THE MISSION OF THE FIELD ARTILLERYThe mission of the field artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire, and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Formulate and Transmit a Call for Fire (Task 01-2660.00-2003) 01-2660.00CONDITIONS: Given a tactical situation, shoot map, call for fire clipboard, binoculars, M2 compass, and OF fan STANDARDS: Determine accurate target location within 250 meters and correctly transmit a call for fire within 45 seconds of target identification IAW FM 6-30 6-

ADMINISTRATIVE DATASAFETY REQUIRMENTS: NONE RISK ASSESSMENT: LOW ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: NONE EVALUATION: All material presented will be evaluated through examinations, homework, graded shoots, and practical exercises.

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

Identify the elements of the call for fire Determine appropriate abbreviations for use during the call for fire Determine and transmit observer identification Determine and transmit warning order Determine and transmit target location Determine and transmit target description

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Determine and transmit method of engagement Determine and transmit method of fire and control Identify and receive a message to observer Determine proper shell/fuse combination for selected targets Determine lateral/vertical shift and OT factor using the Mil Relation Formula

THE CALL FOR FIRE

The Meat and Potatoes of what Observers do!!! Why do you need to know this???

Elements of the Call For FireI. Observer identification II. Warning order III. Target location IV. Description of target V. Method of engagement VI. Method of fire and control

FM 6-30 pg 4-1

Abbreviationsde = this is K = over i/e = in effect i/o = in the open i/a = in adjustment

1 = 1 round

I. Observer IdentificationFDC Callsign is S40 Observer Callsign is S30

S40 de S30

Use Phonetic Alphabet

II. Warning Ordera.

Type of Mission: (1) Adjust Fire (2) Fire For Effect (3) Suppress (4) Immediate Suppression/ Immediate SmokeFM 6-30 pg 4-1/2

Adjust Fire

S40 de S30, AF, K

Fire for Effect

S40 de S30, FFE, K

Suppress

S40 de S30, suppress, AD1011, K

Immediate Suppression / Smoke

S40 de S30, IS, grid 123456, K

II. Warning Order(Continued)

b. Size of the Element to Fire:

[1] Battery (callsign S40) (2) Battalion (callsign T38)

S40 de S30, FFE ,T, KNote: [ ] is standard

FM 6-30 p. 4-2

II. Warning Order (Continued)c. Method of Target Location:[1] Grid (2) Polar (3) Shift KN PT/ TGT (4) Laser PolarFM 6-30 pg 4-2

II. Warning Order (Continued) Example Transmissions:

(1) S40 de S30, AF, K (2) S40 de S30, AF, Polar, K (3) S40 de S30, AF, Laser Polar, K (4) S40 de S30, AF, Shift Known Point 1, K

FM 6-30 pg 4-2

III. Target LocationGrid: Grid 123456, K Polar: Dir 3710, Dis 3200,U90, K Shift: Dir 1670, L190, +400, K Laser Polar: Dir 1899, Dis 3960, VA -7, KFM 6-30 pg 4-2

IV. Target DescriptionWord picture of the target: # of Elements Type of Element What is it doing Degree of protection Infantry Platoon, i/o, KFM 6-30 pg 4-3

IV. Target Description (Continued)Word picture of the target: # of Elements Type of Element What is it doing Degree of protection Size and Shape, If Significant LENGTH (OR RADIUS IF A CIRCLE) WIDTH ATTITUDEFM 6-30 pg 4-3

Attitude1600

0000

Measured Between 0000-3199; sent to nearest 100 mils FM 6-30 pg 4-3, 7-10

IV. Target Description (Continued)

Example Transmission:

Enemy Command Post i/o, 400 by 200, Attitude 2800, K

V. Method of Engagement

. Type of Adjustment: [1] Area Fire (2) Precision Fire: Used only withRegistration / Destruction

FM 6-30 pg 4-3

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Danger Close: Once announced in a mission, is in effect until cancelled or mission is ended.

3 BMPs i/o, Danger Close, KFM 6-30 pg 4-3

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)

Mark: Used to orient observer / personnel, identify targets for Aircraft or ground troops

4 T-72s dug in, Mark, K

FM 3-09.30 pg 6-5/FM 6-30 pg 4-4

V. Method of Engagement (Continued) Trajectory

[1] Low

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Low Angle

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)a. Trajectory [1] Low (2) High: Once announced is in effect until cancelled

T-62 behind hill, High Angle, KFM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

High Angle Fire

FM 6-30 pg 7-3 / FM 3-09.30 pg 9-8

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)e. Ammunition (1) In adjustment/In effect projectile [HE] (2) In adjustment/In effect fuze [Q] (3) Volume of fire in the FFE [1]

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

AmmunitionExample Transmissions: 2 Mi-24s fueling, WP, 3 rds i/e, K 3 BMPs i/o, WP i/a, ICM i/e, K

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel SheafSHEAF planned fires that produce a desired pattern of bursts with rounds fired by two or more weapons. FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Parallel Sheaf

Parallel Sheaf

Parallel Sheaf

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-7 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Converged Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 5-7

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Manual FDC) [a] Parallel Sheaf (b) Converged Sheaf (c) Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Open Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4, pg 5-7 fig 5-8 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

Circular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / FM 3-09.30 pg 6-6

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf Length > 250 meters and Width > 250 metersFM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

Rectangular SheafWIDTH

LENGTH & ATTITUDEFM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf Length > 250 meters < 600 metersFM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-26

Linear SheafOR TWO END POINTS

CENTER GRID ATTITUDE & LENGTH FM 6-30 pg 4-4 / Square to FM 6-20-20 pg 1-27

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(4) Distribution (Automated FDC) (d) Special [i] Circular Sheaf (ii) Rectangular Sheaf (iii) Linear Sheaf (iv) Irregular Sheaf Describe target by best means. Length, Width, and Attitude, or Multiple Grids. FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Irregular Sheaf

FM 6-30 pg 7-10

Distribution

T-72 i/o, converged sheaf, K

V. Method of Engagement (Continued)Ammunition(1) Distribution (e) Spread (i) Range (ii) Lateral

FM 6-30 pg 6-8, 6-9

VI. Method of Fire and Controla. Method of fire (IN ADJUSTMENT) [1] One Gun (2) PLT / BTRY Left /Center / Right (3) Time Interval between rounds

Inf PLT in open, VT i/e, PLT right, KFM 6-30 pg 4-4

VI. Method of Fire and Controlb. Method of Control (1) At My Command Once established it is in effect until cancelled. T-72 i/o, ICM i/e, AMC, K In this example every adjusting round will be at the observers commandFM 6-30 pg 4-5

VI. Method of Fire and Controlb. Method of Control [1] When Ready (2) At My Command (3) Cannot Observe Radar site, ICM, cannot observe, K (4) Time on target Inf Co AA i/o, ICM, TOT 0900, KFM 6-30 pg 4-5

VI. Method of Fire and Controlb. Method of ControlTypes of Method of Control normally not sent in initial CFF(4) Contin. ILLUM (6) Contin. Fire (8) Check Firing (10) Followed by (5) Coord. ILLUM (7) Cease Loading (9) Repeat (11) SplashFM 6-30 pg 4-5

Hind refueling, HE followed by WP, SPLASH, k

Sample Polar Plot Mission1st Transmission: H16 de H34, AF, polar, k 2nd Transmission: Dir 0390, Dis 3100, U40, k 3rd Transmission: Infantry sqd in the prone, ICM i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-8

Sample Grid MissionH16 de H34, AF, k Grid 634328, k POL site i/o, WP i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-7

Sample Shift Mission

H16 de H34, AF, shift KN PT 1, k DIR 3210, L 320, + 400, U 60, k 2 BMPs i/o, ICM i/e, k

FM 6-30 pg 4-5

Scrambled CFFGiven: VT i/e, AF, F23 de G46, grid 462374, troops dug-in Answer: F23 de G46 AF k Grid 462374 k Troops dug-in, VT i/e k

Scrambled CFFGiven: BMP with dismounts, FFE, ICM, DIS 4600, polar, DIR 0200, W18 de Z24 Answer: W18 de Z24, FFE polar, k Dir 0200, Dis 4600, k BMP with dismounts, ICM, k

Scrambled CFFGiven: AF, shift KN PT 3, R 400, ZSU 23-4 i/o, + 800, Dir 6330, ICM i/e, J33 de K42 Answer: J33 de K42, AF, shift KN PT 3, k Dir 6330, R 400, + 800, k ZSU 23-4 i/o, ICM i/e, k

Message to Observer (MTO)1. Unit to fire 2. Adjusting unit 3. Changes or additions to CFF 4. Number of rds in FFE 5. TGT number 1. Additional information VT i/e 3 AA7503 TOF 62 Angle T PERFM 6-30 pg 4-6

Delta Tango

Message to Observer (MTO)Example Transmission:MTO, D, T, VT i/e, 4 , TGT # AA7732, K

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARED TO LENGTH OF ADJUSTMENTMASSED HIGH SURPRISE FIRES E F F E C T LOWFM 6-30, Pg. 1-2

LENGTHY ADJUSTMENT

RDS IN ADJ

TIME

AMMO EXPENDITURES AND RELATIVE EFFECTS CA S U A L T I E S

R O U N D S

FM 6-30, Pg. 1-4

Q VT ICM SAME NUMBER OF SAME NUMBER OF CASUALTIES ACHIEVED RDS FIRED

Q

VT ICM

NUMBER OF ROUNDS REQUIRED FOR EQUAL EFFECTSTARGET EFFECTS300 250 200 150 100 50 0BDE (1)

EXPENDED

ROUNDS

TOTAL

BN (10) BTRY (43) FM 6-30, Pg. 1-3

Considerations In Choice Of Shell / Fuze Combination

Nature of target Cover available Mobility of target Is adjustment required?FM 6-30 pg 4-9

HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE)

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE)HE PRIMARY KILL MECHANISM: SECONDARY: BLAST &CONCUSSIONFRAGMENTATION

USES FOR HE: ADJUSTING FIRE ANTI-PERSONNEL UNARMORED VEHICLES LIGHT MATERIAL

FUZE QUICK

FM 6-30 pg 4 -9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE DELAY

FM 6-30 pg 4-9

FUZE TIME

20 M

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 10

FUZE VT

7M

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 10

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

HEXACHLORETHANE (HC)

WHITE PHOSPHOROUS (WP)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

WHITE PHOSPHOROUS (WP)

FM 6-30 pg 4 -11

PRIMARY USES FOR WP: MARKING SIGNALING SCREENING OBSCURATION SECONDARY USES: INCENDIARY ANTIANTI-PERSONNEL

M825 (FELT WEDGE)

FM 6-30 pg 6 -13

SMOKE AND M825ALLOWS A MANEUVER COMMANDER TO MINIMIZE HIS EXPOSURE TO THE ENEMYS OBSERVATION BY: OBSCURATION SCREENING DECEPTION

FM 6-30 pg 6 -12

SHELL ILLUMINATION

FM 6-30 pg 4 - 11

SHELL ILLUMINATION

SHELL ILLUMINATION

SHELL ILLUMINATION

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

FM 6-30 pg 6 - 1

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS DISPENSE GRENADE LIKE BOMBLETS: DP VARIANT CAN PENETRATE APPROXIMATELY 2.75 RHA USES: ANTI-PERSONNEL ANTI ANTI-MATERIAL ANTI EFFECTIVE ON MOST BATTLEFIELD TARGETS NOT UNDER COVERFM 6-30 pg 6 -1

FM 6-30 pg 6 -1

SPECIAL MUNITIONS

COPPERHEAD (CLGP) Sense And Destroy ARMor (SADARM)

FAmily of SCAtterable Mines (FASCAM)

FM 6-30 Ch 6

CALL FOR FIRE SHEETCALL FOR FIRE 1 k GRID GRID: 2 POLAR DIR: DIS: U/D: VA:+/k SHIFT DIR: L/R +/U/D 3 TGT DESC: k SH/FZ MTO_________________OUT/ BRK DIR:__________ k OT FAC_________ SHIFT FAC_____________SEQUENCE OF SUBS CORRECTIONS

a. DIS TO BURST

b. a/1000 HOB

SPOTTINGS

b. to whole number DEV

CORRECTIONS IAW SEQ OF SUB CORRECTIONS

b

RNG

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RREMS R/L SURV: +/U/D EOM EST___ CAS k

k k k k k k k k k

1. DIRECTION 2. DANGER CLOSE 3. TRAJECTORY 4. METHOD OF FIRE 5. DISTRIBUTION 6. PROJECTILE 7. FUZE 8. VOLUME 9. DEVIATION 10. RANGE 11. HOB 12. TGT DESCR 13. METHOD CTRL 14. SPLASH 15. REPEAT EXPRESS DIR = 10MIILS DIS = 100 METERS U/D = 5 METERS SMOKE L = LENGTH M= MTL DIR D I = WIND DIR R T = TIME/DURATION

FUZE TIMECORRECT HOB 20 METERS

REQ TI WHEN YOU SPLIT THE 100M BRACKET AND ADJUST THE HOB

GRAZE BURST WITHOUT PREVIOUS AIR = U40

GRAZE BURST WITH A PREVIOUS AIR = U20

NEVER FFE FROM GRAZE BURST

FFE IF CORRECTION IS 40M OR LESSSMOKE CANISTERSMINIMUM CORRECTIONS

HE BOUNCE=UP 50, FFE GRAZE= UP 100, FFE SPREAD= D 50, FFE DEV RNG 30 M 50 M

SMK

ILLUM

50 M 100 M

200 M 200 M

Call For Fire SheetCALL FOR FIRE 1de AF/FFE/IS/S(POLAR,L. POLAR,SHIFT KNPT_____) k

GRID 2

GRID: DIS: L/R U/D: +/SH/FZ VA:+/U/D k k

POLAR DIR: SHIFT DIR:

3

TGT DESC:

MTO_________________OUT/BRK DIR:__________ k

Shift Known Point 1 Call For FireH16 de H34, AF, SHIFT KNPT 1, k DIR 3210, L 320, + 400, U 60, k Inf SQD i/o, ICM i/e, k

CALL FOR FIRE SHEETCALL FOR FIRE

1

1 H16 de H34 AF/FFE/IS/S(POLAR,L. POLAR,SHIFT KNPT_____) k GRID GRID: DIS: L/R 320 U/D: +/- 400 VA:+/U/D 60k k

2

POLAR DIR: SHIFT DIR: 3210

3

TGT DESC: INF SQD i/o

SH/FZ ICM i/e

M Q i/e 2 AA 3405 MTO_________________OUT/BRK DIR:_________ k

Mil Relation FormulaDirection An azimuth is a horizontal, clockwise angle measured from a north baseline. A grid azimuth is measured from grid north. A magnetic azimuth is measured from magnetic north and a true azimuth is measured from true north. The azimuth is the most common military method to express direction. Direction can be measured in mils (preferred) or degrees.

Mil Relation FormulaDegreesDegrees: A degree is a unit of horizontal clockwise angular measurement that is equal to 1/360 of a circle. Degrees may be converted to mils by multiplying the number of degrees by approximately 17.78 (mils = number of degrees X 6400 z 360).

Mil Relation FormulaMilsMils: A mil is a unit of horizontal clockwise angular measurement that is equal to 1/6,400 of a circle. The mil is used because of its accuracy and the mil relation formula, which is based on the assumption that an angle of 1 mil will subtend an arc of 1 meter at a distance of 1,000 meters.

1m

1 Meter

2 Meters

3 Meters

1000 meters

2000 meters 3000 meters

Mil Relation FormulaCardinal Directions00 or 3600 0 o r 6 ,4 00 M IL S

3 1 5 0 o r 5 ,6 0 0 m ils NW

N NE

4 5 0 o r 8 0 0 m ils

2 7 0 0 o r 4 ,8 0 0 m ils

W

E

9 0 0 o r 1 ,6 0 0 m ils

SW 2 2 5 0 o r 4 ,0 0 0 m ils S

SE 1 3 5 0 o r 2 ,4 0 0 m ils

1 8 0 0 o r 3 ,2 0 0 m ils

Mil Relation FormulaW = R x milsThe mil relation formula (W = R X m) has several applications in observed fire procedures. It can be used to determine the width of a lateral shift (W) from a known point to a new target. The mil relation can also be used in determining deviation corrections in adjustment of fire procedures based on deviation spottings in mils and OT distance factor.

Mil Relation FormulaW = R x milsTarget W Observer- Target (OT) Line

W = R X m, where m R W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters) R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressed In thousands m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil) Observer

Mil Relation FormulaW = R x milsW = R X m, where W = Lateral shift in meters (nearest 10 meters) R = Range to target to the nearest 100 meters expressed In thousands m = angular deviation in mils (to nearest 1 mil) W Observer- Target (OT) Line

Target

m

R

Distance Dis/1000 OT Factor 2.4 2400 2 3.5 3500 4 1.6 1600 2

mils 50 50 50

Shift 100 200 100

Observer