adjectivesadjectives the “crayons” of the grammar world
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Adjectives
The “crayons” of the Grammar World
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The old boat sat on the purple whale.
One man fished from the boat.
That whale looks very tame.
AdjectivesAdjectives are words that describe nouns by telling what kind, how many, or which one.
______
___
____
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Adjectives answer the questions:
■ How many?■ What kind?■ Which one?
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The yellow house is for sale.
Find the noun.house
Ask the question: What kind of house?
yellow houseYellow is the adjective.
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Two dogs ran outside.
Find the noun.dogs
Ask the question: How many dogs?
two dogsTwo is the adjective.
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That cow fell down.
Find the noun.
cowAsk the question: Which cow?
That cowThat is the adjective.
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Let’s Try Some!■ The magnificent butterfly flew
under the branch.■ The butterfly with the colorful
wings rested.■ One butterfly flew quietly
beneath the tree.■ The butterfly fluttered its
delicate wings.
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ArticlesDemonstrative AdjectivesComparative AdjectivesSuperlative Adjectives
There are special types of adjectives:
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Articles
■A■An■The
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A■ Use before words
beginning with a consonant sound.
■ Use with singular nouns.
a cat
a key
a book
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An■ Use before words beginning
with a vowel sound and the silent h.
■ Use with singular nouns.
an island
an onion
an honest man
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Demonstrative AdjectivesThese adjectives point out specific things.
■this■that■these■those
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This, that
This boy is my friend.I want this boy on my team.That soccer ball belongs to me.I bought that ball yesterday.
■use with singular nouns■answers the question which one?
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These, those■ use with plural nouns■ answers the question which ones?
These people are working.They are working on these problems.Those books are on the table.The boys used those books to help them.
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Comparative Adjectives■ used to compare two nouns or
pronouns.■ Add –er to the end of one syllable
words.■ Add more to the beginning of
multi-syllable words.■ NEVER use –er and more together.
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Let’s try some!■ Joe is ______ than Bill.■ Bill works _______ than Joe.■ This car is ___________to drive than
that one.
(tall)
(hard)
(difficult)
taller
harder
more difficult
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Superlative Adjectives■ Used to compare three or more
nouns or pronouns■ Add –est to the end of one syllable
words.■ Add most to the beginning of
multisyllable words.■ NEVER use -est and most
together.
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Let’s try some!■ Mary has the ______ shirt.■ Mark is the _____ boy.
■ They are the ________ children.■ Chrissy is the ________ girl I know.
(bright)
(tall)
(honest)
(helpful)
brightest
tallest
most honest
most helpful
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ADVERBS
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ADVERBS ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:⦿How?⦿When?⦿Where?⦿To what extent?⦿Why?
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ADVERBS⦿Adverbs describe and modify or change
other words, just as adjectives do.⦿HOWEVER, instead of describing things,
they describe actions & qualities.⦿For example:
◼How did the runner run?◼How deep was the snow?◼How well did the singer sing?
⦿Adverbs have the answers to all these questions!
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EXAMPLE⦿He played
guitar skillfully.
⦿He played guitar dreadfully.
⦿He played guitar passionately.
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FEATURES OF ADVERBS1. Many adverbs end in –ly2. Adverbs modify
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BEWARE!⦿ Rules about adverbs:
1. Use adverbs sparingly because they cause wordiness and awkwardness
2. Beware of words ending in –ly that are not adverbs
● Examples: lovely, lonely, ghastly, and worldly
● These examples do not answer the question HOW?
● These examples are really adjectives!
3. Always go back to the HOW? Rule
HOW?
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(3) PLACEMENT OF ADVERBS⦿ Adverbs modifying verbs can usually be moved
around in a sentence w/out changing the meaning.
⦿ Before verb◼Ex: The car immediately stopped.
⦿ After verb◼Ex: The car stopped immediately.
⦿ Adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs belong right in the front of the words they modify.
⦿ Before adjective◼Ex: That’s an extremely dangerous corner for
bicycle riders.⦿ Before adverb
◼Ex: The car turned the corner really quickly.