“A type of human development that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment for the present time and for years to come.”

(achieved through the use of sustainable development)“The creation of manufactured products that use processes that minimize negative environmental impacts and are economically sound.”

A company that is sustainable :• Makes money,• Realises it’s role towards environmental and social aspects

They will demonstrate concerns in the following areas (3 Pillars of Sustainability)• Social• Economic• Environment

This can be demonstrated through the example company Samsung…

Sustainable ManufacturingKEY ISSUES• Competition• Globalisation

• Pace of Technology• Sustainable Development

BENEFITS

• Samsung investing billions in clean energy technology

• Creating Jobs• Increased demand for technology which provides

renewable energy• “Environment, energy and healthcare will be top

industries for the next 10 years” (Senior VP of Corporate Communications, Samsung)

End-of-Life Strategies

Product Remanufacture Repair Recondition Recycle Reuse Repurpose

TV - Screen- Metal Plate- Cables- TV Stand- Circuit Board- Speakers

- TV (Whole Product)

- Circuit Board - Plastic Surround- Metal Plate- Charger

- Speakers- Screws- Cables- TV Stand

- Various Plastic components (contemporary art)

Mobile Phone - Circuit Board- Screen

- Mobile Phone(Whole Product)

- Circuit Board - Plastic Casing - Screws

Digital Watch - Watch (Whole Product)

- Plastic Components

Remote Control - Circuit Board - Plastic Casing - Batteries- Screws

Coffee Maker

External Factors • Wear-out life• Design cycle

• Technology cycle (stable and unstable periods)

• Technology research focus• Company design focus

• Reason for obsolescence• Functional complexity

Material Factors• Penalties associated with recycling

• Cleanliness of product• Number of materials

• Recycling value drivers• End-of-life path categorisation

• Type of materials• Amount of material• Source of material

• Manufacturing processes

Disassembly Factors• Disassembly time• Disassembly steps

• Number of modules• Number of parts

• Number of components• Disassembly innovation

• Overall access to components• Integration of cable and wiring

• Orientation of parts• Use of standard components

• Integration of electronic components

Supply Chain Factors• Responsibility for recycling cost

• Responsibility for collection and transport cost

• Recycling drop-off centres• Trade-in possibilities

• Beneficiaries of recycling• High demand

• Batch produced• Fast production

• Long product lifespan

Brief Overview - Ensures that the environmental implications of decisions are taken into account before actions takenPrinciple – to ensure that plans/programs/projects that are to have significant effects on environment are made subject to an environmental assessment. Inclusion of the public is a key feature of the assessment procedures. It strengthens quality of decisions by having the perspective of the consumers as then more can confirm/agree of possible success of product to develop.For the consideration of the company Samsung, and for the creation of their industrial products – LCA would be used. To consider technological activities used for various stages of product. LCAs can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental concerns by:Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases;Evaluating potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases;Interpreting results to help make a more informed decision.‘Used as a decision aiding tool rather a decision making one’Stages that would have been undergone for the manufacture of their products:-Determining correct materials – can be recycled? Avoidance of harmful substances? Inexpensive? Most beneficial manufacturing method for material – cheapest for procedure? Least time taken? Scrapwork? The components design – partsnecessary? Suitable for multi purpose? Standardised parts? Supplied? Methods of assembly- lack of

permanent fixes? Easy disassembly? Semi permanent? Short time required? Right procedure? Distancing of adjacent parts? Product Use/maintenance – ability of enhance model? Replacing parts? Time spent by staff reworking? Determining whether parts returned after use to be recycled, reused, reconditioned, remanufactured, repurposed or disposed? End of life use – sent for disposal? Expenses for landfill?

• Samsung SDI, Life cycle Analysis thinking in place: