adding ‘s’ to the singular noun.ppt

8/20/2019 Adding ‘s’ to the singular noun.ppt

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Adding Adding ‘s’‘s’ to the singular nounto the singular noun

Apples ApplesElephantsElephants

KettlesKettlesPlugsPlugsDynamosDynamos

RoofsRoofsPianosPianosdaysdays


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Adding ‘es’ to singular nouns Adding ‘es’ to singular nounsending in ‘ending in ‘ s’, ’ss’, ’x’, ’z’, ’ch’ ,’sh’s’, ’ss’, ’x’, ’z’, ’ch’ ,’sh’GasesGasesDressesDresses

oxesoxesranchesranchesushesushes

!eroes!eroes"angoes"angoestorchestorches


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#hanging the ‘y’ in singular nouns#hanging the ‘y’ in singular nounsto ‘ies’to ‘ies’

Armies Armies Aunties Aunties

errieserries#ountries#ountries$actories$actories

%n&uries%n&uriespartiesparties


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#hanging the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ in singular#hanging the ‘f’ or ‘fe’ in singularnouns to ‘'es’nouns to ‘'es’

!al'es!al'es(ea'es(ea'es

(oa'es(oa'esKni'esKni'es(i'es(i'es

)i'es)i'es


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Adding ‘s’ to singular compound Adding ‘s’ to singular compoundnounsnouns

rother*in*la+rother*in*la+Passer* yPasser* y-poonful-poonful(oo.er*on(oo.er*on$ather*in*la+$ather*in*la+"other*in*la+"other*in*la+!and*off !and*off

rother rother ss *in*la+*in*la+Passer Passer ss * y* y-poonful-poonful ss(oo.er (oo.er ss *on*on$ather $ather ss *in*la+*in*la+"other "other ss *in*laa+*in*laa+!and!and ss *off *off


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#hanging the spelling#hanging the spelling

#hild#hild$oot$oot"an"an"ouse"ouse/ooth/ooth)oman)omanGooseGooseoxox

#hildren#hildren$eet$eet"en"en"ice"ice/eeth/eeth)omen)omenGeeseGeeseoxenoxen


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-ome plural nouns ha'e the same-ome plural nouns ha'e the samespelling as the singular nounsspelling as the singular nouns

Deer Deer -almon-almonsheepsheep-+ine-+ine

utter utter -ugar -ugar

"oney"oney0il0il+ater +ater

Deer Deer -almon-almon-heep-heep-+ine-+ine

utter utter -ugar -ugar

"oney"oney0il0il+ater +ater


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-ome plural nouns are used as-ome plural nouns are used assingulars1singulars1

Athletics AthleticsGymnasticsGymnastics

"athematics"athematics2e+s2e+sPoliticsPolitics

(inguistics(inguisticsPhysicsPhysics


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/hese nouns are uncounta les1/hese nouns are uncounta les1Do not add ‘s’ to them1Do not add ‘s’ to them1

Ad'ice Ad'ice#lothing#lothingE3uipmentE3uipment$urniture$urniture%nformation%nformation

utter utter

EducationEducation-cenery-cenerymailmail


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-ome nouns are used in plural form-ome nouns are used in plural form

Dra+ersDra+ers4eans4eans

"easles"easlesRichesRiches/ongs/ongs

-cissors-cissors-horts-hortsspectaclesspectacles


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Adverbs commonly used withAdverbs commonly used withcertain verbscertain verbs

VERBSVERBSActActAnswerAnswerApologizeApologizeArgueArgueAskAskBehaveBehave

ADVERBSADVERBSQuickly, suddenlyQuickly, suddenlyCorrectly,politelyCorrectly,politelySincerely,humblySincerely,humblyFuriously,stubbornlyFuriously,stubbornlyNicely, humbly,openlyNicely, humbly,openlyBadly,disgracefully,weBadly,disgracefully,wellll


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ClapClapDecideDecideDemandDemandDriveDrive

atat!plain!plain

FightFight"ive"iveleaveleave

#oyfully,loudly,e!citedly #oyfully,loudly,e!citedlyCarefully,eventuallyCarefully,eventuallyAngrily, rudelyAngrily, rudely

Carefully,recklessly,slowlyCarefully,recklessly,slowly"reedily,hungrily,$uickly"reedily,hungrily,$uicklyBrie%y,clearly,conciselyBrie%y,clearly,conciselyBravely,furiouslyBravely,furiously"raciously,generously"raciously,generously&urriedly,$uietly,suddenl&urriedly,$uietly,suddenlyy


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'isten'isten'ook'ook(un(un(emember(emember)ing)ing)hout)hout

sleepsleep)mile)milespeakspeak

Attentively,carefullyAttentively,carefullyBlankly,$uestioninglyBlankly,$uestioningly(apidly,hurriedly,$uickly(apidly,hurriedly,$uickly

Clearly,slightlyClearly,slightly'oudly,softly,sweetly,tunefu'oudly,softly,sweetly,tunefullylly

#oyfully,loudly #oyfully,loudly)oundly,lightly)oundly,lightlyBroadly,happilyBroadly,happilyClearly,earnestly,plainlyClearly,earnestly,plainly


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*ait*ait

*ork*ork*rite*rite

+atiently,an!ious,i+atiently,an!ious,impateintly,mpateintly,hopefullyhopefully

*illingly,e ciently*illingly,e cientlyNeatly,beautifully,cNeatly,beautifully,carelesslyarelessly


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Common errorsCommon errors

+lease, pass up your book to me now-+lease, pass up your book to me now-(incorrect : Pass up means to miss(incorrect : Pass up means to miss

something)something)Never pass up a chance to improve yourNever pass up a chance to improve your

English.En glish.

+lease,+lease, hand inhand in your book to meyour book to menow-now-


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)ome words which paired with)ome words which paired withdi.erent prepositions ac$uire a di.erentdi.erent prepositions ac$uire a di.erentusageusage

Angry at (something) Angry at (something) /he teacher is angry at her laziness /he teacher is angry at her laziness

Angry with (somebody) Angry with (somebody)

&e is angry with #aafar&e is angry with #aafarOn timeOn time

/he macro teaching started on time /he macro teaching started on timeIn timeIn time*e were in time for the lunch*e were in time for the lunch


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Agree with (somebody) A gree with (somebody)0 agree with you that we should take0 agree with you that we should take

tuition-tuition- Agree to (something) A gree to (something)

0 agree to your suggestions that we need0 agree to your suggestions that we needto read a lof of booksto read a lof of books

Arrive at (small place) Arrive at (small place) /hey arrived at the village late at night /hey arrived at the village late at night Arrive in (large place) Arrive in (lar ge place)*e arrived in /okyo on the 1*e arrived in /okyo on the 1 thth --


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Stay with (somebody)Sta y with (somebody)0 stay with my brother0 stay with my brother

Stay at (a place)Sta y at (a place)0 stay at my uncle2s house0 stay at my uncle2s house

Careful with (something)Careful with (somethin g)Be careful with that e!pensive vase3Be careful with that e!pensive vase3

Careful of (somebody)Careful of (somebod y)4y father advised me to be careful of that4y father advised me to be careful of thatman-man-


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Quarrel with (somebody)Quarrel with (somebody)&e is $uarrelling with his wife&e is $uarrelling with his wife

Quarrel over (something)Quarrel over (something) /hey are $uarrelling over the property /hey are $uarrelling over the property

Responsible to (somebody)Res ponsible to (somebody)*e are responsible to the headmaster*e are responsible to the headmaster

Responsible for (something)Res ponsible for (something)

/he teacher is responsible for the /he teacher is responsible for thestudents2 safety-students2 safety-


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Accompanied by (somebody)Acc ompanied by (somebody)&e was accompanied by his mother&e was accompanied by his mother Accompanied with (something)

&er song was accompanied with a clap-&er song was accompanied with a clap-

Engaged in (doing something)En gaged in (doing something)&e is engaged in his homework&e is engaged in his homework

Engaged toEn gaged to

4y sister is engaged to a pilot-4y sister is engaged to a pilot-


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Apologize for (something done) A pologize for (something done)&e apologized for coming late-&e apologized for coming late-

Apologize to (somebody) A pologize to (somebody)Did you apologize to him5Did you apologize to him5

eal with (do!treat)eal with (do!treat)*hat is the best way of dealing with*hat is the best way of dealing with

naughty children5naughty children5

eal in (sell)eal in (sell) /hat shop deals in anti$ue- /hat shop deals in anti$ue-


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Di.erent meaning when usedDi.erent meaning when usedprepositionsprepositions

Break downBreak down 6 collapse6 collapseBreak intoBreak into 6 enter by force6 enter by forceBreak o.Break o. 6 separate, to stop6 separate, to stop

Break outBreak out 6 to appear suddenly6 to appear suddenlyBreak withBreak with 6 $uarrel with6 $uarrel withCall atCall at 6visit 7place86visit 7place8Call forCall for 6 demand6 demandCall inCall in 6 summon6 summonCall o. Call o. 6 cancel6 cancelCall onCall on 6 visit 7somebody86 visit 7somebody8


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Carry onCarry on 6 continue, manage6 continue, manageCarry outCarry out 6 perform, e!ecute 7duties86 perform, e!ecute 7duties8Carry o. Carry o. 6 remove by force6 remove by force

Carry through 6 bring safely out ofCarry through 6 bring safely out ofdi cultiesdi culties

Come aboutCome about 6 happen6 happenCome acrossCome across 6 meet by chance6 meet by chanceCome byCome by 6 obtain6 obtainCome down with 6 begin to su.er from illnessCome down with 6 begin to su.er from illnessCome outCome out 6 appear6 appearCome aroundCome around 6 798 recover 7:8 agree6 798 recover 7:8 agreeCome toCome to 6 amount6 amountCome up toCome up to 6 reach, be e$ual6 reach, be e$ualCome up withCome up with 6 produce 7idea86 produce 7idea8


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&old on&old on 6 wait a moment6 wait a moment&old up&old up 6 delay6 delay'ook after'ook after 6 take care6 take care'ook down upon 6 despise'ook down upon 6 despise

'ook up'ook up 6 search for6 search for'ook into'ook into 6 investigate6 investigate'ook up to'ook up to 6 respect6 respect

'ook to'ook to 6 rely on6 rely on


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4ake out4ake out 6 discover6 discover4ake up4ake up 6 reconcile6 reconcile4ake up for4ake up for 6 compensate6 compensate+ull down+ull down 6 demolish6 demolish+ull through+ull through 6 pass with di culty6 pass with di culty+ull together+ull together 6 co;operate6 co;operate+ut o. +ut o. 6 postpone6 postpone+ut on+ut on 6 798 wear 7:8 assume6 798 wear 7:8 assume+ut out+ut out 6 e!tinguish6 e!tinguish+ut up with+ut up with 6 tolerate6 tolerate


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(un out of (un out of 6 e!hausted,


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)tand by)tand by 6 support6 support)tand for)tand for 6 represent6 represent

)tand back)tand back 6 move back6 move back /ake after /ake after 6 resemble6 resemble /ake back /ake back 6 withdraw as an apology6 withdraw as an apology

/ake down /ake down 6 copy, write down6 copy, write down /ake o. /ake o. 6 9- remove :- go into the6 9- remove :- go into theairair

/hrow away /hrow away 6 waste6 waste /hrow up /hrow up 6 resign, vomit6 resign, vomit /hrow over /hrow over 6 abandon6 abandon


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/urn down /urn down 6 re=ect6 re=ect /urn away /urn away 6 refuse to help6 refuse to help /urn up /urn up 6 arrive, appear6 arrive, appear /urn out /urn out 6 to produce, manufacture6 to produce, manufacture /urn against /urn against 6 become hostile6 become hostile*ork out*ork out 6 calculate, solve6 calculate, solve*ork on*ork on 6 in%uence6 in%uence

*ork up*ork up 6 e!cite6 e!cite*ork upon*ork upon 6 in%uence6 in%uence


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Differences et+een #ommonDifferences et+een #ommon American 5 English +ords American 5 English +ords

AirplaneAirplaneApartmentApartmentAutomobileAutomobileBillBillBulletin boardBulletin boardCanCancandycandy

CaneCaneCheckCheckClerkClerkCookieCookie

AeroplaneAeroplaneFlatFlatCarCarNote; banknoteNote; banknoteNotice boardNotice boardTinTinsweetsweet

StickStickBill, chequeBill, chequeShop assistantShop assistantbiscuitbiscuit


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Ele atorEle atorEye!lassesEye!lasses

Fire departmentFire departmentFlatFlatFlashli!htFlashli!htFrench "riesFrench "ries

#ame#ameThrash$!arba!e canThrash$!arba!e can#as#as#enerator#eneratorFirst nameFirst name#round wire#round wireicebo%icebo%

&i"t&i"tSpectaclesSpectaclesFire bri!adeFire bri!ade'uncture'unctureTorchli!htTorchli!htChipsChips

(atch(atch)ustbin)ustbin'etrol'etrol)ynamo)ynamoChristian nameChristian nameEarth wireEarth wirere"ri!eratorre"ri!erator


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&ine up&ine up(ailman(ailman

(o ies(o ies'acka!e'acka!e'ants'ants

'arkin! lot'arkin! lot'ay station'ay station'ersonal'ersonal'otato chip'otato chip'urse'urse*ailroad*ailroadrecessrecess

+ueue up+ueue up'ostman'ostman

Cinema;"ilmsCinema;"ilms'arcel'arcelTrousersTrousersCar parkCar park'ublic telephone'ublic telephone'ri ate'ri ateCrispCrisp

andba!andba!*ailway*ailwaybreakbreak


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Steno!rapherSteno!rapherStoreStoreSubwaySubwayTa% e%emptTa% e%empttiretire

Short-hand writerShort-hand writerShopShop.nder!round.nder!roundTa%-"reeTa%-"reetyretyre

adding ‘s’ to the singular noun.ppt

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