Adolescent Births in California2000-2015

California Department of Public HealthCenter for Family HealthMaternal, Child and Adolescent Health DivisionEpidemiology, Assessment, and Program Development Branch

November 2017

Birth Rates, Females Aged 15-19: California and U.S., 2000-2015

The adolescent birth rate in California declined 62% between 2000 and 2015. Between 2014 and 2015, the rate declined 10%.

46.743.9

40.939.4 39.0 38.6

40.2 40.138.3

35.4

31.6

27.725.1

22.019.6

17.6

47.745

42.641.1 40.5 39.7

41.1 41.540.2

37.9

34.2

31.329.4

26.524.2

22.3

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Birt

h ra

te p

er 1

,000

fem

ales

age

d 15

-19

Year

U.S.

California

California data sources: Births: 2000-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2000-2009, State of California, Department of Finance, Race/Hispanics Population with Age and Gender Detail, 2000–2010. Sacramento, California, September 2012. Population: 2010-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017.Rates for 2010-2015 have been revised based on the updated populations projections to provide more accurate rates for the period. The revised rates differ and should not be compared to rates published previously, which were based on the California Department of Finance population projections as of December, 2014. U.S. data source: 2000-2015, Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, et al. Births: Final data for 2015. NVSR 66(1). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2017. Note: The California birth rates presented here differ from rates computed on the basis of other population estimates such as those published by the National Center for Health Statistics.

Number of Births and Number of FemalesAged 15-19: California, 2000-2015

While the number of California females aged 15-19 increased by 16% between 2000 and 2015, the number of births in this population decreased by 56%. 55,373

49,330 50,017 53,39347,811

38,32830,499

24,179

1,186,5451,250,583

1,296,0201,331,088 1,348,962

1,385,235 1,385,449 1,374,300

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Num

ber of females aged 15-19

Num

ber o

f birt

hs a

mon

g fe

mal

es a

ged

15-1

9

Year

Number of births

Number of females

Data sources: Births: 2000-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2000-2009, State of California, Department of Finance, Race/Hispanics Population with Age and Gender Detail, 2000–2010. Sacramento, California, September 2012. Population: 2010-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017. Population for 2010-2015 have been revised based on the updated populations projections to provide more accurate population numbers for the period. The revised population numbers differ and should not be compared to numbers published previously, which were based on the California Department of Finance population projections as of December, 2014.

Number of Births by Age Group, Females Aged 19 and Below: California, 2000, 2008, 2015

In 2015, over 6,000 children were born to California mothers aged 15 -17; an additional 220 were born to mothers under age 15.

895

18,887

36,486

624

17,008

34,696

220

6,448

17,731

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

<15 15 - 17 18-19

Num

ber o

f birt

hs a

mon

g fe

mal

es a

ged

19 a

nd b

elow

Age Group

2000 2008 2015

Data sources: 2000, 2008, and 2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics.

Birth Rates by Age Group, Females Aged 15-19: California, 2000-2015

Between 2000 and 2015, the birth rate among females aged 18-19 declined by 61%.

Females aged 15-17 experienced a larger decline in birth rates, dropping 69% during the same time period.

Data sources: Births: 2000-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2000-2009, State of California, Department of Finance, Race/Hispanics Population with Age and Gender Detail, 2000–2010. Sacramento, California, September 2012. Population: 2010-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017.Rates for 2010-2015 have been revised based on the updated populations projections to provide more accurate rates for the period. The revised rates differ and should not be compared to rates published previously, which were based on the California Department of Finance population projections as of December, 2014.

26.523.8 22.6 21.6 21.3 21.6 21.7 21.8 20.8

19.216.6

14.712.9

10.6 9.3 8.2

77.174.1

68.666.2 65.1 63.9

68.3 68.465.3

59.2

53.2

45.541.8

37.6

33.530.1

46.743.9

40.939.4 39.0 38.6

40.2 40.138.3

35.4

31.6

27.725.1

22.019.6

17.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Birt

h ra

te p

er 1

,000

fem

ales

age

d 15

-19

Year

Aged 15-17

Aged 18-19

Aged 15-19

Percentage of Repeat Births by Age Group, Females Aged 15-19: California, 2000-2015

Between 2000 and 2015, the percentage of repeat births among females aged 15-19 declined by 22%.

In 2015, nearly 1 in 6 births to females aged 18-19 were repeat births.

26.2 26.025.0

23.8 23.7 23.3 23.422.8 22.7

22.2 21.8 21.620.9 20.7

19.8 19.4

10.7 10.710.0

9.5 9.68.9 9.3 9.2

8.6 8.9 8.68.0 8.2

7.58.1

7.3

20.9 21.020.0

19.1 19.118.5 18.8

18.3 18.1 17.9 17.7 17.4 17.1 17.0 16.716.2

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Perc

enta

ge o

f rep

eat b

irth

amon

g fe

mal

es a

ged

15-1

9

Year

Aged 15-19

Aged 15-17

Aged 18-19

Data source: 2000-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. *Repeat births are calculated as the percentage of all births to mothers with one or more previous live births; excludes births where birth order is unknown or the number of previous live births is greater than 6 (less than 1% of births excluded).

Birth Rates and Number of Total Births by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity, Females Aged 15-19: California, 2015

Despite declining birth rates, ethnic and racial disparities persist in adolescent childbearing.

Hispanic females account for 75% of adolescent births and have the highest adolescent birth rate at 27.0.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

Birt

h ra

te p

er 1

,000

fem

ales

age

d 15

-19

n= Number of births among females aged 15-19

Overall Adolescent Birth Rate: 17.6

Black 19.7

n=1,628

Multi-Race 12.0

n=666

White 6.9

n=2,763

Asian 2.9

n=442

Hispanic 27.0

n=18,149

American Indian 21.1

n=118

Pacific Islander 15.8n=79

Data sources: Births: 2015 Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2015,California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017.

Black-White and Hispanic-White Birth Rate Ratios, Females Aged 15-19: California, 2000-2015

2.72.6

2.5 2.52.7 2.7

2.9 2.9 2.92.8 2.8

3.0 3.03.1

2.9 2.9

3.53.7 3.7

3.8

4.14.2 4.2 4.2

4.03.8

3.73.8 3.8

3.9 3.9 3.9

0

1

2

3

4

5

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Rat

io

Year

Black-White Ratio Hispanic-White Ratio

In 2015, Black and Hispanic females aged 15-19 were 2.9 and 3.9 times as likely, respectively, to give birth as White females of the same age.

Data sources: Births: 2000-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2000-2009, State of California, Department of Finance, Race/Hispanics Population with Age and Gender Detail, 2000–2010. Sacramento, California, September 2012. Population: 2010-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017.Rates for 2010-2015 have been revised based on the updated populations projections to provide more accurate rates for the period. The revised rates differ and should not be compared to rates published previously, which were based on the California Department of Finance population projections as of December, 2014.

Percentage of Repeat Births and Number of Repeat Births by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity, Females Aged 15-19: California, 2015

Among females aged15-19, Pacific Islander females had the highest and multi-race females had the lowest percentage of repeat births in 2015.

Racial disparities in percentages of repeat adolescent births are smaller than racial disparities in overall adolescent birth rates.

0

5

10

15

20

25

Perc

enta

ge o

f rep

eat b

irths

am

ong

fem

ales

age

d 15

-19

n=Number of repeat births among females aged 15-19

Hispanic16.8

n=3,053

American Indian15.3n=18

Pacific Islander20.3n=16

Asian16.5n=73

Black16.1

n=262

Multi-Race12.4n=82

White12.9

n=356

Overall Percentage of Repeat Births: 16.2

Data source: 2015 Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Repeat births are calculated as the percentage of all births to mothers with one or more previous live births; excludes births where birth order is unknown or the number of previous live births is greater than 6 (less than 1% of births excluded).

Substantial geographic variation exists in adolescent childbearing across California counties.

The county with the highest 3-year aggregated birth rate has a rate 6.4 timesgreater than the county with the lowest 3-year aggregated birth rate.

Birth Rate by County, Females Aged 15-19: California, Aggregated 2013-2015

Data sources: Births: 2013-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2013-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Del NorteImperial

TulareKern

MaderaSierraKingsLake

TehamaFresno

MercedColusa

MontereyInyo

YubaGlenn

MendocinoSan Bernardino

StanislausSiskiyou

LassenSan Joaquin

ShastaMono

RiversideSanta Barbara

San BenitoSutter

CaliforniaLos Angeles

TuolumneVentura

SacramentoSan DiegoMariposa

ButteAmador

SolanoHumboldt

TrinityNapa

OrangeSanta Cruz

ModocPlumas

San Luis ObispoContra Costa

Santa ClaraSonoma

AlamedaSan Mateo

NevadaYolo

CalaverasEl Dorado

PlacerSan Francisco

Marin

Birth rate per 1,000 females aged 15-19

Birth Rate1 by County, Females Aged 15-19: California, Aggregated2 2013-2015

1Birth rates are live births per 1,000 females aged 15-19. 2Three years of data (births and population counts) were combined to produce more stable birth rates. Data sources: Births: 2013-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2013-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State and County Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017. *Interpret with caution as relative standard error (RSE) ≥30; **Adolescent birth rate suppressed; Further technical details available here: Insert FAQ link

Percentage of Repeat Births1 by County, Females Aged 15-19: California, Aggregated2 2013-2015

1 Repeat births are calculated as the percentage of all births to mothers aged 15-19 with one or more previous live births; excludes births where birth order is unknown or the number of previous live births is greater than 6 (less than 1% of births excluded). 2 Three years of data were combined to produce more stable percentages of repeat births. Data source: Births: 2013-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. *Interpret with caution as relative standard error (RSE) ≥30; ** Percentage of repeat births suppressed; Further technical details available here: Insert FAQ

** Adolescent birth rate or percentage of repeat births suppressed

Birth Rate1 and Percentage of Repeat Births2 by County, Females Aged 15-19: California, Aggregated3 2013-2015

Legend*

Lower thanCalifornia

Higher thanCalifornia

▲ No statisticaldifference

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Birth Rate Percent Repeat Birth California 19.7 16.7

County Alameda 11.4 14.2Alpine ** ** Amador ▲ 17.3 11.8□ Butte 17.5 15.7Calaveras 9.8 **Colusa 30.9 14.5□ Contra Costa 12.3 13.1Del Norte 43.1 18.9El Dorado 9.2 10.3Fresno 32.6 20.4Glenn 28.9 21.5Humboldt 17.1 15.7Imperial 42.5 17.7Inyo 30.0 14.0□ Kern 39.0 18.6Kings 34.3 17.5Lake 34.0 12.2Lassen ▲ 24.2 12.3□ Los Angeles 19.3 17.3Madera 38.7 17.2Marin 6.7 14.4Mariposa ▲ 17.8 **Mendocino 27.4 13.4Merced 31.1 19.3Modoc ▲ 13.5 **Mono ▲ 21.6 **Monterey 30.7 19.7Napa 14.5 14.1Nevada 11.3 9.3□ Orange 13.8 17.5Placer 8.3 9.2Plumas ▲ 12.9 **Riverside 21.6 15.4Sacramento 18.7 16.1San Benito ▲ 20.7 13.4San Bernardino 26.6 17.2San Diego 18.0 14.5San Francisco 8.0 9.7San Joaquin 24.1 16.6San Luis Obispo 12.9 14.7San Mateo 11.4 13.4Santa Barbara 21.1 16.3Santa Clara 11.9 14.2Santa Cruz 13.7 14.0Shasta 24.0 15.0Sierra ▲ 36.9□ **Siskiyou 25.2 13.7Solano 17.3 13.1Sonoma 11.5 11.7Stanislaus 26.0 16.4Sutter ▲ 20.6 15.2Tehama 32.8 13.8Trinity ▲ 15.3 **Tulare 40.0 19.0Tuolumne ▲ 19.0 11.8□ Ventura ▲ 18.9 18.9Yolo 10.1 16.3Yuba 29.6 14.4

1Birth rates are live births per 1,000 females aged 15-19. 2Percentage of repeat births are calculated as the percentage of all births to mothers aged 15-19 with one or more previous live births; excludes births where birth order is unknown or the number of previous live births is greater than 6 (lessthan 1% of births excluded). 3 Three years of data were combined to produce more stable birth rates and percentage of repeat births. *Indicate whetherthe county estimate is statistically different from the rest of the state according to methodology outlined in: National Center for Health Statistics. Userguide to the 2010 natality public use file. Hyattsville, MD. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm. Data sources:Births: 2013-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics. Population: 2013-2015, California Department of Finance. Demographic Research Unit. 2017. State and county population projections 2010-2060 [P-3: State andCounty Projections Dataset]. Sacramento: California Department of Finance. February 2017. □ RSE ≥ 30; Further technical details available here:Insert FAQ link

Percentage of Deliveries Paid for by MediCal1 by County, Females Aged 19 and below: California, Aggregated2 2013-2015

Adolescent Mothers All MothersCalifornia 76.6 44.3

County Alameda 53.7 25.5Alpine ** ▲ 50.0□ Amador ▲ 80.4 ▲ 44.7Butte 85.2 55.5Calaveras ▲ 82.9 50.8Colusa ▲ 81.8 62.6Contra Costa 45.3 23.4Del Norte ▲ 77.1 62.0El Dorado ▲ 73.9 34.7Fresno 89.3 69.1Glenn 92.5 65.1Humboldt ▲ 75.3 50.7Imperial 70.8 56.4Inyo ▲ 76.5 52.1Kern 84.7 64.8Kings ▲ 78.5 61.0Lake 89.3 70.2Lassen 55.0 40.5Los Angeles 78.6 47.7Madera 84.5 70.9Marin ▲ 75.2 24.5Mariposa 57.1 36.1Mendocino 92.2 69.6Merced 50.5 ▲ 45.0Modoc ** ▲ 48.5Mono ** 51.0Monterey 80.6 56.8Napa ▲ 74.0 40.1Nevada ▲ 80.6 37.8Orange 70.1 34.9Placer 56.4 21.1Plumas ▲ 66.7 ▲ 44.7Riverside ▲ 76.5 49.7Sacramento ▲ 77.8 47.8San Benito ▲ 81.1 48.2San Bernardino 78.0 53.4San Diego 64.6 31.9San Francisco 66.6 23.0San Joaquin ▲ 77.0 56.9San Luis Obispo 82.5 39.9San Mateo 81.4 25.4Santa Barbara 91.9 59.5Santa Clara 73.3 26.4Santa Cruz 88.7 51.6Shasta 80.7 55.5Sierra ** ▲ 51.5Siskiyou ▲ 80.6 58.5Solano 67.5 37.6Sonoma ▲ 76.8 40.1Stanislaus 79.3 57.0Sutter ▲ 77.1 55.8Tehama 86.1 65.2Trinity ** 65.5Tulare 89.6 72.8Tuolumne ▲ 83.5 52.1Ventura 81.9 43.3Yolo ▲ 74.3 41.7Yuba ▲ 73.8 49.6

Legend*

Lower thanCalifornia

Higher thanCalifornia

▲ No statisticaldifference

1Percentage of deliveries paid for by MediCal calculated as the percentage of all births to mothers aged 19 and below and to all mothers with a MediCal paid delivery; excludes births where mother's age or source of delivery payment is unknown (0.14%). 2Three years of data were combined to produce more stable percentages. *Indicate whether the county estimate is statistically different from the rest of the state according to methodology outlined in: National Center for Health Statistics. User guide to the 2010 natality public use file. Hyattsville, MD. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm□ RSE≥ 30; Data source: Births: 2013-2015, Birth Statistical Master File, California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics andInformatics.

.** Percentage of deliveries paid for by MediCal suppressed;