addressing attribution advances in nuclear forensics · using natural-lead corrected values works...

Joint Research Centre (JRC)ITU - Institute for Transuranium ElementsKarlsruhe - Germany

httpitujrceceuropaeuhttpwwwjrceceuropaeu

ESARDAINMM Safeguards Workshop 2011 1

Addressing Attribution Addressing Attribution minusminusAdvances in Nuclear ForensicsAdvances in Nuclear Forensics

Klaus Luumltzenkirchen Klaus Mayer Maria Wallenius Zsolt Varga

ESARDA-INMM Workshop Aix-en-Provence 16-20 October 2011 2

Overview

bull Objectives of nuclear material analysesndash Safeguardsndash Nuclear Forensics

bull Characteristic parameters and patternsndash R amp D on elemental fingerprints

bull Case study ndash Uranium raw material of

unknown origin (Rotterdam 2003)

bull Conclusions


Objectives of Nuclear Material Analysis

Verification of declared amounts of nuclear material

Safeguards

Verification of absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities


bull aims at providing clues on the history (production process date of production place of production intended use) of nuclear material


bull provides information on nuclear material of immediate relevance to law enforcement

Nuclear Forensics


Nuclear Forensic Science - Signatures

Intr

oduc

edand wiped out

during material processing

Processes

Chemical Technical PhysicalLeaching Powder flow Neutron reactionSeparation Pelletising Radioactive decayCalcination

Source of signature

Material ProcessU deposit Accidental

PipingIntentional

Burnable poisons


Parameters ndash Patterns - Signatures

Complexity Multiple Signatures

Analytical and interpretational challengesOpportunities for signature development

Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes

Non-metallic impurities

Structure

MajorElements

Morphology


NM isotopics (particles)Completeness

Microstructure

Macroscopic appearance

Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities

( )Metallic impurities Process identification

Decay productsAge dating

Stable isotopesGeolocation

NM isotopics

NM concentrationCorrectness

Nuclear Forensics

Strengthened Sfg 540 type

Traditional Sfg153-typeParameterPurpose

Standard amp Advanced Parameters


U products

bull U ores

bull U ore concentrates (ADU AUC peroxideshellip)

bull U oxide powders

bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets

Study on 79 yellow cake samples

Aim Identify the impurities that are significant in relation to the source material (same type of material ndash different geographic origin)


httpwwwnucleonicanet

U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208

Lead isotopesDecay products of U and Th

High U content rarr high variation of isotope ratios

The isotope composition depends on the history (eg weathering) and age of ore body

Can be easily used for provenance Can be easily used for provenance assessment of the oreassessment of the ore

Lead isotopics


Lead Isotopic Composition

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208

Overlapping between mines

Relative high within-mine

variation

Applicability and limitationsLarge variation of isotope ratios between mines (radiogenic ratios amp dating)Certain ore types have low 206Pb207Pb ratios (sandstone phosphorite)Relatively high within-mine variationLess applicable for ldquopurerdquo UOCs

Pb isotopes


Date estimation of the ore on the basis of Pb-Pb method

Using natural-lead corrected valuesWorks better for more radiogenic-Pb

containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing

5-30lt 640941El Mesquite

1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake

2139 plusmn 1002140+140-150207Blind River

Literature value

Calculated deposit age

(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample

Age dating using Pb isotopes


Sr-87Sr-86 Isotope Ratio in the Investigated Uranium Ore Concentrates

06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat

io Lower within-mine variability

Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability

Precision methods like MC-ICPMS


Uranium minor isotopes

42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238

bull 234U238U ratio varies in nature due to eg the preferential leaching of 234U after α-recoil

bull ldquoHighrdquo 236U abundance most probably a cross-contamination

natural


bull 143Nd144Nd ratio varies in nature due to the 147Sm 143Nd decaybull natural variation 0510 ndash 0513bull the value depends on the age of the mineral and mineral typebull robust indicator as Nd (like other REE) follows uranium (less prone to

weathering) small within-mine variation

0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio

Neodymium isotope ratio

T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio


REE chemically similar with valence state mainly +3 REE pattern often remain unaltered during metamorphism thusproviding information on the premetamorphic history geologicalbackground and source of the rock The behavior of the valence-variable Ce (+4) and Eu (+2) is alsocharacteristic to the rock and it can be exploited to obtain information on the formation conditions

Rare earth elementsrsquo pattern

REE pattern is less prone to the process

can be used straightforwardly for the origin assessment


Rare-earth pattern of the investigated uranium ore concentrates

01

1

10

100

1000

10000

La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n

Beverley-1 (Sandstone)




Ranger (Unconformity)

Olympic Dam (Breccia)

Key Lake (Unconformity)

Stanrock (Quartz-pebble congl)

Roumlssing (Intrusive)

ESI Calgary (Phosphorite)

Sedimentary-type

Quartz-pebbleIntrusive (Euanomaly)

Middle REE enrichment (unconformity-type)

REE patterns


bull geometry rarr 5 x 5 x 5 cm

bull weight about 24 kg

bull elemental uranium produced around 1943 plusmn 2 years (Haigerloch Germany)

Questions1 What is it 2 Origin of the material 3 etc


Intended use and origin

Nuclear forensics

bull elemental composition pure U metalunconventional applicationreactor

bull isotopic composition rarr natural U rarrD2O or graphite moderated reactor

bull Age via 234U 230Th590 plusmn 20 years (in 2003)

=gt Date of production second half of 1943

Geometry points at German originbull Open literature

Haigerloch reactor 1945

664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg


ndash Where is the uranium coming from

Date of Production second half of 1943

Authentic cube

Belgian Congo or Joachimsthal (Czech Republic)

rare earth element pattern


Samples measured

ndash Haigerloch (ldquoHeisenbergrdquo) uranium cube

ndash Heidelberg (ldquoWirtzrdquo) uranium plates

ndash Yellow cake from Otto Hahnrsquos laboratory in Berlin

ndash For comparisonJoachimsthal uranium ore (bdquohistoricldquo sample)Congo uranium ore


From which mine did the uranium comeJaacutechymov Joachimsthal in the Czech Republic or Belgian Congo

measure the pattern of trace elements

Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

Ore fromJoachimstalREF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a


Inorganic FT-IR measurement of UOC samplesMeasurement in pellet form using KBrRapid identification of compound (oxide peroxide ADU AUC partially

calcined samples)Detection of certain process-related impurities (sulphate carbonate

nitrate)

Uranium composition in UOCs


Nitrate (1380 cm-1)Impurity from eluate or back extractant

Sulphate (1130 cm-1)Residual from H2SO4 eluate or back extractant


U-O vibration


Anion residuals in UOCrsquos

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9

Australia Radium Hill

Different type of uranium deposits

Different processes for U extraction

Different mineral acids are used

Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios

Phosphorite oresQuartz-pebble conglomerate and vein deposits

Nitric acid leaching rArr

Indicator of the processApatite mineral Ca5(PO4)3(FClOH)

rArr Indicator of the deposit type


Sandstone basal channel Quartz-pebble

conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale

Statistical evaluation of UOC data


U productsbull U ores

bull U ore concentrates


bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets

Next step - Vertical study

Aim Identify the impurities that are acquired from or lost in the process What is the effect on the impurities from the source material


Uranium oreconcentrates

Process stagesamples and reagents

UO3



Case study

Backgroundbull uranium raw material of unknown

originbull 2003 Rotterdam (NL)bull Brownish yellow powder ~3 kgbull Found on a shipload from Jordan

Measurements performed at ITUbull NDA analysisbull Isotope ratio measurements (U Sr

Pb)bull Infrared analysisbull Impurity analysisbull REE pattern determination


Case study

Vibrational Spectrum (Infrared Spectrometry)

bull Compound is AUC xH2Obull Sulfate impurity (from dissolution of starting material)

bullNitrate impurity (from solvent extractionpurification)

Mass Spectrometry

bull Natural uranium isotopic compositionbull Natural lead isotopic composition


Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio

Low value typical for phosphorites (eg North Africa Middle East UShellip)

070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26

87Sr86Sr Isotope RatioSr-87 Sr-86 isotope ratio


Case study

Age dating based on 234U230Th

Age dating based on 232Th228Th

Last chemical separation 1988 plusmn 5 yndash Applicable to samples with incomplete Th separationndash Complementary to 234U230Th method

Last chemical separation 1893 plusmn 17 y

ndash Measured value shows significant positive biasndash Reason incomplete separation of 230Th from the

parent 234U nuclide(ldquoclock is not set to zerordquo)

ndash Residual 230Th cannot be calculated or corrected for


Case study ndash Find-26

bull 234U abundance suggests low temperature redox deposit value agrees with data reported by IAEA for UOC from Al Qaim (Iraq)

bull Impurities high P contentsimilar metallic impurities to Iraqi phosphate deposits

bull Pb isotopes natural young deposit low U content in orebull REE pattern flat no Eu or Ce anomaly rarr previously found

in certain sandstone-type and reworked phosphorite

Data inherent to the material corroborate information from external sources

Identification of origin based onSingle sampleMultiple parameters



Comparison of relative efforts ndash yellow cake

(5)(5)SIMSU particle analysis(5)Evaluation and Report

MC-ICP-MSMC-ICP-MSICP-MSIR-Spectroscopy RamanIon ChromatographyICP-MS IDMS

Electron Microscopy EDX WDXOptical MicroscopyICP-MSTIMSTitration IDMS

Technique

1853Total

15Nd Isotopes15Sr Isotopes3Rare Earth Elemental pattern1Molecular structure

15Anionic impurities3Age dating

3Micromorphology1Visual inspection macroscopic11Impurities11Isotopic Composition11Element Assay

ForensicsSafeguardsAnalysisParameter

Note rounded figures based on a full cost evaluation figures in brackets are not included in the Total


Conclusions

Wealth of information inherent to nuclear materialDecrypting the information requires sophisticated methodology subject matter expertise and reference dataSignificant effort (resources and time) needed for comprehensive analysis and data interpretationNuclear forensics methodology may open new avenuesin different areasApplication of investigative techniques in Safeguards has to be evaluated


Overview

bull Objectives of nuclear material analysesndash Safeguardsndash Nuclear Forensics

bull Characteristic parameters and patternsndash R amp D on elemental fingerprints

bull Case study ndash Uranium raw material of

unknown origin (Rotterdam 2003)

bull Conclusions




Safeguards






Nuclear Forensics



Intr

oduc

edand wiped out


Processes


Source of signature


PipingIntentional

Burnable poisons





Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes


Structure

MajorElements

Morphology



Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Safeguards






Nuclear Forensics



Intr

oduc

edand wiped out


Processes


Source of signature


PipingIntentional

Burnable poisons





Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes


Structure

MajorElements

Morphology



Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions






Nuclear Forensics



Intr

oduc

edand wiped out


Processes


Source of signature


PipingIntentional

Burnable poisons





Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes


Structure

MajorElements

Morphology



Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




Intr

oduc

edand wiped out


Processes


Source of signature


PipingIntentional

Burnable poisons





Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes


Structure

MajorElements

Morphology



Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions






Radioisotopes

Metallic Impurities

StableIsotopes


Structure

MajorElements

Morphology



Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




Microstructure


Chem composition

Organic impurities

Anionic impurities




NM isotopics


Nuclear Forensics





U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



U products

bull U ores



bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets





U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




U-238 rarrPb-206

U-235 rarrPb-207

Th-232 rarrPb-208





Lead isotopics



0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Beverley-3 (AUS)

Beverley-4 (AUS)

Ranger (AUS)

Olympic Dam (AUS)

Key Lake (CAN)

Rabbit Lake (CAN)

Stanrock (CAN)

Roumlssing (NAM)

ESI Calgary (CAN)

Isotope Ratio

Pb-207Pb-208Pb-206Pb-208



variation


Pb isotopes




containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





containing samples

1720-18221650+130-140175Ranger

600-1200 1160+680-1010565Roumlssing


1300-13801130+210-740252Cluff Lake


Literature value


(Ma)

Natural 207Pb

content

UOC sample




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




06900695070007050710071507200725073007350740

Beverle

y-1 (A

US)Bev

erley-2

(AUS)

Beverle

y-3 (A

US)Bev

erley-4

(AUS)

Ranger

(AUS)

Olympic

Dam (A

US)Key

Lake

(CAN)

Rabbit L

ake (C

AN)Stanro

ck (C

AN)Roumlss

ing (N

AM)

ESI Calg

ary (C

AN)

Sr-8

7Sr

-86

Isot

ope

Rat


Overlap

Sr isotopes

Lower between-

mine variability




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




42E-05

47E-05

52E-05

57E-05

62E-05

67E-05

72E-05

77E-05

82E-05

87E-05

Nam

Ros

sing

Can

Blin

d R

iver

Aus

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Usa

Esi

Can

Esi

Aus

Ran

ger

Can

Eld

orad

o

Swe

Ran

stad

t

Usa

El M

esqu

ite

Aus

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

Usa

Ker

r McG

ee

Can

Sta

nroc

k

SA P

alab

ora

Bra

Nuc

lebr

as

Aus

Rum

Jun

gle

Usa

Hom

esta

ke

Can

Sta

nlei

gh

Aus

Que

ensl

and

Can

Key

Lak

e

Usa

Yan

kee

Yello

w

Can

Far

aday

Usa

Fal

ls C

ity

Can

Mad

awas

ka

Can

Clu

ff La

ke

Cze

Rep

ublic

Aus

Beve

rley

fresh

Aus

Beve

rley

old

Usa

Ana

kond

a

Aus

Rad

ium

Hill

Can

Rio

Alg

om

Can

Den

ison

Usa

Shi

rley

Basi

n

Can

El D

orad

o

Can

Ray

Roc

k

Aus

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

U-2

34U

-238

00E+00

50E-09

10E-08

15E-08

20E-08

25E-08

30E-08

U-2

36U

-238



natural




0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





0511 05112 05114 05116 05118 0512 05122 05124 05126

Beverley-1 (AUS)

Beverley-2 (AUS)

Straz (CZ)

Stanrock (CAN)

143Nd144Nd ratio


T12=1061011a

Nd-143 Nd-144 ratio








01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions









01

1

10

100

1000

10000


Cho

ndrit

e no

rmal

ized

con

cent

ratio

n











Sedimentary-type



REE patterns








Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions









Nuclear forensics







664 cubes x 24 kg = 15936 kg




Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Authentic cube




Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Samples measured








Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

REF

REF

REF

REF




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

REF

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake

REF

REF

Congo UOC

gt 70 a




Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





Nuclear forensics

Haigerloch cube0

1

10

100

1000

10000


REE

Cho

ndrit

e

Heisenberg Cube

Wirtz plate

Hahn yellow cake


Congo UOC

gt 70 a




nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





nitrate)






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions






U-O vibration



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

102

2

2 chlo

ride

02

19

4 5 6 7 nitr

ate

003

6

sulp

hate

479

129

Canada ESI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

uScm

Cond

fluor

ide

036

7

2 3

chlo

ride

55

32

5 brom

ide

-00

26

nitr

ate

012

7

sulp

hate

20

767

9





Acid remainings

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

brom

ide

nitr

ate

sulp

hate

fluor

ide

chlo

ride

nitr

ate

sulp

hate


NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



NO3SO4

0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Sout

h Al

ligat

or

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y Ka

thle

en

ESI U

SA

ESI C

anad

a

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Stan

rock

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lake

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Milli

ken

Lake

Eldo

rado

Stan

leig

h

FCl

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

Sou

th A

lliga

tor

Rad

ium

Hill

Rum

Jun

gle

Ran

ger

Que

ensl

and

Oly

mpi

c D

am

Mar

y K

athl

een

ES

I US

A

ES

I Can

ada

Ray

Roc

k

Rio

Alg

om

Dyn

o

Blin

d R

iver

Sta

nroc

k

Gun

nar

Fara

day

Rab

bit L

ake

Den

ison

Key

Lak

e

Mad

awas

ka

Mac

assa

Nor

th S

pan

Mill

iken

Lak

e

Eld

orad

o

Sta

nlei

gh

Anion ratios







conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions




conglomerate

Phosphorite

Black shale






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions






bull UF4 and UF6

bull U pellets






UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions





UO3



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Case study






Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Case study




Mass Spectrometry



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Case study

Sr Isotope Ratio


070757 plusmn 000011

070814 plusmn 000004

071092 plusmn 000006

071416 plusmn 000011

071985 plusmn 000029

072336 plusmn 000004

073434 plusmn 000012

070785 plusmn 000004

071775 plusmn 000003

067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080

Beverley

Calgary

Key Lake

Olympic Dam

Ranger

Ranstad

Stanrock

Mulberry

Fund-26



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Case study






















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions
















Technique

1853Total







Conclusions



Conclusions


addressing attribution advances in nuclear forensics · using natural-lead corrected values works...

Documents