advance structural modeling(advance relationship)
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Advance Structural Modeling
Advance Relationships
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Advanced relationships
• Dependency
•
Generalization• Association
• Realization
• Refinement
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Dependency
• A dependency is a using relationship, specifying that a change in thespecification of one thing may affect another thing that uses it butnot necessarily the reverse.
• Graphically, a dependency is rendered as a dashed line, directed tothe thing that is depended on.
Adding stereotypes to Dependency
•
A plain, unadorned dependency relationship can represent thebasic relationship between the classes.
• However UML defines a number of stereotypes that may be appliedto dependency relationships.
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ii)derive
• It specifies that the source may be .computed from the target.
• It is used to model the relationship between two attributes or twoassociations, one of which is concrete and the other is conceptual.
• Eg. We can show the relationship between Age and BirthDate byusing a derive dependency, showing Age derived
from BirthDate.
iii)Friend• It Specifies that the source is given special visibility into the target.
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iv)instanceof • It specifies that the source object is an instance of the target
classifier.
• Eg.
v)Instantiate
• It specifies that the source creates instances of the target
• That is car class is instantiated by the car factory class.
Car swift
Car factory Car
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vi) Powertype:-
• It specifies that the target is a powertype of the source; a
powertype is a classifier whose objects are all the children of
a given parent.
vii) Refine
• It specifies that the source is at a finer degree of abstraction
than the target.
viii) use• It specifies that the semantics of the source element depends
on the semantics of the public part of the target.
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Generalization
• A generalization is a relationship between a general thing (called
the super class or parent) and a more specific kind of that thing
(called the subclass or child).
• UML specifies only one stereotype that can be applied to
generalization.
Stereotype
Implementation
• It specifies that the child inherits the implementation of the parent
but does not make public nor support its interfaces, therebyviolating substitutability
• It is modeled as private inheritance.
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• Eg. Implementation of stack using array but stack doesn’t exhibit
behavior of an array.
constraints
There are four standard constraints that apply to generalization
relationships.
i. complete
ii. incomplete
iii. disjointiv. overlapping
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i) complete
• It specifies that all children in the generalization have beenspecified in the model and no additional children are permitted.
ii) incomplete
• It specifies that not all children in the generalization have beenspecified and additional children are permitted.
iii) disjoint
• It specifies that objects instance will belong to only one sub class orchild class.
iv) overlapping
• It specifies that objects instance may belong to more than onesubclass.
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Association
• An association is a structural relationship, specifying that objects of one thing are connected to objects of another.
• Apart from the four basic adornments ie name, role, multiplicityand aggregation UML supports some other properties forassociation.
i. Navigation
ii. Visibility
iii. Qualification
iv. Interface Specifier
v. Composition
vi. Association Classes
vii. Constraints
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i)Navigation
• Navigation is an adornments to an association that shows the path
of traversal.
• In an association it is possible to navigate from objects of one kind
to objects of other kind.
• It is represented with an arrowhead pointing to the direction of
traversal.
• Default is ( ) no arrow ie either left to right or right to left.
• By default navigation across an association is bidirectional.
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Here the navigation is from user to password
Folder File
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iii) Qualification
• Qualifier is a special attribute that reduces the effective multiplicity
of an association.
• One to many and many to many associations may be qualified.
• The qualifier distinguishes among the set of objects at the many
end of the association.
• In UML, a qualifier is represented as a small rectangle attached to
the end of the association and placing the attribute in the rectangle.
• The source object together with the value of the qualifiers gives thetarget object.
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iv)Interface Specifier
• An interface is a collection of operations that are used to specify a
service of a class or a component.
• Every class may realize many interfaces.
• The interface specifiers are represented as rolename: Iname
– Where Iname is the name of the interface and role name is the type of the
role in a class of association.
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In this example the person
class in the role of supervisor
realises the IM anager
interface and in the role of
worker realise Iemployee
interface
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v) Composition
• Composition is a form of aggregation, with strong ownership.
• In composition /composite aggregation an object may be a part of
only one composite at a time.
• In composition, the whole is responsible for the destruction of its
parts. That means that the composite must manage the creation
and destruction of its parts.
• In UML composition is represented as a plain association with a
filled diamond( ) at the whole end.
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vi) Association Classes
• An association class can be seen as an association that also has
class properties, that means it contains attributes and operations.
• In UML an association class is represented as a class symbol
attached by dashed line(-----------) to the association.
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vii) Constraints
UML defines 5 constraints that are applied to association.
i) Implicit
•
It specifies that the relationship is not manifest but, rather, is onlyconceptual.(Relation between two child class will exist if it exist
for the base classes.)
ii) Ordered
• It specifies that the set of objects at one end of an
association are in an explicit order.
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iii) Changeable
• The links between objects may be added, removed, and changed
freely.
iv) addOnly
• New links may be added from an object on the opposite end of
the association(without removing the existing link)
v) Frozen
• A link, once added from an object on the opposite end of the
association, may not be modified or deleted.
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Realization
• A realization is a semantic relationship between classifiers in which
one classifier specifies a contract that another classifier guarantees
to carry out.
• That means realization relationship can be shown between
interface and a class where the interface provide the contract andthe class carries out.
• Graphically, a realization is rendered as a dashed directed line with
a large open arrowhead pointing to the classifier that specifies the
contract.
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• Realization can be shown in two ways:-
1. Canonical Form
2. Elided Form
Canonical Form:
In canonical form, the interface stereotype is used along with a
dashed directed line with a large open arrowhead.
Elided Form
The elided form uses interface lolipop notation.
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