adenineribose3 phosphate groups section 8-1 atp go to section:
TRANSCRIPT
Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
Section 8-1
ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate = ATP
Chemical compound which stores energy
Cellular Energy used to:•Break or form chemical bonds•Change the shape of proteins•Move molecules across plasma membrane (Active transport)•Move cells (flagellum)
ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
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ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
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Photosynthesis
How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan van Helmont• Thought plants grew by taking material out of soil• Planted a seedling in a pot of soil• Watered daily• After 5 years the tree gained 75 kg• Soil mass did not change• Figured out the -hydrate part of carbohydrate
How did we figure out how plants work?Joseph Priestly• Placed a glass jar over a lit candle• The flame went out• Placed a live sprig of mint under the jar• The candle burned much longer • Deduced that the plant produced a substance needed for burning (oxygen)
How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan Ingenhousz•Priestly’s experiment only worked in sunlight•Deduced that sunlight is required for oxygen to be made by plants
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2
Section 8-2
Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products
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Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
V B G YO R
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Section 8-2
Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption
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Chlorophyll• Light absorbing molecule (pigment)• Reflects green light wavelength (that’s why plants are green)• Light energy excites electrons• 2 types (a & b)• Chlorophyll a absorbs red & violet wavelengths• Chlorophyll b absorbs blue, orange, & red wavelengths
Chlorophyll
Translation? Plants under yellow & green light will carry out photosynthesis at a lower rate than the same type of plant under other colors (blue, violet, red).
Inside a Chloroplast
Chloroplast Vocabulary
Thylakoids – Photosynthetic membranesGrana – Stacks of thylakoidsStroma – Region outside of the thylakoid membranes
Light Dependent Reactions occur within the thylakoidsThe Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma
Light Dependent ReactionsThe light reactions use light & water which produce the oxygen "waste product".
Light dependent reactions = photolysis
Photolysis translates as light (photo-) splits (-lysis)
The light energy is used to split the water molecule, which produces H+ & O- ions.
Chloroplast
Light
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
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HydrogenIon Movement
Photosystem II
InnerThylakoidSpace
ThylakoidMembrane
Stroma
ATP synthase
Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation
Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
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Excited electronsElectron transport = Electrons are moved by carrier molecules
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate =(Holds 2 high energy electrons & a hydrogen ion)This changes the molecule to NADPH
NADP+
Hydrogen Ion Concentrations• Hydrogen ions are pumped (via proton pump) into the thylakoid
• Concentration of hydrogen ions fuels the production of ATP from ADP as the hydrogen ions are sent back across the thylakoid membrane through an ATP synthase
Section 8-3
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
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ADP ATP
NADP+ NADPH
Light Dependent Reactions End-Products
Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light-dependentreactions
Calvin cycle
Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from
sunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars
Section 8-3
Concept Map
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Calvin Cycle = Light Independent Reactions or Dark Reactions
• ATP & NADPH are not stable• Energy needs to be changed into a stable form for storage
ChloropIast
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon SugarProduced
Section 8-3
Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle
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RuBP
PGA
PGAL
Calvin Cycle Summary6 carbon dioxide molecules bond to six 5-carbon molecules to produce twelve 3-carbon molecules
ATP & NADPH (from light dependent reactions) are used to convert twelve 3-carbon molecules into higher energy forms
Two 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle and used by the plant to form compoundsThe remaining ten 3-carbon molecules are converted into six 5-carbon moecules which are used in the next cycle
Photosynthesis Summary
Photosynthesis Summary