advanced building facades

ADAPTIVE FACADECLIMATE RESPONSIVE FACADE SYSTEM

PROJECT DESCRIPTION & CASE STATEMENT

GOALS & GUIDING PRINCIPLES

QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS

QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS

CLIMATE ZONE ANALYSIS

PRECEDENT STUDIES

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARCH 523 LORETTA ROMERO FALL 2011

MY PROJECT WILL BE AN ADAPTIVE FACADE SYSTEM THAT COULD BE APPLIED TO

ANY BUILDING TYPE WHETHER EXISTING OR NEW, IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE

OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING. THIS SYSTEM WOULD BE APPLIED TO

A BUILDING IN ORDER TO UTILIZE NATURAL LIGHTING AND SHADING CONDITIONS,

MADE POSSIBLE BY THE INNOVATIONS OF THE SMART FACADE. IT WILL BE A LIGHT-

WEIGHT NON-STRUCTURAL SECONDARY ENVELOPE SYSTEM. THIS PROJECT WILL

BE DEVELOPED BECAUSE MORE INNOVATION AND RESPONSIBILITY NEEDS TO BE

APPLIED TO THE CURRENT WAYS IN WHICH WALL SYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY BEING

APPLIED. THE GENERIC SYSTEMS BEING USED TODAY ARE NOT AS TECHNOLOGI-

CALLY ADVANCED OR RESPONSIBLE AS THEY HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE IN

ORDER TOO IMPROVE ON INTERNAL HEAT LOAD CONDITIONS AS WELL AS NATU-

RAL LIGHTING AND SHADING CONDITIONS.

ELEVATOR STATEMENT

THE ADAPTIVE FAADE SYSTEM HAS THE CAPABILITIES TO NOT ONLY TRANSFORM AN EXISTING FACADE

INTO A HIGHER PERFORMANCE ENVELOPE BUT ALSO CREATE A NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING THAT

CAN UTILIZE NATURAL ELEMENTS THAT OTHERWISE GO UNUSED.

BY RETRO-FITTING EXISTING BUILDING ENVELOPES WITH THIS HIGH PERFORMANCE SKIN, NOT ONLY IS IT

SUSTAINABLE IN THAT THE CURRENT BUILDING IS BEING RE-USED BUT IT ALSO DECREASES THE AMOUNT OF NEW

BUILDING THAT OCCURS. BY MINIMIZING NEW CONSTRUCTION, A SIGNIFICANT CHANGE IN ENERGY CON-

SUMPTION IS BEING IMPLEMENTED. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT LOW ENERGY STRATEGIES BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE

REFURBISHMENT OF THESE EXISISTING, OTHERWISE LOW PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS.

IN REGARD TO NEW CONSTRUCTION, THE COMBINATION OF THIS INTELLIGENT SKIN AND SMARTER BUILD-

ING DESIGN, HAS THE ABILITY TO TRANSFORM NEW BUILDING CONSTRUCTION FOR THE FUTURE OF OUR

ENERGY NEEDS. BY RESPONDING TO NATURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS EXTERIOR SUN AND SHADING AND ALSO

RESPONDING TO INTERIOR ELEMENTS SUCH AS INTERNAL HEAT GAIN AND LOADS, NOT ONLY CAN THIS SKIN

CREATE A MORE COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT TO WORK OR LIVE IN, BUT IT CAN ALSO CREATE A MORE

ENERGY RESPONSIBLE BUILDING.

THE SKIN MUST BE A LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE THAT COULD SUPPORT ITSELF IN ORDER TO AVOID ADDI-

TIONAL STRUCTURAL COSTS WITHIN AN EXISTING BUILDING AND ALSO TO MINIMIZE STRUCTURAL COSTS WITHIN

NEW CONSTRUCTION. THE UTILIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IS A MUST IN

ORDER FOR THE FAADE ITSELF TO BE SELF-SUSTAINING NOT ONLY STRUCTURALLY BUT ALSO IN REGARDS TO

COST.

CASE STATEMENT

1. TO DESIGN AN INNOVATIVE, RESPONSIVE FAADE THAT IS NOT ONLY ENERGY RESPONSIBLE BUT ALSO

AESTHETICALLY PLEASING FOR BOTH NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

- THE FACADE WILL UTILIZE NATURAL RESOURCES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE INTERNAL BUILDING

COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFIENCY.

- THE SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE ADDITIONAL AESTHETIC QUALITIES TO THE BUILDING.

2. TO ENHANCE EXISTING BUILDINGS BY INCREASING THEIR PERFORMANCE AND OVERALL APPEARANCE.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

- THE SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTING BUILDING PERFORMANCE, MINI-

MIZING NEW BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

- BY RETRO-FITTING EXISTING BUILDINGS, A MORE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE WITH LESS BUILDING

WASTE IS ALLOWED

3. TO UTILIZE THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE TODAY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE BUIDLING FACADE

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE CREATING A MORE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING FUTURE.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

- ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES ALLOW FOR A MECHANICALLY RESPONSIVE AND RESPONSIBLE

FACADE SYSTEM

- BY CREATING A MORE SUSTAINABLE BUILDING FACADE, WE CAN EXTEND THE LIFESPAN OF A

BUILDING AND DECREASE OVERALL ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

GOALS AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES


RESPONSIVEMECHANICAL


PISTON SYSTEMS


UMBRELLA STRUCTURE


HEXPLY

PTFESILICON COATED FIBERGLASS FABRIC

WOVEN PTFEHIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

MATERIAL CHOICE FOR THE ADAPTIVE

FACADE WILL BE CRUCIAL. IN THAT, THE

MATERIAL MUST BE LIGHT WEIGHT BUT

ALSO STRUCTURALLY SOUND TO HOLD

ITS FORM. IT MUST ALSO KEEP LIGHT OUT

WITHOUT TRANSFERRING HEAT IN OR

OUT OF THE BUILDING, ALONG WITH

MAINTAINING A DESIRABLE AESTHETIC

AND LOW BUDGET.


GRID SYSTEM

Grida) Centreline grid b) Modular grid c) Oset primary and secondary grids

F A C A D E S : P R I N C I P L E S O F C O N S T R U C T I O N

Centreline grid: The base grid is aligned with the centreline of

the building components. The length of the centreline is not de-

ned. This can be particularly useful if the sizes of some or all

components are not yet known.

Modular grid: A modular grid describes the extrapolation of the

primary structure. The secondary grid of the faade is aligned

with this primary grid. Zones with visibly varied widths are cre-

ated in areas b and c.

Primary and secondary grids at an oset: Osetting the

faade grid in relation to the secondary grid can have an inter-

mediary eect. However, this needs careful consideration when

designing the wall joints. Sometimes intermediate members (c)

have to be inserted for adjustment, or they can be used as an

optional design element.


STRUCTURAL PLACEMENT


The secondary structure of the faade is positioned in front of the primary structure of the building.

The faade is ushed with the primary strucure

The faade is situated behind the primary structure.


THERMAL COMFORT


Parameters in uencing thermal comfort Many factors are responsible for the thermal comfort level. The human body emits heat through radiation and convection, but also per-ceives the heat/cold from the surrounding walls and the air ow in the room

ComfortComfort range depending on room air tempera-ture and the surface temperature of the room- enclosing surfaces.


INTERIOR CONDITIONS

C L I M A T E S K I N , B U I L D I N G S K I N C O N C E P T T H A T C A N D O M O R E W I T H L E S S E N E R G Y

ILLUMINANCE AND REFLECTIVITY

30-80%

60-90%

20-60%

10-50%

AIR QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

MAX 0.15 VOL % CO2

FLOOR TEMP, VERTICAL TEMP GRADIENT AND AIR SPEED

MAX 3 K

19-29 C

OVERALL, THE QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF THIS PROJECT ARE THE NECESSARY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

REQUIREMENTS, ALONG WITH MATERIALITY QUALITIES AND MECHANICAL SPECS THAT WILL PROVIDE THE MOST

EFFICIENT OVERALL FACADE. THE FACADE IS ESSENTIALLY THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR

CONDITIONS. SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT OUTDOOR PARAMETERS ARE SOLAR RADIATION, OUTSIDE AIR

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY. THE INDOOR PARAMETERS ARE ILLUMINANCE AND DAYLIGHTING, EXTERIOR VIEW

AND INTERIOR TEMPERATURE COMFORT. ALSO IN THEORY, WITHIN THE FACADE MODULE WOULD ALSO ALLOW

THE INDIVIDUAL USER TO ADJUST THE FACADE BASED ON HIS/HER NEEDS


EXTERIOR INFLUENCES VS. INTERIOR INFLUENCES

SHADING FACTOR(OFFICE : 300 lx

WORKING AREA : 500 lx)

SOLAR RADIATION

ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,

ROOM TEMPERATURE,

VIEW TO OUTSIDE

TOTAL SOLAR ENERGY(SUM OF DIRECT SOLAR ENERGY

TRANSMITTANCE AND INTERNAL

HEAT TRANSFER)

SOLAR RADIATION

ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,

ROOM TEMPERATURE,

VIEW TO OUTSIDE

THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE(THE RATE OF TRANSFER OF HEAT)

OUTSIDE AIR TEMP.

ROOM TEMP., TEMP OF

AIR SUPPLY, SURFACE

TEMP.

DAYLIGHT FACTOR(RATIO OF ILLUMINANCE CREATED

BY DIRECT OR INDIRECT SUNLIGHT)

SOLAR RADIATION

ILLUMINANCE, GLARE,

ROOM TEMPERATURE,

VIEW TO OUTSIDE


CLIMATE ZONES

MIAMI TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING

JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL67.2 82.8 75.975.2 98.0 82.859.2 76.7 69.00.0 16.0 61.00.5 0.0 0.0

MIAMI HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS

JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL88.0 0.0 200156.0 552.0 4196

OTHER CONDITIOSNS CLEAR DAYS

CLOUDY DAYS

JANUARY AUGUST ANNUAL9.0 2.0 74.0

9.0 11.0 115.0

MIAMI, FLORIDA


CLIMATE ZONES

CHICAGO TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING


CHICAGO HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS



CLOUDY DAYS


18.0 11.0 176.0

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS


CLIMATE ZONES

ALBUQUERQUE TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING


ALBUQUERQUE HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS



CLOUDY DAYS


10.0 5.0 87.0

ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO


CLIMATE ZONES

SEATTLE TEMPERATURE AVE TEMP AVE MAX TEMPAVE MIN TEMPDAYS WITH MAX TEMP ABOVE 90 FDAYS WITH MIN TEMP BELOW FREEZING


SEATTLE HEATING AND COOLING HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS



CLOUDY DAYS


23.0 56.0 201.0

SEATTLE, WASHINGTON

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-OPEN

PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-CLOSING

PURPLE SHAMROCK PLANT-CLOSED

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

?1 2 3

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

LIGHT-WEIGHT STRUCTURE

AUTOMATED PISTON

ADAPTIVE MODULE

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

INTERIOR AND SIDE VIEW WHEN CONTRACTING

VIEW FROM INTERIOR

WHEN EXPANDED

SIDE VIEW

& SCALE

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

POSSIBLE INTERIOR VIEW

THE ADAPTIVE FACADE HAS THE CAPABILITY TO BE MODULATED DIFFERENTLY BASED ON THE NEEDS OF THE USER INSIDE.

IN ORDER FOR THE MODULE TO BE LESS EXPENSIVE AND LIGHTER IN WEIGHT IT IS BASED ROUGHLY ON A 1X1 SQUARE, MAKING IT EASY TO REPLACE OR REMOVE AND MAKING IT CLOSER TO A HUMANISTIC SCALE AND LESS OSTENTATIOUS.

PRECEDENTS

FLARESTAAB ARCHITECTS

HYPOSURFACE

PRECEDENTS

Bottom Static Layer (with Frame)

Upper Circle Unit - Moving Layer 1




Top Static Layer

Barrel Nut Inserted from Back

MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 1Circle Link 1 (Chamfer Down)0.06" Axle Spacer

MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 2MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 1Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus BearingCircle Link 2 (Countersink Up)0.06" Axle Spacer

8-32 Button Head Screw L3/8" into Barrel Nut

MCI-04-02 (Longer) Igus Bearing into Circle Link 2



Circle Link 2 (Countersink Up)



MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing into Moving Layer 2



Panel Axle Spacer into MCI-04-01 (Shorter) Igus Bearing



0.03" Axle Spacer

0.06" Axle Spacer8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 2 to Circle Link 2)

8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link Top2 to Circle Link Top 2)

8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 3 to Circle Link 2)

8-32 Flat Head Screw L3/8" (Circle Link 2 to Circle Link 1)

Project Stony Brook Adaptive WallArchitectDrawing No. Upper Circle Unit Disc AssemblyRevision 00Date December 16, 2010

Checked byDrawn by JH11

Status

Notes

Hoberman Associates, Inc.40 Worth StreetSuite 1680New York, NY 10013USA

p (+1) 212.349.7919f (+1) 212.349.7935www.hoberman.com

Sheet 1 of 1

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FINAL

PRECEDENTSHOBERMAN AND ASSOC.

TESSELLATE - INTELLIGENT SURFACES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

Knaack, Ulrich; Klein, Tillmann; Bilow, Marcel; Auer, Thomas. Facades: Principles of Construction. Basel, Boston, Berlin: Brikhaeuser, 2007.

Herzog, Thomas. Facade Construction Manual. Munich: Edition Detail (Brikhaeuser), 2008.

Hausladen, Gerhard. de Saldahna, Michael; Liedel, Petra; Sager, Christina. ClimateDesign: Solutions for Buidling that Can Do More with Less Technology.

INTERNET:

SOM + SCI-Arc on CF:Responsive Kinetic Facade. 15 April 2009. Southern California Institute of Architecture. http://www.core.form-ula.com/2009/04/15/som-sci-arc-on-cfresponsive-kinetic-facade

Faades: expressive, responsive, interactive. 22 January 2008. City of Sound. http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2008/01/faades-expressi.html

Adaptive Building Iniative. Introducing Tessellate.www.adaptivebuildings.com

advanced building facades

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