adaptive parking requirements and mobility management in urban development
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Adaptive Parking Requirements and Mobility Management in Urban Development . Fredrik Johansson , WSP Pelle Envall, TUB Trafikutredningsbyrån AB Friday 9 may 2014 Session E3 ECOMM, Florence. Adaptive Parking Requirements. Adaptive Parking Requirements means that: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Adaptive Parking Requirements and Mobility Management in Urban Development
Fredrik Johansson , WSPPelle Envall, TUB Trafikutredningsbyrån AB
Friday 9 may 2014
Session E3ECOMM, Florence
Adaptive Parking Requirements
Adaptive Parking Requirements means that: • Requirements varies between different areas• Mobility services can reduce requirements• Fees cover the total costs of parking
Bild: Alma Arkitekter
Innovative Parking
1. Market potential for Adaptive Parking Requirements
2. Agreements on parking solutions
3. Preparation for a full-scale evaluation
of two demonstration
houses4. Demonstration and evaluation of cargo bikes
5. Pilot project: solutions for better street parking
Exchange for mobility services- Effects on construction of new residences
3a. Acceptance for parking solutions
3b. Using APR in the planning process
Institutional Framework
American planning philosophy
Imported to Sweden, the UK and more countries
Legal framework in Sweden
Planning praxis Reform
Parking spaces built in Stockholm between 2000-2012
Area Number of apartments
Number of parking spaces
P-spaces per apartment
Suburb 12 078 7 811 0,65
Inner city 8 462 3 895 0,46
Total 20 540 11 706 0,57
Self-financing ratio of parking in StockholmType of parking
Average price (SEK/month)
Likely cost (per month)
Self-financing ratio (%)
Low High
Above ground parking
373 700 - 53 %*
Garage 1109 1500 3000 44 -74 %**
* Including costs for construction, lighting , maintenance and snow removal as well as capital costs for land acquisition (Lunds kommun 2013, sid. 8). ** Concern construction costs excluding land acquisition costs, operation and rental costs.
Discussion of self-financing rates• Parking Requirements correspond well with older statistics on car ownership• Parking is not self-financing
- Despite ”low” parking provision per apartment - Financing deficit of 53 - 93,5 million SEK - I.e. 4500 - 8000 SEK per parking slot and year.
• Solutions exist• Using Adaptive Parking Requirements requires deeper understanding and evaluations• Adaptive Parking Requirements facilitates the construction of more apartments
Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<1000
<2000
<3000
<4000
<5000
<6000
<7000
<8000
<9000
<10000
<11000
<12000
Total
t0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Share of cars used few km per year
Inner city
Km year 2012
% o
f veh
icles
30 % <7 000 km
46 % <10 000 km
Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<100 <200 <300 <400 <500 <600 <700 <800 <900 <1000 <1100 <12000
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Nb of cars used few km year 2012
Km year 2012
Nb o
f veh
icles
25 000 veh. <7 000 km
38 000 veh.<10 000 km
Potential for car sharing in Stockholm inner city
<1000
<2000
<3000
<4000
<5000
<6000
<7000
<8000
<9000
<10000
<11000
<12000
All veh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Cars per 1000 inh. and driven km
MalmarnaVästerort
Km year 2012
Car o
wne
rshi
p pe
r 100
0 in
h.
Who own cars driven short distances?
-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Inner city - vehicles used less than 7000 km per year
Western suburb - vehicles used less than 7000 km per year
Evaluation of cargo-bikes
Evaluation of cargo-bikesResults
• 20 % of households tried the bikes• 5 % used them more than 10 times• The bikes were used more by
– Families– With a desire to live car-free– That have arranged their life to live without cars
Evaluation of cargo-bikesResults
• Introduction of the bikes is important• Important that the bikes are visible• Important to define responsibilities
Next step
• Constructing apartments with Adaptive Parking Requirements in Stockholm
• Evaluate the impact (pre and post evaluations)
Contact details
Fredrik JohanssonWSPPhone: 0046 (0) 10 722 86 30Mobile: 0046 (0)70 2837813E-mail: [email protected]
Pelle EnvallTUBMobile: 0046 (0) 70 651 01 94E-mail: [email protected]