adjoint sector of mqm at finite n
DESCRIPTION
Tamkang University 2005/10/28. Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N. I. Kostov (Saclay) + Y. Matsuo (U. Tokyo). Introduction. c=1 Quantum Gravity. Liouville Theory. Matrix Quantum Mechanics. μ: Cosmological const. up-side down potential. singlet sector = free fermion. short string. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N
I. Kostov (Saclay) + Y. Matsuo (U. Tokyo)
Tamkang University2005/10/28
![Page 2: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
c=1 Quantum Gravity
Liouville Theory Matrix Quantum Mechanics
μ: Cosmological const.up-side down potential
short string singlet sector = free fermion
![Page 3: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Representation of wave function in MQM
Action is invariant under
Conserved charge :
Wave function transforms as
Usually we consider only singlet sector:in this case the dynamics reduces to free fermion
which corresponds to short string of Liouville theory
![Page 4: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Possible representations
Constraint: #Box=#Anti-box
Since we have to construct states from M (adjoint), the representation that wave function can take is limited.
![Page 5: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Role of non-singlet sector
Vortex configuration (KT phase transition)
insertion of
2D Black hole (cf. Kazakov, Kostov, Kutasov)
Long string with tips (Maldacena)
![Page 6: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Maldacena’s long stringhep-th/0503112
Motion of “tip”
= massive particle motion with constant force from string tension
What is the corresponding object in matrix model ?
non-singlet sector in MQM?
Virasoro constraint
![Page 7: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Correspondence with LiouvilleCorrespondence between tip of long string and adjoint sector of MQM is established by Maldacena (0503112) and Fidkowski (0506132) by comparing its scattering phase
With some simplifying assumption on large N limit of Calogero equation and with fixed background fermion
: distribution of singlet sector
Similar to quenched approximation in lattice QCD
![Page 8: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Link with finite N is missing
I. For singlet sector, finite N theory is completely known as well as large N limit
II. 1/N correction has physical significance such as stringy higher loop correction
III. Study of finite N case is also essential to understand the back reaction in the presence of vortex
IV. The quantities which we studied
I. exact eigenfunction of Hamiltonian
II. scattering phase
![Page 9: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
§2 Exact solutions of adjoint sectorWe start from one body problem
(QM with upside down potential)
Canonical quantization Chiral (lightcone) quantization
![Page 10: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Relation between two basis
Integral transformation
(analog of generating functional of Hermite polynomial)
Generalization to MQM is much easier in chiral basis.Expression for canonical basis is obtained by analog of integral transformation
![Page 11: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Generalization to MQM
Canonical Chiral
Transformation between two basis
![Page 12: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reduction to eigenvalue dynamics
In canonical basis, the dynamics of eigenvalue is Calogero system
However, the dynamics for chiral basis remains the same !
Origin of the simplicity in the chiral basis is that differentiation w.r.t. matrix is first order and does not contain any nontrivial off-diagonal component
![Page 13: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Partition function for upside-up case
We use the partition function (Boulatov-Kazakov) to guess the eigenfunctions in the chiral basis
![Page 14: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Wave function in chiral basis
Counting of the states is consistent with the basis of solutions
For adjoint, we need to subtract the trace part For A_2,B_2,C_2, we need to take appropriate (anti-) symmetrization of indices The wave function for upside-down case is obtained by replacing n by (ie-1/2)
Correction
![Page 15: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Transformation to canonical basis
The matrix integration in the integral transformation from chiral to canonical basis become nontrivial due to the integration over angular variable
where (with appropriate symmetry factor again)
![Page 16: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Unitary matrix integration
singlet:
adjoint:
2n point function <UUUUUUUU>closed form has not been obtained yetformal expression is given as gaussian integration over
triangular matrices
These correlation functions plays the role of transformation kernel from chiral basis to canonical basis and essentially solves the dynamics of Calogero system
Itzykson-Zuber formula
(Morozov, Bertola-Eynard)
(Eynard 0502041)
![Page 17: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Use of generating functional
Does two point function really generate solutions of adjoint Calogero? To check it, it is more convenient to recombine the wave function
It is equivalent to recombining the kernel:
![Page 18: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Derivation of adjoint Calogero
We rewrite adjoint Calogero eq in terms of
This computation is doable and having been checked
It gives all the exact energy eigenfunctions for adjoint sector.
![Page 19: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Scattering amplitude
Previous computation does not solve the problem completely.Inner product between incoming & outgoing wave
= scattering phaseFor general representation, it is written as,
For singlet state, the Slater determinant state is diagonal with respect to inner product
![Page 20: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fermionic representation
In order to give a compact notation for the inner product, it is useful to introduce the fermion representation.
It describes the singlet part of the wave function compactly and adjoint part is given as “operator” acting on it
![Page 21: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Inner product formula for adjoint
The following choice of the wave function simplifies the formula
Inner product for the adjoint wave function becomes,
![Page 22: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mixing in adjoint sector
implies that there is mixing between
To obtain scattering phase of solitons, it is not sufficient to obtain eigenfunction of Hamiltonian.Inner product is off-diagonal because of the degeneration of energy level.It implies nontrivial interaction between tip and background fermion
![Page 23: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Higher conserved charges?
Unfortunately this problem has not been solved.
Usually, however, there is an infinite number of conserved charges in the solvable system. Calogero system is certainly of that type. Such higher charges may be written as higher order differential equations of the adjoint kernel.
It may be better to come back to the angular integration.
![Page 24: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
§3 Large N limitMaldacena’s reduced equation
Dropping the kinetic term
Large N variable
e.o.m reduces to
v(m) : potential energy K[h] : Kinetic energy
![Page 25: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Computation with fixed background
If we use the density function of free fermion,
Linear potential : constant force by string tension
![Page 26: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fidkowski’s exact solution
After Fourier transformation,
Fidkowski solved this equation exactly and reproduced the scattering phase from Liouville theory exactly
Maldacena
![Page 27: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Some features of large N sol.
Structure similar to Toda lattice equation
![Page 28: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Relation with finite N wave ft.
We may obtain Maldacena type wave function by the factorization
Which implies the relation,
At this moment, it is hard to take large N limit on RHS.
![Page 29: Adjoint sector of MQM at finite N](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813cad550346895da6575a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
§4 Summary and discussion
At finite N, we can obtain the explicit form of the solutions of adjoint Calogero equation. It involves nontrivial integration and interaction between the singlet fermion and adjoint part can be seen. At the same time, we have met a tough problem:
diagonalization of inner product Techniques of integrable system will be useful
Higher conserved chargessolution generating technique
treatment of angular variable may be essential Taking large N limit remains a hard problem Higher representation
compact expression of 2n-point function is neededMaldacena conjectured that it corresponds to multiple tips