Has the evidence for this association been published in expert publications?
CHOOSING THE DNA TEST
“I have all these great genes, but they're recessive. That's the
problem here.”
Bill Watterson, The Complete Calvin and Hobbes
QuestiQuestions?ons?