advanced life support (training manual)

7/23/2019 Advanced Life Support (Training Manual)

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_bks jukohckmh w`s ohvhclpho dy6_bh @CQ Qudaliiktthh,

M`tklm`c Aliiktthh Lm Thsusakt`tklm _r`kmkmj

Ikmkstry le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`


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@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`cEkrst pudcksbho km I`c`ysk` km F`mu`ry 4>04 dy

Ihoka`c Ohp`rtihmt Okvksklm

Ikmkstry le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`

_bh Ikmkstry le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk` 4>04 www.ilb.jlv.iy

Kmstktuth elr Ihoka`c Thsh`rab A`t`cljkmj km ^udcka`tklm O`t`

@ a`t`cljuh rhalro elr tbks dllg ks `v`kc`dch erli tbh

Kmstktuth elr Ihoka`c Thsh`rab, Ikmkstry le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`

M`tklm`c Ckdr`ry le I`c`ysk` A`t`cljkmj km ^udcka`tklm O`t`

@ a`t`cljuh rhalro elr tbks dllg ks `v`kc`dch erli tbh

M`tklm`c Ckdr`ry le I`c`ysk`

ILB/^/^@G/44;.04 (BD)

KQDM ;:2-;5:->1;;->;-5

@cc rkjbts rhshrvho6 ml p`rt le tbks pudcka`tklm i`y dhrhprlouaho, stlrho km ` rhtrkhv`c systhi, lr tr`msikttho km `my

elri lr dy `my ih`ms, hchatrlmka, ihab`mka`c, pbltlalpykmj,

rhalrokmj, lr ltbhrwksh wktblut tbh prklr phrikssklm le tbh

Ikmkstry le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`.


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Elrhwlro

Okrhatlr Jhmhr`c le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk` >:

Ab`pthr 0-0>

Ab`pthr 0

Alursh Lvhrvkhw 0>

Ab`pthr 4

_bh Qysthi`tka @pprlàb 04

_bh DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy 04

_bh @CQ Qhalmo`ry Qurvhy 01

Ab`pthr 1

_hì Oymìkas 08

Ab`pthr ?

@krw`y I`m`jhihmt 0:

Lvhrvkhw le @krw`y I`m`jhihmt 0:

Lxyjhm Ohckvhrkmj Ohvkahs 0: (m`s`c a`mmuc`/skipch eàh i`sg/vhmturk i`sg

/i`sg wktb L4rhshrvlkr)

Mlm-kmv`skvh @krw`y Ohvkahs 0; (lrlpb`rymjh`c `krw`y/m`slpb`rymjh`c `krw`y)

I`mu`c @sskst Uhmtkc`tklm 0; (ilutb tl i`sg vhmtkc`tklm/d`j-i`sg vhmtkc`tklm)

@ov`maho @krw`y 40(supr`-jclttka `krw`ys hj6 CI@/H__)

Uhmtkc`tklm wktb m @ov`maho @krw`y mo Abhst Aliprhssklm 14

_ràbhldrlmabk`c Quatklmkmj 11

almthmt


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Ab`pthr 8

Ohdrkcc`tklm & Q`ehty 1?

Zb`t ks Ohdrkcc`tklm

Ab`pthr :

Orujs km Thsusakt`tklm ?;

Ab`pthr 2

@CQ @cjlrktbis 8?

Ab`pthr ; ^lst Thsusakt`tklm A`rh 8;

Ab`pthr 0>

Htbka`c Kssuhs km A`roklpucilm`ry Thsusakt`tklm 50

@pphmokx

Qgkcc Qt`tklm Aliphthmay Abhagckst 5?

Aliiktthh lm Thsusakt`tklm _r`kmkmj (MALT_) :>


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dy

Okrhatlr Jhmhr`c le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`


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@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu c :

_bh 0st D`ska A`rokà Ckeh Qupplrt `mo @ov`maho A`rokà

Ckeh Qupplrt Alursh whrh bhco km Gu`c` Cuipur Jhmhr`c

Blspkt`c km 0;25. Kt w`s flkmtcy lrj`mksho dy tbh Ikmkstry le

Bh`ctb, I`c`ysk`m Qlakhty le @m`hstbhsklcljksts mo M`tklm`c

Bh`rt @sslak`tklm km alcc`dlr`tklm wktb tbh @ihrka`m Bh`rt

@sslak`tklm.

Qkmah tbhm, ` muidhr le ab`mjhs b`vh dhhm iòh tl dltb

alurshs tl a`thr tl cla`c mhhos. _bh D`ska A`rokà Ckeh

Qupplrt Alursh w`s rhmìho D`ska Ckeh Qupplrt Alursh `mo

sblrthmho tl lmh o`y. Qkikc`rcy tbh @ov`maho A`rokà Ckeh

Qupplrt Alursh w`s rhmìho @ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt Alursh

`mo rhouaho tl twl o`ys.

Blwhvhr, i`thrk`c elr tbh @ov`maho A`rokà Ckeh Qupplrt

Alursh w`s t`ghm tlt`ccy erli tbh @ihrka`m Bh`rt

@sslak`tklm. Zktb tbh elri`tklm le tbh @ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt

Qudaliiktthh umohr tbh uidrhcc` le M`tklm`c Aliiktthh lm

Thsusakt`tklm _r`kmkmj, tbh @ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj

I`mu`c w`s alipkcho. K almjr`tuc`th tbh Qudaliiktthh elrprlouakmj tbh tr`kmkmj i`mu`c.

K blph tbh p`rtkakp`mts le tbh @ov`maho A`rokà Qupplrt

Alursh wkcc mo tbh i`mu`c usheuc `mo aliprhbhmskvh.

_b`mg ylu.

O`tl Qrk Or B`s`m@douc T`bi`mOkrhatlr Jhmhr`c

le Bh`ctb I`c`ysk`


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@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c0>

ab`pthr 0Alursh Lvhrvkhw

_bh @ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt Alursh `kis tl tr`km olatlrs `mo bh`ctba`rh prlvkohrs wlrgkmj km arktka`c

a`rh `rh`s km tbh rhsusakt`tklm le p`tkhmts dhylmo tbh @DA le rhsusakt`tklm.

_bh alursh hipb`skzhs lm hmb`makmj ylur sgkccs km tbh trh`tihmt le `rrhst p`tkhmts tbrlujb àtkvh

p`rtkakp`tklm km ` shrkhs le skiuc`tho a`roklpucilm`ry a`shs. _bhsh skiuc`tklms `rh ohskjmho tlrhkmelrah kiplrt`mt almahpts, kmacuokmj

_bh D`ska Ckeh Qupplrt (DCQ) ^rki`ry Qurvhy

_bh @ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt (@CQ) Qhalmo`ry Qurvhy

_bh @CQ `cjlrktbis

Heehatkvh rhsusakt`tklm thì oymìkas

Alursh Ldfhatkvhs

Xplm alipchtklm le tbks alursh, ylu sbluco dh `dch tl

I`m`jh a`rokà `rrhst umtkc rhturm le splmt`mhlus akrauc`tklm (TLQA), thrikm`tklm le

rhsusakt`tklm, lr tr`msehr le a`rh

Ohilmstr`th heehatkvh aliiumka`tklm `s ` ihidhr lr chòhr le ` rhsusakt`tklm thì `mo

rhaljmkzh tbh kipàt le thì oymìkas lm lvhr`cc thì phrelri`mah

Alursh Ohsarkptklm

_bh alursh almahmtr`ths lm sgkccs dltb kmokvkou`ccy `mo `s p`rt le ` thì. Chaturhs `rh sblrt `moehw. _bhrhelrh ylu `rh hxphatho tl b`vh rhò tbh @CQ prlvkohr tr`kmkmj i`mu`c dhelrh tbh alursh.

Km òoktklm, strlmj DCQ sgkccs `rh tbh elumo`tklm le @CQ. [lu iust b`vh p`ssho tbh 0-rhsauhr DCQ/

@utli`tho Hxthrm`c Ohdrkcc`tlr (@HO) alursh dhelrh hmrlcihmt kmtl tbh @CQ alursh. _bh alursh

prljrìih ks `s elcclws6


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@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c 00

>:1> - >2>>b Thjkstr`tklm >2>> - >20>b Alursh lvhrvkhw

>20> - >2?>b Chaturh- @krw`y I`m`jhihmt

>2?> - >;0>b Chaturh- @cjlrktbi

>;0> - >;?>b Chaturh- Orujs

>;?8 - 0>>>b _h` Drh`g

0>>> - 0408b Qgkcc st`tklms6@krw`y, Ohdrkcc`tklm `moHAJ rhaljmktklm + orujs wktb hàb st`tklmc`stkmj ?8 ikmuths

0408 - 01>>b ût kt `cc tljhtbhr

01>> - 0?>>b Cumab

0?>> - 0:>>b Ihjàloh pràtkah

>208 - >21>b Chaturh- Htbkas km rhsusakt`tklm

>21> - >;1>b _bhlry thst

>;1> - 01>>b Ihjàloh pràtkah

0?>> - 0:>>b _hst lm @krw`y `mo Ihjàloh

O`y 4

O`y 0


13/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c04

ab`pthr 4_bh DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy

_bh DCQ jl`c ks tl supplrt lr rhstlrh heehatkvh lxyjhm`tklm, vhmtkc`tklm, `mo akrauc`tklm umtkc TLQA

lr umtkc @CQ kmthrvhmtklms a`m dh kmktk`tho. ^hrelri`mah le tbh àtklms km tbh DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy

sudst`mtk`ccy kiprlvhs ` p`tkhmts ab`mah le survkv`c `mo ` jllo (lr dhtthr) mhurlcljka lutalih.

Dhelrh almouatkmj tbh DCQ rki`ry Qurvhy, ylu sbluco `sshssO`mjhr, abhag p`tkhmtThsplmskvhmhss,Qblut elr bhcp (àtkv`th hihrjhmay ihoka`c systhi `mo jht `m @HO).

_bh DCQ rki`ry Qurvhy ks m@DAO pprlàb uskmj shrkhs le shquhmtk`c sshssihmts. Hàb sshssihmt

ks elcclwho dy `pprlprk`th àtklm(s) ke mhhoho. @s ylu `sshss hàb sthp (tbh p`tkhmts `krw`y, drh`tbkmj,

akrauc`tklm, mo ohthrikmh ke ohdrkcc`tklm ks mhhoho), ylu stlp mo phrelri m atklm, ke mhahss`ry, dhelrh

prlahhokmj tl tbh mhxt `sshssihmt sthp. @sshssihmt ks ` ghy aliplmhmt km tbks `pprlàb. Elr hxìpch6

Abhag elr rhsplmskvhmhss dhelrh sblutkmj elr bhcp `mo lphm tbh `krw`y

Abhag drh`tbkmj dhelrh st`rtkmj abhst aliprhssklms

@ttàb `m @HO, tbhm `m`cyzh elr ` sblag`dch rbytbi dhelrh ohckvhrkmj ` sblag

_bh Qysthi`tka @pprlàb6

_bh DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy `mo_bh @CQ Qhalmo`ry Qurvhy

Thihidhr6`sshss...tbhm phrelri pprlprk`th atklm.

_`dch 0 dhclw sblws `m lvhrvkhw le DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy. OTQ ks kmacuoho dhelrh @DAO elr

alipchthmhss.

@sshss @atklm

O`mjhr

- @rh tbhrh dcllo spkccs, sb`rps, hchatrka

wkrhsC/ikmuth

Olhs mlt suppcy lxyjhm = 5>%

Uhmturk I`sg

D`sho lm Dhrmlucckh prkmakpch

- L4ks p`ssho tbrlujb ` m`rrlwho lrkah `mo tbks arh`ths ` bkjb-vhclakty strhì le j`s. _bks

bkjb-vhclakty fht strhì jhmhr`ths ` sbh`rkmj elrah gmlwm `s vksalus or`j tb`t puccs rlli `kr

kmtl tbh i`sg tbrlujb tbh hmtr`kmihmt plrts lm tbh i`sg.

Jkvhs ohskrho almahmtr`tklm le lxyjhm tl p`tkhmt (4?% tl 5>%)

Jllo elr p`tkhmt wktb abrlmka ldstruatkvh `krw`y oksh`sh

I`sg wktb L4Thshrvlkr

_bh òoktklm le ` rhshrvlkr d`j tl ` st`mo`ro eàh i`sg kmarh`shs tbh a`pàkty le tbh L4rhshrvlkr

dy 5>> tl 0>>> ic. Ke tbh rhshrvlkr d`j ks ghpt km`tho, tbh p`tkhmt wkcc kmb`ch lmcy tbh j`s

almt`kmho km tbh d`j.

_bhrh `rh twl typhs le i`sg-rhshrvlkr d`j ohvkahs6

Thdrh`tbkmj systhi Mlm-rhdrh`tbkmj systhi

Ml v`cvh mo sl j`s hxb`cho km tbh kmktk c pb`sh

le hxpkr`tklm rhturms tl tbh rhshrvlkr d`j

^rlvkohs up tl :>% tl 2>% L4wktb lw r`ths le

0> - 08C/ikmuth.

^rhshmah le lmh-w`y v`cvh tb`t prhvhmts my

hxb`cho j`s erli rhturmkmj tl tbh rhshrvlkr d`j

^rlvkohs up tl ;8% tl 0>>% L4wktb lw r`ths

le 0> - 08C/ikmuth.


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@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c 0;

Bhò tkctabkm cket F`w tbrust

Mlm-kmv`skvh @krw`y Ohvkahs

Lrlpb`rymjh`c @krw`y

@ shikakrauc`r tudh tl blco tbh tlmjuh `w`y erli tbh plsthrklr w`cc le tbh pb`rymx

Xsho km ali`tlsh p`tkhmt lr p`tkhmt wktb clss le `krw`y rhhx I`y aùsh c`rymjlsp`si km shikali`tlsh p tkhmt

U rklus skzhs (1,?,8)

- _bh `pprlprk`th skzh ks ih`surho erli `mjch le ilutb tl `mjch le f`w

M`slpb`rymjh c @krw`y

@m umaueeho tudh iòh le slet ruddhr lr pc`stka

Xsho km p`tkhmt wbhrh ilutb lphmkmj ks okeauct

Ilrh tlchr`dch dy shik-ali`tlsh p`tkhmt Xsho wktb aùtklm km p`tkhmt wktb d`sh le sgucc eràturh lr wktb HM_ dchhokmj

I`y aùsh `krw`y dchhokmj km up tl 1>% p`tkhmts

U rklus skzhs (skzh kmoka`ths kmthrm`c okìhthr)

- _bh `pprlprk`th skzh ks ih`surho erli tkp le tbh mlsh tl tr`jus le tbh h`r

I`mu`c @sskst Uhmtkc`tklm

Km m umalmsaklus lr shikalmsaklus vkatki, tbh bh`ctba`rh prlvkohr sbluco lphm tbh vkatkis krw`y dy

bhò tkct-abkm cket lr f`w tbrust (ke susphatho ahrvka`c kmfury). Lrlpb`rymjh`c lr m`slpb`rymjh`c krw`ys

i`y dh usho tl prhvhmt tbh tlmjuh erli laacuokmj tbh `krw`y.


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Ilutb tl I`sg Uhmtkc`tklm

_bh i`sg ks ` plaght i`sg usu`ccy wktb lmh w`y v`cvh

@ov`mt`jhs6

- Hckikm`ths okrhat almtàt - Lxyjhm`ths whcc ke L4`ttàbho

- H`skhr tl phrelri tb`m d`j-i`sg vhmtkc`tklm - Dhst elr si`cc-b`moho rhsauhrs

_wl w`ys le a rrykmj lut ilutb tl i`sg vhmtkc`tklm ohphmokmj lm wbhtbhr tbhrh rh 0 lr 4 rhsauhrs

0- Thsauhr _habmkquh

^hrelriho erli skohs Thsauhr sckohs lvhr elr abhstaliprhssklms

Ekmjhrs-bhò tkct-abkm cket

4- Thsauhr _habmkquh

_bh rhsauhr abhst aliprhssklm _bh vhmtkc`tlr st`mos `tbhò hmo

D`j-i`sg Uhmtkc`tklm

Uhmtkc`tklm

D`j

Eàh I`sg

Hxb`c`tklm

^lrt

Mlm drh`tbkmj U cvh

Lxyjhm Quppcy

_udkmj

Lxyjhm

Thshrvlkr

Lxyjhm

Quppcy KmchtAlmmhatklm

@kr/Lxyjhm

Kmt`gh U cvh


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@ov`maho @krw`ys

D`j-i`sg vhmtkc`tklm ks mlt sukt`dch elr prlclmjho phrklos le vhmtkc`tklm `s kt `csl km`ths tbh stliàb.

_bhrhelrh, @CQ prlvkohrs sbluco dh tr`kmho km tbh ush le `m ov`maho krw`y (supr`jclttka krw`ys lr H__).

Blwhvhr, tbh prlvkohr sbluco whkjb tbh mhho elr ikmki`ccy kmthrruptho abhst aliprhssklms j`kmst tbh

mhho elr kmshrtklm le ` supr`jclttka `krw`y lr `m H__.

Qupr`jclttka @krw`ys

Qupr`jclttka `krw`ys `rh ohvkahs ohskjmho tl i`kmt`km `m lphm `krw`y `mo eàkckt`th vhmtkc`tklm.

Kmshrtklm le ` supr`jclttka `krw`y olhs mlt rhqukrh vksu`ckz`tklm le vla`c alro `mo sl kt ks plsskdch tl

kmshrt wktblut kmthrruptkmj abhst aliprhssklm ourkmj rhsusakt`tklm.

@ muidhr le supr`jclttka `krw`ys `rh `v`kc`dch6

C`rymjh`c i`sg `krw`y (CI@), alidktudh `mo c`rymjh`c tudh. _bh CI@ prlvkohs ` ilrh shaurh `mo

rhck`dch ih`ms le vhmtkc`tklm `mo ks wkohcy usho km ackmka`c pràtkah.

Lmh B`mo (H-A Acìp _habmkquh) _wl B`mo _habmkquh

_bh d`j-i`sg ohvkah almsksts le ` shce-km`tkmj d`j `mo ` mlm-rhdrh tbkmj v`cvh

- A`m dh usho wktb ` eàh i`sg lr `m òv`maho krw`y hj C`rymjh`c i`sg `krw`y (CI@)

lr hmoltràbh`c tudh (H__)

- ^rlvkohs plsktkvh prhssurh vhmtkc`tklm

- A`mmlt dh usho tl `cclw splmt`mhlus drh`tbkmj

_bh prlvkohr sbluco ush `m òuct (0 tl 4 C) d`j `mo ohckvhr fust hmlujb vlcuih tl prlouah `mldvklus abhst rksh

D`j-i`sg vhmtkc`tklm a`m prlouah j`strka km`tklm wktb alipcka`tklms, kmacuokmj rhjurjkt`tklm

`mo `spkr`tklm

_wl w`ys le blcokmj tbh d`j-i`sg ohvkah lm tbh eàh elr òhqu`th vhmtkc`tklm6


23/74


Uhrsklms le CI@

I`my okeehrhmt vhrsklms le CI@ skmah kts kmvhmtklm6

CI@ Ac`sska - lrkjkm`c rhus`dch ohskjm

CI@ Xmkquh - okspls`dch vhrsklm elr ush km hihrjhmay `mo prhblspkt`c shttkmj

CI@ E`stràb (Kmtud`tkmj CI@) - `s ` almoukt elr kmtud`tklm

CI@ Echxkdch - slet tudkmj mo mlt elr ush km hihrjhmay shttkmj

CI@ rlsh`c - òoktklm`c ab`mmhc elr suatklmkmj le j`strka almthmts

CI@ Quprhih - skikc`r tl ^rlsh`c dut wktb dukct-km dkth dclag

CI@ Atràb - dukct-km dhr-lptkas wktb ` vkohl sarhhm

Auee

U`cvh

Kmc`tklm ^kclt D`ccllm

Kmc`tklm Ckmh

@phturh D`rs

@krw`y _udh

08ii Almmhatlr

C`rymjh`c I`sg @krw`y

@m òv`maho krw`y ohvkah tb`t ks almskohrho m àahpt`dch cthrm`tkvh tl tbh H__

Kmvhmtho dy Or. @rabkh Dr`km, ` Drktksb `m`hstbhtkst `t Clmolm Blspkt`c, Zbkthab`phc km 0;20

- _bh kmvhmtklm aùshs ` p`ròkji sbket km `krw`y i`m`jhihmt

Xsho km lvhr 0>> alumtrkhs wlrcowkoh Lvhr 08> ikccklm ushrs tl o`th lvhr 08 yh`rs

Zbhm alip`rho wktb tbh H__, tbh CI@ prlvkohs hqukv`chmt vhmtkc`tklm7 suaahsseuc vhmtkc`tklm

ourkmj A^T b`s dhhm rhplrtho km :4% tl ;:% le p`tkhmts

_habmka`ccy h`skhr tl kmshrt `mo sbluco `cclw ikmki`c kmthrruptklm tl abhst aliprhssklm ourkmj

rhsusakt`tklm

Uhmtkc`tkmj p`tkhmt vk` CI@ i`y stkcc aùsh j`strka `spkr`tklm

Aliplsho le ` tudh wktb ` aueeho i`sg-ckgh prlfhatklm t tbh hmo le tbh tudh `mo almmhatho tl `

pkclt d`ccllm


24/74


Kmshrtklm le CI@

Dhelrh `my `tthipt tl kmshrt `m CI@, tbh elcclwkmj hqukpihmt b`s tl dh prhp`rho6

^hrslm`c prlthatkvh hqukpihmt - i`sg, hyh sbkhco/jljjch, jclvhs

@pprlprk`th skzh CI@

Qyrkmjh wktb `pprlprk`th vlcuih (0>, 4> lr 8> ic) elr CI@ auee km`tklm

Z`thr slcudch cudrka`mt Uhmtkc`tklm hqukpihmt

_`ph lr ltbhr ohvkah(s) tl shaurh CI@

Qthtblsalph

_bh elcclwkmj `rh tbh sthps mhahss`ry elr suaahsseuc kmshrtklm le CI@6

Qthp 06Qkzh shchatklm - `s phr Thaliihmoho Qkzh Jukohckmhs

Qkzh le CI@ Zhkjbt le p`tkhmt I`x @kr km Auee Mlt tl Hxahho

Qkzh 0 3 8 gj ? ic

Qkzh 0.8 8 tl 0> gj : ic

Qkzh 4 0> tl 4> gj 0> ic

Qkzh 4.8 4> tl 1> gj 0? ic

Qkzh 1 1> tl 8> gj lr si`cc ouct 4> ic

Qkzh ? 8> tl :> gj (`ouct) 1> ic

Qkzh 8 = :> gj (c`rjh ouct) ?> ic

Thaliihmoho Qkzh Jukohckmhs elr CI@

_bh elcclwkmj t`dch sblws tbh Thaliihmoho Qkzh Jukohckmhs mo tbh @ilumt le @kr mhhoho tl km`th

tbh CI@ auee6


25/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c4?

Qthp 46 Hxìkm`tklm le CI@

Kmsphat sureàh le CI@ elr oì`jh, kmacuokmj auts, th`rs, lr sar`tabhs

- Ol mlt ush tbh CI@ ke tbh `krw`y tudh ks oì`jho km `my w`y

Kmsphat kmthrklr le CI@ krw`y tudh tl hmsurh tb`t kt ks erhh erli dclag`jh lrcllsh p`rtkachs

- @my p`rtkachs prhshmt km tbh `krw`y tudh sbluco dh rhilvho `s p`tkhmt i`y

kmb`ch tbhi èthr kmshrtklm

Km`th auee tl hmsurh tb`t kt olhs mlt ch`g

Oh`th auee tl hmsurh tb`t kt i`kmt`kms ` vàuui

Qthp 16 Abhag km`tklm `mo oh`tklm le auee

Km`th auee wktb tbh rhaliihmoho vlcuih le `kr

Qclwcy oh`th auee tl elri ` silltb `t whojh sb`ph wbkab wkcc p`ss h`skcy

`rlumo tbh dàg le tbh tlmjuh `mo dhbkmo tbh hpkjclttks

Qthp ?6 Cudrka`tklm le CI@ Auee/I`sg

Xsh ` w`thr slcudch cudrka`mt tl cudrka`th

Lmcy cudrka`th CI@ auee/i`sg fust prklr tl kmshrtklm

Lmcy cudrka`th dàg le CI@ auee/i`sg tblrlujbcy

@vlko hxahsskvh cudrka`mts lm `mthrklr sureàh lr km tbh dlwc le auee/i`sg `s

kmb`c`tklm le tbh cudrka`mt elcclwkmj pcàhihmt i`y rhsuct km alujbkmj lr

ldstruatklm

Qthp 86 ^lsktklm bhò elr kmshrtklm

CI@ a`m dh kmshrtho hvhm ke tbh bhò ks km tbh mhutr`c plsktklm `s clmj `s tbhilutb lphmkmj ks òhqu`th

@vlko CI@ elco lvhr6

- @sskst`mt puccs tbh clwhr f`w olwmw`ros

- Uksu ckzh tbh plsthrklr lr`c a`vkty

- Hmsurh tb`t CI@ ks mlt elcokmj lvhr km tbh a`vkty `s kt ks kmshrtho


26/74


_bh kmohx mjhr pusbhs CI@ km

` ar`mk`c okrhatklm elcclwkmj tbh

almtlurs le tbh b`ro `mo slet p`c`ths

_l eàkckt`th kmtrlouatklm le CI@ kmtl

tbh lr`c a`vkty, jhmtcy prhss tbh ikooch

mjhr olwm lmtl tbh f`w

Dhclw `rh ` shrkhs le ok`jrìs sblwkmj tbh kmshrtklm le CI@6

Ihtblo elr blcokmj tbh CI@ elr

st`mo`rokmshrtklm thabmkquh0

1

4

?

Zktb tbh bhò tkct `mo tbh mhag hxho,

kmshrt tbh auee le CI@ kmtl tbh lr`c

a`vkty7 okrhatklm le elrah jlhs `j`kmst

tbh b`ro p`c`th


27/74


8 5I`kmt`kmkmj prhssurh wktb mjhr lmCI@ km tbh ar`mk`c okrhatklm, `ov`mahCI@ umtkc ohmkth rhskst`mah ks ehct

`t tbh d`sh le tbh byplpb`rymx6 mlth

hxklm le tbh wrkst

Jhmtcy i`kmt`km ar`mk`c prhssurh wktb

mlm-olikm`mt b`mo wbkch rhilvkmj

kmohx mjhr

_l `cclw CI@ tl sh`t lptki`ccy, km`th

wktblut blcokmj CI@

Km`th auee wktb fust hmlujb `kr tl

ldt`km sh`c - tbks sbluco alrrhsplmo tl

kmtr`auee prhssurhs `rlumo 5> ai B4L7ol mlt lvhr-km`th

_`ph tbh dkth-dclag `mo CI@ `krw`y

tudh olwmw`ros `j`kmst tbh abkm

_`phDkth Dclag

2 ;


28/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c 4:

Ekm`c wlros lm CI@

_hst auee dhelrh ush

Olmt cudrka`th `mthrklr skoh le CI@ i`sg

Kmshrt lmcy km ali`tlsh p`tkhmt

Ghhp auee km`tho umtkc p`tkhmt `w`gh

Hmoltràbh`c _udh (H__)

_bh H__ ks usu`ccy rhj`roho s tbh Jlco Qt`mo`ro le `krw`y almtrlc wbkch hmoltràbh`c kmtud`tklm ks

` bkjbcy sgkceuc prlahourh tb`t rhqukrhs òhqu`th tr`kmkmj `mo lmjlkmj i`kmthm`mah le sgkcc.

_bh H__ w`s lmah almskohrho tbh lptki`c ihtblo le i`m`jkmj `krw`y ourkmj a`rokà `rrhst. Kt ghhps

tbh `krw`y p`thmt, phrikts suatklmkmj le `krw`y sharhtklms, hm`dchs ohckvhry le ` bkjb almahmtr`tklm

le lxyjhm, prlvkohs `m `cthrm`tkvh rluth elr tbh òikmkstr`tklm le slih orujs, eàkckt`ths ohckvhry le `

shchatho tko`c vlcuih, `mo wktb tbh ush le ` auee, i`y prlthat tbh `krw`y erli `spkr`tklm.

Blwhvhr, kt ks mlw ach`r tb`t tbh kmakohmah le alipcka`tklms ks umàahpt`dcy bkjbwbhm kmtud`tklm ks

phrelriho dy kmhxphrkhmaho prlvkohrs. Kmthrruptklm le abhst aliprhssklm skjmka`mtcy rhouahs ab`mah

le TLQA. @CQ prlvkohr tbhrhelrh iust whkjb tbh rksgs `mo dhmhts le hmoltràbh`c kmtud`tklm ourkmj

rhsusakt`tklm `j`kmst prlclmjho kmthrruptklm le abhst aliprhssklm. Ke hmoltràbh`c kmtud`tklm ks ohhi

hsshmtk`c, kt sbluco dh olmh dy tbh ilst hxphrkhmaho phrslmmhc `mo abhst aliprhssklm sbluco mlt dh

kmthrruptho elr ilrh tb`m 0>-4>s. @cthrm`tkvhcy, ke vhmtkc`tklm ks ohqu`th wktb d`j-i`sg lr supr`jclttka

ohvkahs, hmoltràbh c kmtud`tklm elr a`rokà `rrhst i`y dh ohc`yho umtkc TLQA.

Hqukpihmt elr Hmoltràbh`c Kmtud`tklm6

_bh hqukpihmt mhahss`ry elr hmoltràbh`c kmtud`tklm i`y dh rhihidhrho `s imhilmkas I@CHQ6

I - I`sg (D`j-i`sg), I`jkcc elrahps

@ - @krw`ys (Lrlpb`rymjh`c/M`slpb rymjh`c @krw`y)

C - C`rymjlsalph, CI@, Cudrka`mt jhc

H - Hmoltràbh`c tudhs + Qtycht + t`ph elr shaurkmj H__

Q - Quatklm (A`tbhthr/[ umghr), Qyrkmjh, Qtycht

C`rymjlsalph

Almsksts le b`moch (wbkab almt`kms ` d`tthry plwhr slurah) mo dcòh 4 typhs le dcòhs6 Iàkmtlsb dcòh (aurvho) elr oucts Ikcchr dcòh (str`kjbt) elr mhwdlrm mo kme`mts

I`gh surh tb`t tbh ckjbt lm tbh dcòh wlrgs `mo ks drkjbt wbhm ckt up

Ekm`ccy almmhat tl d`j-i`sg lr vhmtkc`tlr `mo cllg elr abhst rksh

Almri hqu`c drh`tb slumos lvhr dltb cumj hcos & dshmah le vhmtkc`tlry slumos lvhr

hpkj`strkui


29/74


Abllskmj _bh Alrrhat Qkzh H__

@jh Kmthrm`c Okìhthr (ii) @mablr elr Lr`c H__

@ouct I`ch 2 - 2.8 4> - 44 ai

@ouct Ehi`ch : - :.8 02 - 4> ai

Mhwdlrm tl 1 ilmtbs 1 whkjbt (gj) +5

Kme`mts 1 - 1.8 whkjbt (gj) +5

Abkcorhm =0yh`r

Ke uskmj aueeho H__

(@jh/?) + ?

(@jh/?) + 1.8

1 tkihs skzh le H__ usho/

(@jh/?)+04

Hmoltràbh`c _udh

_ypka`c ilohrm H__ b`s tbh elcclwkmj eh`turhs6

I`rgho wktb

- Qkzh wktb kmthrm`c okìhthr km ii7 hxthrm`c okìhthr km si`cchr chtthrkmj - V-:; wbkab ohmlths tb`t tbh i`thrk`c b`s dhhm kipc`mt`tklm thstho km r`ddkt iusach elr tkssuh

alip`tkdkckty

- Okst`mah erli tbh tkp le H__ `t kmthrv`cs `clmj H__s chmjtb. Ilst pc`stka tudhs `rh clmjhr

tb`m ks usu`ccy rhqukrho `mo i`y dh aut tl skzh

- Ltbhr i`rgkmjs wbkab i`y rhehr tl tbh i`mueàturhr, tbh tròh mìh le tbh typh le H__, `mo

wbhtbhr kt ks kmthmoho elr lr`c lr m`s`c ush

- @ ròkl-lp`quh ckmh tl `ko ohthatklm le H__ lm abhst R-r`ys

Aurvho wktb ` chet-eàkmj dhvhc `t tbh okst`c. @ blch km tbh w`cc lpplskth tbh dhvhc (Iurpby hyh)

`cclws vhmtkc`tklm sbluco tbh hmo dhalih ldstruatho dy tbh tràbh`c w`cc lr iuaus lr sharhtklms

@ttàbho tl ` H__ almmhatlr t tbh prlxki`c hmo I`y dh`r ` auee mh`r tbh okst`c hmo, wktb ` pkclt d`ccllm rummkmj tlw`ros tbh prlxki`c hmo. _bh

auee ks le bkjb vlcuih `mo clw prhssurh typh tl rhouah prhssurh lm tbh tràbh`c iuals`

^rhp`r`tklm elr Hmoltràbh`c Kmtud`tklm

Kt ks kiplrt`mt tl jht rhòy dhelrh `my `tthipt km kmtud`tklm6

Hmsurh hqukpihmt rhòy `mo km jllo lrohr6 I@CHQ

Hmsurh ohqu`th lxyjhm slurah

- w`cc lr ayckmohr

- ke lxyjhm slurah ks erli lxyjhm ayckmohr, abhag L4prhssurh

Hmsurh hmlujb bhcpkmj b`mos Hmsurh hqukpihmt tl ilmktlrkmj suaahss le pcàhihmt le H__ kh Qthtblsalph, Hmo-tko`c AL

4

ilmktlr `mo ûcsh lxkihthr rhòy `mo km jllo lrohr

Hmsurh rhsusakt`tklm `mo kmtud`tklm orujs `v`kc`dch `mo rhòy


30/74


Ilutb

_ràbh`

^b`rymx

_bh _habmkquh le Hmoltràbh`c Kmtud`tklm

_bh elcclwkmj `rh sthps mhahss`ry elr suaahsseuc hmoltràbh`c kmtud`tklm ourkmj a`rokà `rrhst6

Qthp 06 ^lsktklm p`tkhmt km tbh smkemj tbh ilrmkmj `kr plsktklm

Echxklm `t clwhr ahrvka`c spkmh

Hxthmsklm `t `tc`mtl-laakpkt`c flkmt

_l `ckjm tbh `xhs le upphr `krw`y `s sblwm km tbh ok`jrì dhclw

Qthp 46 ^rhlxyjhm`tklm

0>>% L4elr 1 ikmuths lr wktb ? vkt`c a`pàkty drh`tbs

Qthp 16 C`rymjlsalpy `mo kmshrtklm le H__

Hxthmo-tbh-bhò-lm-mhag (cllg up)6 ckjms xks @ rhc`tkvh tl D

Echx-tbh-mhag-lm-sblucohrs (cllg olwm)6 `ckjms `xks D rhc`tkvh tl A


31/74


0 . U`cchauc`

4 . Ula`c alro

1 . @rytbhmlko A`rtkc`jh

?. Jclttka Lphmkmj

Xsh chet b`mo tl blco c`rymjlsalph

Hmthr `t rkjbt skoh le ilutb `mo pusb tlmjuh tlw`ros chet skoh

Ilvh tbh c`rymjlsalph dcòh tlw`ro ikockmh `mo òv`mah tl tbh d`sh le tlmjuh. @ov`mah tbh

dcòh tl tbh v`cchauc` ke tbh aurvho dcòh ks usho lr tl fust dhylmo tkp le hpkjclttks ke tbh str`kjbt

dcòh ks usho

Cket upw`ro mo elrw`ro tl drkmj tbh c`rymx mo vla`c alros kmtl vkhw `s kmoka`tho dy tbh `rrlw

km tbh ok`jrì `dlvh. _bh okrhatklm le elrah mhahss`ry tl cket tbh i`mokdch `mo tlmjuh ks ?8

ohjrhhs. Ol mlt ush tbh thhtb `s ` eucarui lr ` chvhr

1D6 Kmshrtklm le H__

Kmshrt tbh H__ tbrlujb tbh vla`c alros. Ukhw tbh prlxki`c hmo le tbh auee t tbh chvhc le tbh

vla`c alros `mo òv`mah kt `dlut 0 tl 4.8ai eurtbhr kmtl tbh tràbh`

Km`th tbh H__ wktb hmlujb `kr tl laacuoh tbh `krw`y (usu`ccy 0> tl 4>ic)

1@6 C`rymjlsalpy

Kiplrt`mt plkmt tl mlth6

_kih t`ghm elr c`rymjlsalpy `mo kmshrtklm le H__ sbluco mlt dh ilrh tb`m 1> shalmos`mo prhehr`dcy chss tb`m 08 shalmos.

Qthp ?6Almri alrrhat plsktklm le H__

Ldshrvh alclur le p`tkhmt

Uksu`cksh abhst rksh wktb ohckvhry le rst i`mu`c drh`tb

Ohthat v`plur km H__ 8 plkmts ùsauct`tklm elr drh`tb slumos (ùsauct`th hpkj`strkui, `mthrklr abhst `t

dkc`thr`c iko-ac`vkauc`r ckmhs `mo tblr`x `t dkc`thr`c iko-`xkcc`ry ckmhs)

Ohthat hmo-tko`c AL4wktb a`pmljr`pby lr AL

4ohthatlr ohvkah


32/74


Qthp 86Qhaurh H__ wktb t`ph

Qthp 56Uhmtkc`th wktb ` tko`c vlcuih le 5-2 ic/gj (vkskdch abhst rksh) `t ` r`th le 2-0> drh`tb

phr ikmuth

Xsh le Ohvkahs tl Almri Alrrhat H__ ^càhihmt Uk` Ohthatklm le AL4^rlouatklm

Ohthatklm le hmo-tko`c AL4ourkmj rhsusakt`tklm6

Almris H__ pcàhihmt7 mlth tb`t HtAL4ohthatklm wkcc mlt okeehrhmtk`th dhtwhhm tràbh`c `mo

hmoldrlmabk`c tudh pcàhihmt. A`rheuc ùsauct`tklm ks hsshmtk`c

Alrrhc`ths wktb a`rokà kmohx

@sshsshs ohquày le vhmtkc`tklm Kmoka`ths qu`ckty le A^T

Qkjmkhs TLQA

A`rrkhs prljmlstka v`cuh elr survkv`c plst a`rokà `rrhst

_bhrh `rh ` muidhr le AL4ohthatlr ohvkahs `v`kc`dch6

k) Hslpb`jh`c ohthatlr ohvkah

kk) Hmo-tko`c AL4(HtAL

4) ohthatlr ohvkah

kkk) Okspls`dch a`clrkihtrka HtAL4ohthatlr

kv) Almtkmulus okjkt`c HtAL4

ohthatlr ohvkah

v) Almtkmulus w`vhelri HtAL4a`pmljr`pby

Alipcka`tklms le Hmoltràbh`c Kmtud`tklm

Ourkmj

kmtud`tklm

Byplxk` erli tbh prlahourh ktshce, hslpb`jh`c kmtud`tklm `mo/lr

c`rymjlsp`si mo drlmablsp`si

Byphrthmsklm/byplthmsklm, tàbya`rok`/dròya`rok` `mo

`rrbytbik`s erli/p`r`syip`tbhtka/syip`tbhtka rhsplmsh

k kv v


33/74


_rùi` tl thhtb, ckps, tlmjuh, iuals`, vla`c alros, tràbh`

Uliktkmj `mo `spkr`tklm

Qpkm`c alro trùi` km ahrvka`c spkmh kmfury

@rythmlko okscla`tklm bl`rshmhss

Zbhm H__

km-sktu

Ikjr`tklm tl drlmabus/hslpb`jus

Ldstruatklm erli gkmgkmj, sharhtklms lr lvhr-kmec`tklm le auee

Oksalmmhatklm erli drh`tbkmj akraukt

@aakohmt`c hxtud`tklm/H__ oksclojhihmt

Qkmusktks lr ltktks lr m`s`c ucahr km prlclmjho m`s`c kmtud`tklm

Ckp ucahr km prlclmjho lr`c kmtud`tklm

Ourkmj hxtud`tklm6 C`rymjlsp`si

Hohi` le upphr `krw`y

ûcilm`ry spkr`tklm

@ethr

Hxtud`tklm

Qlrh tbrl`t

Bl`rshmhss

Clmj _hriQudjclttka sthmlsks

Ula`c alro jr`mucli`

C`rymjh`c jr`mucli`

Uhmtkc`tklm wktb `m @ov`maho @krw`y mo Abhst Aliprhssklm

Zbhm ` a`rokà `rrhst p`tkhmt b`s `m òv`maho `krw`y km pcàh ourkmj A^T, tbhrh ks ml ilrh ayacka`c

A^T (k.h. 1> aliprhssklm kmthrruptho dy pùshs elr 4 vhmtkc`tklms).

Abhst aliprhssklms rh ohckvhrho `t r`th le `t ch`st 0>> phr ikmuth

Uhmtkc`tklms `rh ohckvhrho t 2 tl 0> phr ikmuth (0 vhmtkc`tklm hvhry 5-2 shalmos)

Uhmtkc`tlr mo aliprhsslr sbluco swktab rlch hvhry 4 ikmuths tl prhvhmt aliprhsslr e`tkjuh mo

ohthrklr`tklm km tbh qu`ckty le A^T

Ikmkikzh kmthrruptklms km abhst aliprhssklms @vlko hxahsskvh vhmtkc`tklms (tll i`my drh`tbs lr tll c`rjh vlcuih). @ clwhr r`th mo fust ohqu`th

tko`c vlcuih vhmtkc`tklm ks rhaliihmoho tl vlko byphrvhmtkc`tklm mo lvhr-km`tklm le tbh cumjs.


34/74


_habmkquh le _ràbhldrlmabk`c Quatklmkmj6

Qthp 0 @cw`ys prhlxyjhm`th wktb 0>>% L

4elr 1-8 ikmuths tl rhouah rksg

le byplxk` `mo `rrbytbik`s

Qthp 4 Xskmj sthrkch thabmkquh, tbh suatklm a`tbhthr ks kmshrtho wktblut

aclskmj tbh skoh lphmkmj km tbh prlxki`c hmo le tbh a`tbhthr

Qthp 1 _bh suatklm a`tbhthr ks ov`maho tl tbh ohskrho cla`tklm wbkab ks

`pprlxki`thcy `t tbh chvhc le tbh a`rkm` wbhrh tràbh` dkeura`ths

Qthp ? Quatklm ks ppckho kmthriktthmtcy dy aclskmj tbh skoh lphmkmj wbkch

tbh a`tbhthr ks wktbor`wm wktb ` rlt`tkmj iltklm

Qthp 8 Ckikt our`tklm le suatklmkmj tl 0>-08 shalmos. Ke `rrbytbik`s laaur,

kiihok`thcy oksalmtkmuh suatklmkmj `mo i`mu`ccy d`j p`tkhmt wktb L4

Qthp 5 ^rklr tl rhph`tkmj tbh prlahourh, p`tkhmt sbluco dh vhmtkc`tho wktb

0>>% L4elr `dlut 1> shalmos.

^lkmt tl mlth6Km p`tkhmt wktb hchv`tho kmtràr`mk`c prhssurh (h.j. bhò kmfury), thiplr`ry byphrvhmtkc`tklmdhelrh `mo èthr suatklmkmj i`y dh kmoka`tho

_ràbhldrlmabk`c Quatklmkmj

Quatklm A`tbhthr

Qkzh (EJ) 9 H__ kmthrm`c okìhthr (ii) x 1/4 lr luthr okìhthr sbluco mlt hxahho 0/4 tl 4/1

H__ kmthrm`c okìhthr Ikmki`c trùi` tl iuals` wktb ilcoho hmos `mo skoh blchs

Clmj hmlujb tl p`ss tbrlujb tkp le H__

Ikmki`c erkatklm rhskst`mah ourkmj kmshrtklm tbrlujb H__

Qthrkch mo okspls`dch

Quatklm rhssurh

0>> tl-04>iiBj (òucts) 2> tl-0>>iiBj (abkcorhm) 5> tl-2> iiBj (kme`mts)

Alipcka`tklms le _ràbhldrlmabk`c Quatklmkmj6

Quoohm shvhrh byplxk`, shalmo`ry tl oharh`sh km eumatklm`c rhskou`c a`pàkty ourkmj tbh

`ppcka`tklm le mhj`tkvh prhssurh km tbh tràbh`

A`rokà `rrhst ke shvhrh byplxk`

Kmarh`sh km kmtr`-`rthrk`c prhssurh mo tàbya`rok` ouh tl syip`tbhtka rhsplmsh tl suatklm


35/74


Zb`t ks Ohdrkcc`tklm-8> is ethr sblag ohckvhry-tbh bh`rt ks stummho mo

blpheuccy tbh skml-`trk`c (Q@) mloh wkcc t`gh lvhr

@kis tl rhstlrh skmus rbytbi _ypka`ccy ohmho s tbh thrikm`tklm le vhmtrkauc`r drkcc`tklm (UE) elr `t ch`st 8 èthr tbh sblag.

Qblag suaahss uskmj tbks ohmktklm olhs mlt hqu`c tl rhsusakt`tklm lutalih

Lmcy elr UE lr pucshchss vhmtrkauc`r tàbya`rok` (U_) wbhrh ` skmjch sblag ks jkvhm elcclwho

kiihok`thcy dy abhst aliprhssklm wktblut `my pucsh abhag lr rbytbi rh`m`cysks èthr ` sblag

_bh Kiplrt`mah le H`rcy Ohdrkcc`tklm

H`rcy ohdrkcc`tklm ks arktka`c tl survkv`c erli suoohm a`rokà `rrhst (QA@) elr tbh elcclwkmj rh`slms6

0) Ilst erhquhmt kmktk`c rbytbi km lut-le-blspkt`c wktmhssho QA@ ks UE

4) _rh`tihmt elr UE ks ohdrkcc`tklm

1) _bh prld`dkckty le suaahsseuc ohdrkcc`tklm okikmksbhs r`pkocy lvhr _kih

?) UE thmos tl ohthrklr`th tl `systlch lvhr tkih

Elr hvhry ikmuth tb`t p`sshs dhtwhhm alcc`psh `mo ohdrkcc`tklm, survkv`c r`ths erli wktmhssho UE

QA@ oharh`sh :% tl 0>% ke ml A^T ks prlvkoho. Zbhm dyst`mohr A^T ks prlvkoho, tbh oharh`sh km

survkv`c r`ths ks ilrh jròu`c `mo `vhr`jhs 1% tl ?% phr ikmuth erli alcc`psh tl ohdrkcc`tklm.

A^T prlclmjs UE, ohc`ys tbh lmsht le `systlch `mo hxthmos tbh wkmolw le tkih ourkmj wbkabohdrkcc`tklm a`m laaur. D`ska A^T `clmh, blwhvhr, ks umckghcy tl thrikm`th UE `mo rhstlrh `

phreuskmj rbytbi.

Ohdrkcc`tlrs

Ilohrm ohdrkcc`tlrs `rh ac`sskho àalrokmj tl 4 typhs le w`vhelris6 ilmlpb`ska `mo dkpb`ska.

Ilmlpb`ska w`vhelri ohdrkcc`tlrs whrh kmtrlouaho rst, dut dkpb`ska w`vhelris `rh usho km `cilst

`cc @utli`tho Hxthrm`c Ohdrkcc`tlrs (@HOs) mo slih i`mu`c ohdrkcc`tlrs slco tlo`y. Hmhrjy chvhcsv`ry dy typh le ohvkah `mo i`mueàturhr.

ab`pthr 8Ohdrkcc`tklm `mo Qèhty


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Ilmlpb`ska Z`vhelri Ohdrkcc`tlrs

Ohckvhr aurrhmt le lmh plc`rkty (k.h. okrhatklm le aurrhmt lw)

A`thjlrkzho dy tbh r`th `t wbkab tbh aurrhmt pucsh oharh`shs tl zhrl6

- Ilmlpb`ska oìpho skmuslko`c w`vhelri (IOQ) aurrhmt rhturms tl zhrl jròu`ccy

- Ilmlpb`ska truma`tho hxplmhmtk`c w`vhelri (I_H) aurrhmt rhturms `druptcy (truma`tho) tl zhrl

Dkpb`ska Z`vhelri Ohdrkcc`tlrs

Hqukv`chmt lr bkjbhr heaày elr thrikm`tklm le UE wbhm alip`rho wktb ilmlpb`ska w`vhelris

Okeehrhmt dkpb`ska w`vhelris b`vh mlt dhhm alip`rho wktb rhj`ro tl heaày

Xsh tbh i`mueàturhrs rhaliihmoho hmhrjy olsh (04> tl 4>>F). Ke tbh i`mueàturhrs

rhaliihmoho olsh ks mlt gmlwm, ohdrkcc`th `t 4>>F, tbh i`xki`c olsh

^rhp`rkmj _bh ^`tkhmt

Hchatrloh/^òoch Qkzh

Ikmkiui 08> ai4, 2 tl 04 ai km okìhthr elr dltb b`mobhco pòoch hchatrlohs mo shce-òbhskvh

pò hchatrlohs `ctblujb ohdrkcc`tklm suaahss i`y dh bkjbhr wktb hchatrlohs 04 ai km okìhthr

r`tbhr tb`m wktb tblsh 2 ai km okìhthr

Qi`cc hchatrlohs (?.1ai) b`rieuc `mo i`y aùsh iyla`rok`c mharlsks

Hchatrka/^òoch elrah

2gj km òuct

8gj km 0-2yh`rs wbhm uskmj òuct pòochs

_r`mstblràka Kipho`mah

Xsh jhc pòs lr hchatrloh pòochs lr shce-òbhskvh pòs tl rhouah tr`mstblràka kipho`mah. _bh`vhr`jh òuct bui`m kipho`mah ks :> tl 2> . Zbhm tr`mstblràka kipho`mah ks tll bkjb, `

clw-hmhrjy sblag wkcc mlt jhmhr`th sueakhmt aurrhmt tl àbkhvh ohdrkcc`tklm

Hchatrloh/^òoch ^càhihmt

A`m dh `t `mthrl-c`thr`c, `mthrl-plsthrklr, `mthrklr-chet kmer`sa`puc`r `mo `mthrklr-rkjbt

kmer`sa`puc`r cla`tklms lm tbh abhst/dàg. @cc tbhsh ? plsktklms `rh hqu`ccy heehatkvh. Elr h`sh le

pcàhihmt `mo houa`tklm, `mthrlc`thr`c ks ` rh`slm`dch oheùct hchatrloh pcàhihmt.

Hmsurh tb`t tbh pòoch mo jhc lr pòs `rh km eucc almtàt wktb tbh sgkm Qphak`c almskohr`tklms6


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Drh`sts

- ^càh c`thr`c pòs/pòochs umohr drh`st tkssuh

- Ilvh phmouclus drh`sts jhmtcy lut le tbh w`y

Zht Abhst

- Drksgcy wkph tbh abhst ory dhelrh `ttàbkmj hchatrloh pòs `mo `tthiptkmj ohdrkcc`tklm

Bkrsutksi

- Qb`vh bkrsuth i`chs prklr tl `ppcka`tklm le pòs

- Thilvh hxahss abhst b`kr dy drksgcy rhilvkmj m hchatrloh pò (wbkab wkcc rhilvh slih b`kr)

lr dy r`pkocy sb`vkmj tbh abhst km tb`t `rh`

@utli`tho Kipc`mtho A`roklvhrthr Ohdrkcc`tlr

- @vlko pcàkmj tbh pòs lr pòochs lvhr tbh ohvkah s tbhrh ks plthmtk`c elr pàhi`ghr lr KAO

tl i`ceumatklm èthr ohdrkcc`tklm wbhm tbh pòs `rh km aclsh prlxkikty tl tbh ohvkah

- Xsh `mthrl-plsthrklr `mo `mthrl-c`thr`c cla`tklms

^rhshmah le _r`msohri`c Ihoka`tklm ^`tab (hj p`tab almt`kmkmj mktrljcyahrkm,

mkaltkmh,`m`cjhskas, blrilmh rhpcàhihmt, `mtk-byphrthmskvhs)

- Ol mlt pcàh hchatrlohs lvhr tr`msohri`c ihoka`tklm p`tab wbkab i`y dclag ohckvhry le hmhrjy

erli tbh hchatrloh pò tl tbh bh`rt `mo i`y aùsh si`cc durms tl tbh sgkm

- Thilvh ihoka`tklm p`tab mo wkph tbh `rh dhelrh tt abkmj tbh hchatrloh pò ke ohdrkcc tklm ks mhhoho

Qèhty Kssuhs

Ekrh

Kjmktho dy sp`rgs erli pllrcy ppckho ohdrkcc tlr p oochs km tbh prhshmah le m lxyjhm-hmrkabho tilspbhrh

@vlko ohdrkcc`tklm km `m lxyjhm-hmrkabho `tilspbhrh

Xsh shce-òbhskvh ohdrkcc`tklm pòs

Hmsurh jllo pòabhst-w`cc almtàt

Ke i`mu`c pòochs `rh usho, jhc pòs `rh prhehr`dch tl hchatrloh p`sths `mo jhcs dhaùsh tbh

p`sths `mo jhcs a`m sprhò dhtwhhm tbh 4 pòochs, arh`tkmj tbh plthmtk`c elr ` sp`rg

@aakohmt`c Hchatrlautklm

Ab`rjh pòochs èthr dhkmj pcàho lm p`tkhmts abhst r`tbhr tb`m prklr tl dhkmj t`ghm lut erli tbh

ohdrkcc`tlr

Hmsurh tb`t mlmh le tbh rhsauhr thì ihidhrs ks km almtàt wktb p`tkhmt/vkatki/rhsusakt`tklm

trlcchy prklr tl ohdrkcc`tlr oksab`rjh

Qèhty `mo Ach`rkmj _bh ^`tkhmt

@cw`ys `mmlumah tb`t ` sblag ks `dlut tl dh ohckvhrho

^hrelri ` vksu`c abhag i`gkmj surh ml lmh ks km almtàt wktb tbh p`tkhmt

Ach`r tbh p`tkhmt `mo rhsauhrs dhelrh hàb sblag


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I`gh surh tb`t ml lxyjhm ks lwkmj àrlss tbh p`tkhmts abhst lr lphmcy àrlss tbh hchatrloh pòs

A`rry lut tbh dlvh sthps qukagcy tl ikmkikzh tbh tkih erli tbh c`st aliprhssklm tl sblag ohckvhry

@m Hxìpch6

Lmh K Ach`r (Abhag tl i`gh surh ylu b`vh ml almtàt wktb tbh p`tkhmt, tbh trlcchy lr ltbhr hqukpihmt)

_wl, [lu Ach`r. (Abhag tl i`gh surh tb`t ml lmh ks tluabkmj tbh p`tkhmt. Ml lmh kmacuohs prlvkohrs phrelrikmj abhst

aliprhssklms, st`rtkmj KUs, kmshrtkmj a`tbhthrs, lr phrelrikmj vhmtkc`tklm `mo `krw`y i`kmthm`mah)

_brhh, Hvhrydloy Ach`r. (^hrelri ` vksu`c abhag tl i`gh surh ml lmh b`s almtàt wktb tbh p`tkhmt lr trlcchy)

_bhsh sthps `rh suii`rkzho dhclw6

0 @ttàb hchatrlohs tl p`tkhmts abhst

4 _urm ohdrkcc`tlr lm shchat chòs

1 @m`cysh tbh rbytbi< sblag`dch

? @ppcy alupckmj jhmt lr pòs tl p`tkhmts abhst

8 Qhchat hmhrjy chvhc

5 @ppcy pòochs tl abhst

: Ab`rjh tbh pòochs

2 _bh Ach`rab`mt

; Abhag ilmktlr `j`km

0> Oksab`rjh sblag `mo rhturm tbh pòochs tl tbh iàbkmh


39/74


Qymabrlmkzho A`roklvhrsklm

@ sblag ohckvhry tb`t ks tkiho (symabrlmkzho) wktb tbh PTQ alipchx

@vlkos sblag ohckvhry ourkmj tbh rhc tkvh rher atlry plrtklm le tbh a rok a ayach wbhm sblag aluco prlouah UE

Xsh le Qymabrlmkzho A`roklvhrsklm

Kmoka tho km bhiloymìka ccy umst dch p tkhmt (clw dcllo prhssurh) wktb phreuskmj rbytbi (pucsh prhshmt)

Thaliihmoho km supr`vhmtrkauc`r tàbya`rok` ouh tl rh-hmtry, trk`c drkcc`tklm,`trk`c utthr, mo

`trk`c tàbya`rok`

Thaliihmoho km ilmlilrpbka U_ wktb pucshs

Mlt heehatkvh elr trh`tihmt le fumatklm`c tàbya`rok` lr iuctkela`c `trk`c tàbya`rok`

Kmktk`c Thaliihmoho Hmhrjy Chvhc elr Qymabrlmkzho A`roklvhrsklm

M`rrlw Thjuc`r6 8>-0>>F

M`rrlw Krrhjuc`r604>-4>> dkpb`ska lr 4>>F ilmlpb`ska

Zkoh Thjuc`r60>>F

Zkoh Krrhjuc`r6 ohdrkcc`tklm (ML_ symabrlmkzho, 15>F ilmlpb`ska lr 04>-4>>F dkpb`ska)

Qupr`vhmtrkauc`r _àbya`rok`s (Th-hmtry Tbytbis)

A`roklvhrsklm le @ouct @trk`c Ekdrkcc`tklm6

Kmktk`c hmhrjy olsh- dkpb`ska 04> tl 4>>F lr ilmlpb`ska 4>>F

Ke tbh kmktk`c sblag e`kcs, kmarh`sh tbh olsh km ` sthpwksh e`sbklm

A`roklvhrsklm le @ouct @trk`c Ecutthr `mo Ltbhr Qupr`vhmtrkauc`r _ abya`rok`s6

Kmktk`c hmhrjy olsh- 8> tl 0>>F lethm sueakhmt

Ke tbh kmktk`c sblag e`kcs, kmarh`sh tbh olsh km ` sthpwksh e`sbklm

Uhmtrkauc`r _ abya`rok` (U_)

ûcshchss U_

- _rh`t `s UE

Xmst`dch ^lcyilrpbka (Krrhjuc`r) U_ Zktb lr Zktblut ` ucsh

- _rh`t `s UE uskmj ohdrkcc`tklm olshs)

Xmst`dch Ilmlilrpbka (Thjuc`r) U_ Zktb ` ûcsh

- _rh`t wktb ilmlpb`ska lr dkpb`ska w`vhelri a`roklvhrsklm (symabrlmkzho) `t `m kmktk`c

hmhrjy olsh le 0>>F. Ke tbh kmktk`c sblag e`kcs, kmarh`sh tbh olsh km ` sthpwksh e`sbklm.


40/74


^lkmts tl gmlw6Qymabrlmkzho a`roklvhrsklm ks prhehrrho elr trh`tihmt le `m lrj`mkzho vhmtrkauc`r rbytbi.

Blwhvhr, elr slih `rrbytbik`s, tbh i`my PTQ almjur`tklms `mo krrhjuc`r r`ths tb`taliprksh plcyilrpbka vhmtrkauc`r tàbya`rok` i`gh kt okeauct lr kiplsskdch tl rhck`dcy

symabrlmkzh tl PTQ alipchx. Ke tbhrh ks `my oludt wbhtbhr ilmlilrpbka lr plcyilrpbka

U_ ks prhshmt km tbh umst`dch p`tkhmt, ol mlt ohc`y sblag ohckvhry tl phrelri oht`kcho

rbytbi `m`cysks-prlvkoh bkjb hmhrjy umsymabrlmkzho sblags (k.h. ohdrkcc`tklm olshs,

15>F ilmlpb`ska lr 04>-4>>F dkpb`ska).

^àkmj

Mlt rhaliihmoho elr p`tkhmts km `systlcka a`rokà `rrhst `s kt ks mlt heehatkvh `mo i`y ohc`y lr

kmthrrupt tbh ohckvhry le abhst aliprhssklms

Kt ks rh`slm`dch elr bh`ctba`rh prlvkohrs tl dh prhp`rho tl kmktk`th pàkmj km p`tkhmts wbl ol mlt rhsplmo

tl `trlpkmh (lr shalmo-ckmh orujs ke tbhsh ol mlt ohc`y ohmktkvh i`m`jhihmt). Kiihok`th pàkmj

ikjbt dh almskohrho ke tbh p`tkhmt ks shvhrhcy syiptli`tka. Ke tbh p`tkhmt olhs mlt rhsplmo tl orujs lr

tr`msaut`mhlus pàkmj, tr`msvhmlus pàkmj ks prld`dcy kmoka`tho.

Quii`ry

_bh rhaliihmo`tklms elr hchatrka`c tbhr`pkhs ohsarkdho km tbks shatklm rh ohskjmho tl kiprlvh survkv`c

erli QA@ `mo ckeh tbrh`thmkmj `rrbytbik`s. Zbhmhvhr ohdrkcc`tklm ks `tthiptho, rhsauhrs iust

allrokm`th bkjb-qu`ckty A^T wktb ohdrkcc`tklm tl ikmkikzh kmthrruptklms km abhst aliprhssklms mo tl

hmsurh kiihok`th rhsuiptklm le abhst aliprhssklms ethr sblag ohckvhry.


41/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c?>

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th =0>> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c `mo ^ elr hvhry PTQ alipchx

Tbytbi Qkmus

^ Z`vh ^rhshmt

Qkmus _`abya`rok`

ab`pthr 5@CQ Alrh HAJ Tbytbis

`mo Thaljmktklm

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c `mo m`rrlw

Tbytbi Thjuc`r skmus wktb `trk`c hatlpka dh`t

^ Z`vh Mlri`c ^ w`vh wktb prhshmah le hatlpka trk`c dh`t

@trk`c Hatlpka


42/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c ?0

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Zkoh r`mjh le vhmtrkach rhsplmsh

PTQ Alipchx ^rhshmt

Tbytbi Krrhjuc`r

^ Z`vh Ab`ltka `trk`c drkcc`tlry w`vhs

@trk`c Ekdrkcc`tklm

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th @trk`c r`th 0>> tl 18> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx ^rhshmt

Tbytbi

Thjuc`r

Uhmtrkauc`r rbytbi lethm rhjuc`r

Qht r`tkl `trk`c rbytbi h.j. 4 tl 0

^ Z`vhMl truh ^ w`vhs

Ecutthr w`vhs km s`wtlltb p`tthrm

@trk`c Ecutthr


43/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c?4

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th @trk`c r`th 04> tl 08> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c `mo M`rrlw

Tbytbi Thjuc`r

^ w`vh Qhcoli shhm ouh tl r pko r th dha`ush p w`vh bkoohm km prhahokmj _ w`vhs

@aahsslry Ihok`tho Qupr`vhmtrkauc`r _ abya`rok`

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th 35> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c

Tbytbi Thjuc`r Qkmus

^ Z`vh Mlri`c, hvhry ^ w`vh elcclwho dy PTQ alipchx

Qkmus Dr`oya`rok`


44/74


Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th



^ Z`vh Mlri`c, hvhry ^ w`vh elcclw dy PTQ alipchx

^T ^rlclmjho = >.4> shalmo `mo xho

Ekrst-Ohjrhh @U Dclag

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th



^ Z`vh ^ w`vh mlt elcclwho dy PTQ alipchx

^T ^rljrhsskvh chmjtbhmkmj le T kmthrv`c laaurs erli ayach tl ayach,

tbhm lmh ^ w`vh ks mlt elcclwho dy PTQ alipchx -orlppho dh`t

Qhalmo-Ohjrhh @U Dclag Ilrdktz _yph K (Zhmghd`ab)


45/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c??

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th @trk`c r`th 5> tl 0>> phr ikmuth, oksslak`tho erli vhmtrkach r th

Uhmtrkach r`th ohphmo lm r`th le vhmtrkach hsa`ph dh`ts

PTQ Alipchx M`rrlw kipckhs bkjb dclag rhc`tkvh tl @U mloh

Zkoh kipckhs clw dclag rhc`tkvh tl @U mloh

Tbytbi @trk`c `mo vhmtrkauc`r r`th rhjuc`r dut kmohphmohmtcy oksslak`tho

^ Z`vh Mlri`c

_bkro-Ohjrhh @U

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Xsu`ccy 5> tl 0>> phr ikmuth


(Zkoh PTQ alipchx kipckhs clw dclag rhc`tkvh tl @U mloh)

Tbytbi @trk`c rhjuc`r, vhmtrkauc`r krrhjuc`r

^ Z`vh Qlih ^ w`vh mlt elcclwho dy PTQ alipchx

^T Almst`mt `mo sht, ml prljrhsskvh prlclmj`tklm

Qhalmo-Ohjrhh @U Dclag Ilrdktz _yph KK


46/74


Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th wktb prhshmah le vhmtrkauc`r hatlpkas

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c PTQ alipchxhs wktb prhshmah le skmjch drl`o PTQ alipchx

Tbytbi Qkmus r`th wktb krrhjuc`r vhmtrkauc`r r`th

^ Z`vh ^rhshmt dhelrh mlri`c PTQ alipchx

Uhmtrkach Hatlpkas

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th wktb prhshmah le vhmtrkauc`r hatlpka

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c PTQ alipchxhs wktb `cthrm`tkmj drl`o PTQ alipchxhs

Tbytbi Qkmus r`th wktb `cthrm`tkmj vhmtrkauc`r r`th


Uhmtrkach Dkjhikmy


47/74


Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Qkmus r`th

PTQ Alipchx Mlri`c PTQ alipchxhs wktb prhshmah le drl`o PTQ alipchxhs km

Alupcht

Tbytbi Qkmus r`th wktb krrhjuc`r vhmtrkauc`r r`th


Alupcht

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th =0>> phr ikmuth, typka`ccy 04> tl 48> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Zkoh mo dkz`rrh, UA ckgh alipchxhs =>.04 shalmo

Tbytbi Thjuc`r vhmtrkauc`r r`th

^ Z`vh Qhcoli shhm dut prhshmt

Eusklm Dh`ts Laa`sklm`c ab`mah a`pturh le ` almouatho w`vh Thsuctkmj PTQ bydrko alipchx, p rt mlri`c mo p`rt vhmtrkach

Mlmsust`kmho U_ C`st 31> shalmos

Ilmlilrpbka U_


48/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c ?:

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th 08> tl 48> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Okspc`y ac`sska spkmoch-mloh p`tthrm

Tbytbi Krrhjuc`r vhmtrkauc`r rbytbi

^ Z`vh Mlm-hxksthmt

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th 08> tl 48> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx PTQ sblwho almtkmu`ccy ab`mjkmj le `xks (bhmah turmkmj le plkmt)

P_ Kmthrv`c ^rlclmjho

Tbytbi Krrhjuc`r vhmtrkauc`r rbytbi

^ Z`vh Mlm-hxksthmt

^lcyilrpbka U_

_lrs`ohs Oh ^lkmths


49/74


Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th 08> tl 1>> phr ikmuth

PTQ Alipchx Xm`dch tl ohthrikmh7 ml rhaljmkz`dch , PTQ lr _ w`vhs

Tbytbi Kmohthrikm`th

@ipcktuoh

A`m dh ohsarkdho `s

mh (ph`g tl trlujb 4 tl 3 8 ii),

lr ihokui (8 tl 3 0> ii)

lr al`rsh (0> tl 308 ii)

lr vhry al`rsh (= 08 ii)

Ohmkmj Arkthrk`

T`th Ml vhmtrkach `atkvkty

PTQ Alipchx Ml ohhatklm shhm

Tbytbi Ml vhmtrkach `atkvkty

Uhmtrkauc`r Ekdrkcc`tklm

@systlch


50/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c ?;

@orhm`ckmh

@trlpkmh

Kmtrlouatklm

M`tur`ccy laaurrkmj a`tbhablcìkmhs wktb`cpb` `mo dht` heehats

@oikmkstr`tklm km a`rokà rrhst wkcc aùshkmthmsh v`slalmstrkatklm (`cpb` orhmhrjka

àtklm) `mo okvhrt a`rokà lutput tl vkt`clrj`m suab `s dr`km `mo bh`rt

A`m kiprlvh TLQA ctblujb ml okeehrhmahkm survkv`c (Thtrlsphatkvh stuoy)

Eàkckt`th ohekdrkcc`tklm dy kiprlvkmjiyla`rok`c dcllo lw ourkmj A^T

Kmoka`tklms

A`rokà `rrhst6 _bh rst oruj tl dh usho km a`rokà `rrhst le wb`thvhr aùsh Qyiptli`tka dròya`rok`6

A`m dh almskohrho èthr `trlpkmh `s `m`cthrm`tkvh kmeusklm tl olpìkmh

Qhvhrh byplthmsklm @m`pbyc`xks

Kmtrlouatklm

@m `mtkablckmhrjka jhmt @mt`jlmkshs tbh àtklm le tbh

p`r`syip`tbhtka mhurltr`msiktthràhtycablckmh `t iusa`rkmka rhahptlrs._bhrhelrh, kt dclags tbh heehat le tbh

v`jus mhrvh lm dltb tbh skml-`trk`c (Q@)mloh `mo tbh `trkl-vhmtrkauc`r (@U)mloh, kmarh`skmj skmus ùtli`tkakty `moeàkckt`tkmj @U mloh almouatklm

Olsh `mo @oikmkstr`tklm

Elr A`rokà @rrhst

KU/KL6 0ij (0>ic le 060>>>> slcutklm),òikmksthrho hvhry 1-8ikmuths elcclwho

dy 4>ic usb Bkjbhr olsh6 Qphaka kmoka`tklm lmcy suab

`s dht` dclaghr lr a`cakui ab`mmhc dclaghrlvhrolsh. A`m ush up tl >.4ij/gj

Kmeusklm6 Kmeusklm r`th le 0j/ikm tktr`thotl heehats (typka`ccy 4-0>j/ikmuth)

Ke KU/KL ks okeauct tl hst`dcksb, òrhm`ckmha`m dh jkvhm tbrlujb H__ t olsh le 4-4.8ij

Elr ^rlelumo Dròya`rok` lr Byplthmsklm

Kmeusklm t 4-0>j/ikmuth, tktr`tho tl rhsplmsh

@ovhrsh Heehats `mo ^rhaùtklms

Byphrthmsklm èthr rhsusakt`tklm _àby`rrbytbik`s _kssuh mharlsks ke hxtr`v`s`tklm laaurs

Elcclwkmj TLQA, hvhm si`cc olshs leòrhm ckmh (8>-0>>j) i`y kmouah tàbya`rok`,iyla`rok`c ksab`hik`, U_ `mo UE. Ke eurtbhrolsh ks rhqukrho, kt iust dh tktr`tho a`rheuccy tlàbkhvh `m `pprlprk`th dcllo prhssurh


_bh rhaliihmoho olsh elr dròya`rok` ks>.8ij KU hvhry 1 tl 8 ikmuths tl ` i`xtlt`c olsh le 1ij

Olshs le `trlpkmh suce`th le 3 >.8ij i`yp`ròlxka`ccy rhsuct km eurtbhr sclwkmj le

tbh bh`rt r`th @trlpkmh òikmkstr`tklm sbluco mlt ohc`yhxthrm`c pàkmj elr p`tkhmts wktb pllrphreusklm

ab`pthr :Orujs km Thsusakt`tklm


51/74


Kmtrlouatklm

Ekrst ckmh oruj elr syiptli`tka Dròya`rok` Lrj`mlpblspb`th plkslmkmj


Xsh `trlpkmh aùtkluscy km tbh prhshmahle àuth alrlm`ry ksabhik` lr IK7kmarh`sho bh`rt r`th i`y wlrshm ksabhik`

lr kmarh`sh kme`ratklm skzh. Zkcc mlt dh heehatkvh km kmer`mlo`c (typh KK)

@U dclag mo mhw tbkro-ohjrhh dclag wktbwkoh PTQ alipchxhs

@ohmlskmh

Kmtrlouatklm

M`tur`ccy laaurrkmj purkmh muachltkoh Qclws tr`msikssklm àrlss @U mloh dut

b`s ckttch heehat lm ltbhr iyla`rok`c ahccslr almouatklm p`tbw`ys

Bkjbcy heehatkvh elr thrikm`tkmjp`rlxysi`c QU_ wktb rh-hmtr`mt akrauktstb`t kmacuoh @U mloh (@UMT_)

Km ltbhr m`rrlw-alipchx tàbya`rok`s,òhmlskmh wkcc rhvh`c tbh umohrcykmj `trk`crbytbis dy sclwkmj tbh vhmtrkauc`r rhsplmsh

Kmoka`tklms

Ekrst oruj elr ilst elri le st`dch m`rrlw-alipchx QU_

Heehatkvh km thrikm`tkmj st dch m`rrlw-alipchx ^QU_ ouh tl rhhmtry kmvlcvkmj@U mloh lr skmus mloh

I`y dh almskohrho elr m`rrlw-alipchxrhhmtry tàbya`rok` wbkch prhp`rkmj elra`roklvhrsklm


Jkvh 5 ij òhmlskmh `s ` r`pko KU pusb

tbrlujb ` c`rjh (h.j. `mthaudkt`c) vhkmelcclwho dy ` 4>iC s`ckmh usb.

Ke umsuaahsseuc, tbks a`m dh elcclwho wktb uptl twl olshs hàb le 04ij hvhry 0-4 ikmuths

Qkoh Heehats `mo ^rhaùtklms

_r`mskhmt umpch`s`mt skoh heehats, km p`rtkauc`rmùsh`, usbkmj, mo abhst oksalielrt

Qbluco mlt dh jkvhm km p`tkhmt wktb stbi` Km Z^Z symorlih, dclag`jh le

almouatklm àrlss tbh @U mloh dy

òhmlskmh i`y prlilth almouatklm arlss`m àahsslry p`tbw`y

Km supr`vhmtrkauc`r `rrbytbik`s, tbks i`yaùsh ` o`mjhrluscy r`pko vhmtrkauc`rrhsplmsh. Kt i`y `csl prhakpkt`th `trk`cdrkcc`tklm `sslak`tho wktb ` o`mjhrluscyr`pko vhmtrkauc`r rhsplmsh.

C`rjhr olshs i`y dh rhqukrho elrp`tkhmts wktb ` skjmka`mt dcllo chvhc letbhlpbycckmh, aèehkmh, lr tbhldrlikmh

_bh kmktk`c olsh sbluco dh rhouaho tl 1ij km p`tkhmts t`gkmj okpyrkoìlch lr

a`rdì`zhpkmh, tblsh wktb tr`mspc`mthobh`rts, lr ke jkvhm dy ahmtr`c vhmlus àahss

@iklo`rlmh

Kmtrlouatklm

@m `mtk`rrbytbika wktb alipchxpb`riàlgkmhtkas mo pb`riàloymìkas

@at lm slokui, plt`sskui `mo a`cakuiab`mmhcs ^lshs `cpb` `mo dht`-òrhmhrjka dclagkmj

prlphrtkhs.


Elr rheràtlry UE/pucshchss U_ - KU/KL 1>>ij dlcus

(okcuth km 4>iC Ohxtrlsh 8% slcutklm) - A`m rhph`t km 1-8ikmuths, 08> ij


52/74


A`cakui

@ ihidr`mh-st`dkckskmj `mtk-`rrbytbikaoruj tb`t kmarh`shs tbh our`tklm le tbhàtklm plthmtk`c `mo rheràtlry phrklo km`trk`c `mo vhmtrkauc`r iyla`rokui

@ ikco mhj`tkvh kmltrlpka àtklm

Aùshs phrkpbhr`c v`slokc`tklm tbrlujbmlm-aliphtktkvh `cpb` dclagkmj heehats.@trklvhmtrkauc`r almouatklm ks sclwho,`mo ` skikc`r heehat ks shhm wktb àahsslryp`tbw`ys.

Kmoka`tklms

Theràtlry pucshchss U_/UE (dhtwhhm tbhtbkro `mo elurtb sblag wbhm rheràtlry tlohdrkcc`tlry sblag `mo v`slprhsslr)

Qt`dch `mo umst`dch tàby`rrbytbik`s

Kmtrlouatklm

Hsshmtk`c elr mhrvh `mo iusach àtkvkty ^c`ys vkt`c rlch km tbh ahccuc`r ihab`mksi

umohrcykmj iyla`rok`c almtràtklm Ml o`t` supplrtkmj `my dhmhak`c àtklm

elr a`cakui èthr a`rokà `rrhst Qlih stuokhs b`vh sujjhstho ` plsskdch

òvhrsh heehat wbhm jkvhm rlutkmhcyourkmj a`rokà `rrhst (`cc rbytbis)

Kmoka`tklms

Lmcy km ûcshchss Hchatrka`c @atkvkty aùsho dy

byphrg`c`hik` bypla`ca`hik` lvhrolsh le ab`mmhc dclaghr a`cakui

Elr umst`dch tàby`rrbytbik`s wbhrha`roklvhrsklm e`kcs 1R, 1>>ij KU lvhr 0>-4> ikmuths

Elr st`dch tàby`rrbytbik`s, 1>>ij KUlvhr 4>-5> ikmuths

Elr I kmthm`mah kmeusklm6 ;>> ij KU lvhr 4?b j


A`m aùsh byplthmsklm, dròya`rok` `mobh`rt dclag

_bh ovhrsh bhiloymìka heehats le tbh KUelriuc`tklm le ìklo`rlmh `rh `ttrkduthotl v`slàtkvh slcvhmts (plcyslrd`th 2> `modhmzyc `calblc)

Dhw`rh le àauiuc`tklms wktb iuctkpcholskmj (auiuc`tkvh olshs =4.4j `rh

`sslak`tho wktb byplthmsklm)


_bh kmktk`c olsh le 0> ic 0>% a`cakuiabclrkoh (5.2 iilc A`4+) i`y dh rhph`thoke mhahss`ry


A`cakui a`m sclw bh`rt r`th mo prhakpkt`th`rrbytbik`s

Km a`rokà `rrhst, a`cakui i`y dh jkvhm dyr`pko kmtr`vhmlus kmfhatklm

Km tbh prhshmah le ` splmt`mhlusakrauc`tklm jkvh kt sclwcy

Ol mlt jkvh a`cakui slcutklms mo slokuidka`rdlm`th skiuct`mhluscy vk` tbh sìhrluth

Ckjmla`kmh

Kmtrlouatklm

@at `s ` a`cakui ab`mmhc dclaghr

Kmoka`tklms

@cthrm`tkvh tl ìklo`rlmh km a`rokà`rrhst erli U_/UE

Qt`dch ilmlilrpbka U_ wktb prhshrvhovhmtrkauc`r eumatklm


A`rokà `rrhst erli U_/UE Kmktk`c olsh60-0.8ij/gj KU lr KL

Elr rheràtlry UE6 i`y jkvh òoktklm`colsh >.8->.:8ij/gj `mo rhph`t 8-0>ikmuths up tl 1 tkihs lr i`xki`c olsh le

1ij/gj


53/74


Olpìkmh

I`jmhskui

Kmtrlouatklm

@ abhika`c prhaurslr le mlròrhm`ckmhtb`t stkiuc`ths dltb `cpb` `mo dht`

òrhmhrjka rhahptlrs Km òoktklm, tbhrh `rh rhahptlrs sphaka

elr olpìkmh (O@0, O@4 olpìkmhrjkarhahptlrs)

Qtkiuc`ths tbh bh`rt tbrlujb dltb cp` modht`rhahptlrs

Dltb plthmt òrhmhrjka rhahptlr `jlmkst`mo ` strlmj phrkpbhr`c olpìkmh rhahptlr`jlmkst. _bhsh heehats `rh olsh ohphmohmt.

Kmoka`tklms

Qhalmo-ckmh oruj elr syiptli tka dròya rok Xsh elr byplthmsklm (systlcka D 3 :> tl 0>>ii Bj) wktb skjms `mo syiptlis le sblag

Kmtrlouatklm

@m hchatrlcyh kiplrt`mt elr i`kmt`kmkmj

ihidr`mh st`dkckty Bypli`jmhshik` a`m aùsh iyla`rok`cbyphrhxakt`dkckty hsphak`ccy km tbh prhshmahle byplg`chik` lr okjlxkm

Jkvhm elr bypli`jmhshik` `mo _lrsòhsoh plkmths

Kmsueakhmt hvkohmah tl rhaliihmo elr lr`j`kmst kts rlutkmh ush km a`rokà `rrhst

Kmoka`tklms

Thaliihmoho km a rok a rrhst lmcy ke _lrsòhsoh plkmths lr ke bypli`jmhshik` ks prhshmt

Ckeh tbrh`thmkmj vhmtrkauc`r `rrbytbik`souh tl okjkt`cks tlxkakty


Xsu`c kmeusklm r`th ks 4-4>j/gj/ikmuth`mo olsh tktr`tho àalrokmj tl rhsplmsh


A`m aùsh tàbya`rok`, byphrthmsklm A`m prhakpkt`th `rrbytbik`s I`y aùsh hxahsskvh systhika `mo

spc`mabmka v`slalmstrkatklm elr bkjbhrolsh (0>-4>j/gj/ikmuth)

Alrrhat byplvlchik` wktb vlcuihrhpcàhihmt dhelrh st`rtkmj lm olpìkmh

Xsh wktb aùtklm km a`rokljhmka sblagwktb àalip`mykmj ABE


A`rokà `rrhst ouh tl _lrsòhs oh plkmthslr bypli`jmhshik`6

0-4j okcutho km 0> iC O8% tl dh jkvhmlvhr 8-4> ikmuth

_lrsòhs oh plkmths wktb pucsh lr @IKwktb bypli`jmhshik`6

Clòkmj olsh le 0-4j ikxho wktb 8> iCO8% lvhr 8-5> ikmuth, elcclwho wktb >.8tl 0j/blur (tktr`th tl almtrlc _lrsòhs)


Laa`sklm`c e`cc km dcllo prhssurh wktbr`pko òikmkstr`tklm

Xsh wktb aùtklm ke rhm`c e`kcurh ks prhshmt


Km lvhrolsh kt a`m aùsh scurrho sphhab,`cthrho almsaklusmhss, iusach twktabkmj`mo shkzurh

Kt csl a`m aùsh byplthmsklm, dròya`rok`,bh`rt dclag `mo `sytlch


54/74


U`slprhsskm

Qlokui Dka`rdlm`th

Kmtrlouatklm

@ mlm-òrhmhrjka phrkpbhr`c v`slalmstrkatlr

Aùshs alrlm`ry mo rhm`c v`slalmstrkatklm Ml okeehrhmah km lutalih (TLQA,survkv`c tl oksab`rjh lr mhurlcljka`clutalih) wktb v`slprhsskm (?> umkts KU)vhrsus òrhm`ckmh 0 ij `s ` rst ckmhv`slprhsslr km a`rokà `rrhst (tbrhh TA_`mo iht`-`m`cysks le tbh trk`cs)

Kmoka`tklms

@s `m cthrm`tkvh prhsslr tl orhm`ckmh km tbhtrh`tihmt le rheràtlry UE lr pucshchss U_

I`ydh usheuc `s `cthrm`tkvh tl òrhm`ckmh

km ^H@ `mo `systlch

Kmtrlouatklm

@ strlmj `cg`ckmh `jhmt wktb bkjbslokui `mo dka`rdlm`th clò

Mlt rhaliihmoho elr rlutkmh ush kma`rokà `rrhst

Kmoka`tklms

Gmlwm prhxkstkmj byphrg`chik` Gmlwm prhhxkstkmj dka`rdlm`th rhsplmskvh

àkolsks h.j. 6 `spkrkm lvhrolsh, ok`dhtkaghtlàkolsks, trkayacka `mtkohprhss`mt lrala`kmh

^rlclmjho rhsusakt`tklm wktb heehatkvhvhmtkc`tklm. Xplm rhturm le splmt`mhlusakrauc`tklm èthr clmj `rrhst kmthrv`c

Mlt usheuc mlr heehatkvh km byphra`rdkaàkolsks (h.j. a`rokà `rrhst lr A^T)wktblut tràbh`c kmtud`tklm


Elr a`rokà `rrhst

?> umkts KU/KL i`y rhpcàh 0st lr 4moolsh le @orhm`ckmh


^lthmt phrkpbhr`c v`slalmstrkatlr. Kt i`yprhakpkt`th a`rokà ksab`hik` `mo `mjkm`


0 iHq/gj KU dlcus


I`y aùsh tkssuh mharlsks ke hxtr`v`s`tklmlaaurs

Ol mlt òikmksthr wktb sìh KU ckmh ushoelr v`slprhsslrs

@vlko ush wktb KU ckmh usho elr KUA`cakui


55/74


DCQ @ouct @cjlrktbi

ûsb b`ro `mo e`st

(`t ch`st 0>>/ikmuth)

@cclw alipchth abhst rhalkc

èthr hàb aliprhssklm

Ikmkikzh kmthrruptklms

0 ayach A^T 1>64 (4 ikmuth)

@vlko byphrvhmtkc`tklm

Qhaurh `krw`y `mo almri

pcàhihmt

Tlt`th aliprhsslr hvhry

4 ikmuths wktb rbytbi abhag

Qh`rab `mo trh`t elr rhvhrskdch

aùshs -8B `mo 8_

Byorljhm klmByplxk`

Bypltbhrik`

Byplvlchik`

Bypl/byphrg`chik`

_ìplmòh, a`rokà

_hmsklm pmhuiltblr`x

_brlidlsks, ûcilm`ry

_brlidlsks, Alrlm`ry

_lxkms

U sauc`r àahss (KU/KL)

Jkvh òrhm`ckmh hvhry 1-8 ikmuth

Ourkmj A^T

ab`pthr 2@CQ @cjlrktbis

MLTI@C

O`mjhr, XmThsplmskvh, Qblut elr rhsusakt`tklm

thì, @krw`y, Ml lr `dmlri`c Drh`tbkmj

A^T 1>64@ttàb ohekdrkcc`tlr/ilmktlr

Ikmkikzh kmthrruptklms

Tbytbi64 (4 ikmuths)

@vlko byphrvhmtkc`tklm

Qhaurh `krw`y `mo almekripcàhihmt

Tlt`th aliprhsslr hvhry

4 ikmuths wktb rbytbi abhag Qh`rab `mo trh`t elr

rhvhrskdch aùshs*

Almtkmuh A^T wbkch ohekdrkcc`tlr ks ab`rjkmjKe sblag`dch rbytbi, jkvh 0 sblagThsuih A^T kiihok`thcy ethr sblagZbhm KU/KL `v`kc`dch, ourkmj A^T (dhelrh lr èthr tbh sblag)

Jkvh @orhm ckmh 0ij KU/KL, rhph t hvhry 1-8 ikmuths, LT

Jkvh 0 olsh le v`slprhsslr ?>X KU/KL tl rhpcàh 0st

lr 4mo olsh le @orhm`ckmh

Almtkmuh A^T wbkch ohekdrkcc`tlr ks ab`rjkmjKe sblag`dch, jkvh 0 sblagThsuih A^T kiihok`thcy èthr sblagAlmskohr mtk-`rrbytbikas6 ourkmj A^T,

Jkvh @iklo`rlmh 1>> ij KU/KL, 08> ij shalmo olshAlmskohr i`jmhskui 0-4j KU/KL clòkmj olsh

elr _lrsòhs oh plkmths

Jkvh 0 sblag

I`mu`c dkpb`ska6 ohvkahsphakeka (04>-4>>F)

@HO6 ohvkah sphakeka

Ilmlpb`ska 15>F

Thsuih A^T kiihok`thcy

@CQ @ouct A`rokà @rrhst


57/74


Dròya`rok` (wktb pucsh) @cjlrktbi

@sshss uskmj tbh @DAO `pprlàb

Hmsurh lxyjhm jkvhm `mo ldt`km KU àahss

Ilmktlr HAJ, D , QpL , rhalro 04-chò HAJ

Kohmtkey `mo trh`t rhvhrskdch aùshs

(h.j. hchatrlcyth `dmlri`cktkhs)

Tksg le @systlch.8ij

yhs

yhs

yhs

ml

ml

Kmthrki ih`surhs6

@trlpkmh >.8 ij

KU, rhph`t tl

i`x 1 ij

Olpìkmh 4-0>

j/gj/ikmuth

@orhm`ckmh 4-0>

j/ikmuth

LT

_r`msaut`mhlus

pàkmj

Q`tkseàtlryThsplmsh, rhalro 04-chò HAJ

Kohmtkey `mo trh`t rhvhrskdch aùshs (h.j. hchatrlcyth `dmlri`cktkhs)

ks PTQm`rrlw

(3>.04 shalmo)-5>ikmuths7 ;>> ij lvhr 4?blurs

Ke prhvkluscy almekriho QU_wktb dumoch dr`mab dclag6

Jkvh @ohmlskmh `s elr rhjuc`rm`rrlw alipchx tàbya`rok`

yhs

yhs

yhs

yhs

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

Mlri`cskmus

rbytbirhstlrho


59/74


@sshss uskmj tbh @DAO pprlàb

Hmsurh lxyjhm jkvhm `mo ldt`km KU aahss Ilmktlr HAJ, D , QpL, rhalro 04-chò HAJ Kohmtkey mo trh`t rhvhrskdch aùshs

(h.j. hchatrlcyth dmlri`cktkhs)

@sshss elr hvkohmah le ovhrsh skjms60. Qblag4. Qymalph/@cthrho ihmt`c st`tus1. Iyla`rok`c ksab`hik`?. Bh`rt e`kcurh

@iklo`rlmh 1>> ij KU lvhr 0>-4> ikmuths Thph`t sblag Elcclwho dy @iklo`rlmh ;>> ij lvhr

4?blurs

Qt`dchiilc/C) `mo `vlko bypljcya`hik`

Qhkzurh almtrlc

I`kmthm`mah le ahrhdr`c phreusklm

_bhr`phutka bypltbhrik`

@ aliprhbhmskvh plst rhsusakt`tklm trh`tihmt prltlalc elr tbh i`m`jhihmt le p`tkhmts èthr a`rokà

`rrhst kmacuohs6

0. @krw`y

Hmsurh tb`t tbh `krw`y ks lphm, lxyjhm`tklm mo phreusklm rh òhqu`th

_ktr`th lxyjhm tl Q`L4;?-;5%

Almskohr òv`maho krw`y supplrt ke mlt kmstktutho

^lsktklm tbh umkmtud`tho p`tkhmt km tbh rhalvhry plsktklm tl prhvhmt `spkr`tklm

4. Bhiloymìkas/Akrauc`tklm

@cw`ys `sshss tbh b`hiloymìka st`tus le tbh p`tkhmt

Ilmktlr vkt`c skjms hvhry 8-08 ikmuths

Thplrt p`tkhmts prljrhss `t kmthriktthmt kmthrv`cs

Thplrt `my ohthrklr`tklm lr or`stka ab`mjhs kiihok`thcy

Zbhm rhsusakt`tklm ks prlclmjho, byplthmsklm ks aliilm elcclwkmj TLQA. Qbluco byplthmsklm

phrskst, olpìkmh tktr`tho tl i`kmt`km systlcka dcllo prhssurh le ;>iiBj ks tbh jhmt le ablkah

1. _bhr`phutka Bypltbhrik` Allc p`tkhmt tl 14-1?>A elr 04-4? blurs.


61/74


?. Mhurlcljy Qt`tus

@sshss p`tkhmts `dkckty tl rhsplmo tl vhrd`c lr p`kmeuc stkiuck

Abhag tbh iltlr rhsplmsh tl ohthat `my iltlr ohakt

Abhag tbh pupkcs skzh `mo rhàtklm

8. Oruj Kmeusklm Almskohr `mtk-`rrbytbikas tb`t b`vh dhhm heehatkvh ourkmj tbh rhsusakt`tklm s kmeusklms

Xsh kmeusklm puips tl hmsurh àaur`th ohckvhry

I`kmt`km `m àaur`th rhalro le `cc ukos jkvhm

5. Alrrhat @dmlri`cktkhs

@atkvhcy sh`rab mo alrrhat umohrcykmj dmlri`cktkhs wbkab i`y chò tl `rrhst

Aliilm `dmlri`cktkhs tb`t i`y rhqukrh alrrhatklm èthr tbh `rrhst kmacuoh hchatrlcyth

kid`c`mahs, byplx`hik` mo akolsks

Alrrhat jcualsh chvhc = 0>.>iilc/c `mo `vlko bypljcya`hik`

:. _r`msehr tl Kmthmskvh A`rh Xmkt (KAX) lr Alrlm`ry A`rh Xmkt (AAX)

I`gh kiihok`th `rr`mjhihmt tl tr`msehr tbh p`tkhmt tl KAX lr AAX ke tbh p`tkhmts almoktklm

rhi`kms arktka`c

^rklr tl tr`msehr, hmsurh tbh p`tkhmts almoktklm ks st`dkcksho `mo p`tkhmt t elr tr`msehr

2. Olauihmt`tklm le tbh Thsusakt`tklm

_bh rhsusakt`tklm rhalro ks `m hsshmtk`c aliplmhmt le `my rhsusakt`tklm heelrt

Kt prlvkohs olauihmt`tklm le tbh ckeh supplrt prlahourhs tb`t whrh phrelriho

_bh rhalro cclws us tl rhalmstruat tbh shquhmah le hvhmts wktb alrrhc`tklm le kmthrvhmtklms mo

rhsplmshs ourkmj tbh rhsusakt`tklm

_bh rhalro `csl `cclws tbh hv`cu`tklm le `pprlprk`thmhss le a`rh `mo eàkcktkhs

Quab olauihmt`tklm `cclws tbh hv`cu`tklm le `pprlprk`thmhss le a`rh `mo eàkcktkhs tbh

prlsphatkvh alcchatklm le o`t` elr ih`surkmj tbh lutalih `mo heehats le tr`kmkmj

Thc`tkvhs iust `cw`ys dh ghpt kmelriho

Quii`ry

@ethr ` suaahsseuc rhsusakt`tklm, kt ks aruak`c tb`t tbh p`tkhmts `krw`y, drh`tbkmj `mo akrauc`tklm `rh

shaurho mo st`dkckzho. B`hiloymìka mo mhurlcljka`c st`ths rh aclshcy ilmktlrho dhelrh mo ourkmj

tr`msehr tl KAX lr AAX. Thc`tkvhs iust `cw`ys dh ghpt kmelriho.


62/74


ab`pthr 0>

Htbka`c Kssuhs km

A`roklpucilm`ry

Thsusakt`tklm

Htbka`c Kssuhs km A`roklpucilm`ry Thsusakt`tklm

A`roklpucilm`ry rhsusakt`tklm ks a`rrkho lut tl prhshrvh ckeh. Blwhvhr, km ilst kmst`mahs, A^T ks

kmktk`tho wktblut almskohrkmj tbh eàt wbhtbhr kt ks olmh `j`kmst tbh wksbhs le tbh vkatki, eìkcy

ihidhrs lr ke `m òv`maho okrhatkvh hxksts.

Htbka`c prkmakpchs

Zbhm a`rkmj elr tblsh wbl mhho A^T, bh`ctba`rh prlvkohrs iust almskohr htbka`c, chj`c `mo auctur`c

eàtlrs. _bh ohaksklm tl kmktk`th lr almtkmuh rhsusakt`tkvh heelrt sbluco dh jukoho dy gmlwchojh,

kmokvkou`c p`tkhmt lr surrlj`th prhehrhmahs, cla`c `mo chj`c rhqukrhihmts.

_bhrh `rh 8 kiplrt`mt `sphats le htbka`c prkmakpchs tb`t jlvhrm tbh ohaksklm elr rhsusakt`tklm6

0) @utlmliy6

Tkjbt le p`tkhmt tl àahpt lr rheush tbhr`py. @ppckho tl tblsh wbl b`s ohaksklm-i`gkmj a`pàkty

umchss ltbhrwksh `s ohac`rho dy ` alurt le c`w

4) Dhmhahmah6

Dhmht prlvkoho tl p`tkhmt wbkch d`c`makmj rksgs `mo dhmhts

1) Mlm i`chahmah6

Olkmj ml b`ri lr eurtbhr b`ri

?) Fustkah6

Hqu`c okstrkdutklm le ckiktho bh`ctb rhslurahs `mo ke rhsusakt`tklm ks prlvkoho kt sbluco dh

`v`kc`dch tl `cc wbl wkcc dhmht erli kt wktbkm tbh `v`kc`dch rhslurahs

8) Okjmkty `mo Blmhsty6

^`tkhmt sbluco dh trh`tho wktb okjmkty. _bhrh iust dh blmhsty km rhvh`ckmj kmelri tklm km tbh

dhst kmthrhst le tbh p`tkhmt


63/74


@ov`maho okrhatkvhs elr

OL ML_ @__HI^_ THQXQAK_@_KLM (OM@T)

_bks ks m kiplrt`mt sphat km ohakokmj wbhtbhr tl st`rt lr wktbblco A^T. Kt ks chj`c dkmokmj olauihmt

km tbh Xmktho Qt`ths `mo a`m dh hktbhr vhrd`c lr wrktthm, d`sho lm almvhrs`tklms, wrktthm okrhatkvhs,

ckvkmj wkccs lr erli ` our`dch plwhr le `ttlrmhy. Kt ks kiplrt`mt tl mlth tb`t tbh alurt le c`w àahptswrktthm òv`maho okrhatkvhs ilrh tb`m rhalcchatklms le almvhrs`tklms.

^rkmakpchs le eutkckty

Ihoka`c eutkckty laaurs wbhm `m kmthrvhmtklm ks umckghcy tl dhmht tbh p`tkhmt. Kt ks `csl ohmho wbhm

`m kmthrvhmtklm e`kcs tl àbkhvh p`tkhmts kmthmoho qu`ckty jl`cs lr tbh pbyskak`ms pbysklcljka c jl`cs.

Oksalmtkmu`tklm le rhsusakt`tkvh heelrts lr wktbblcokmj rhsusakt`tklm sbluco dh almskohrho km suab

sktu`tklms. Blwhvhr, ke tbh prljmlsks ks km oludt lr umahrt`km, ` trk`c le trh`tihmt sbluco dh almskohrho

umtkc òhqu`th kmelri`tklm ks j`tbhrho tl ohthrikmh tbh hxphatho ackmka`c alursh lr tbh ckghckbllo lesurvkv`c.

Elcclwkmj `rh kmst`mahs wbhrhdy A^T heelrts sbluco dh rhalmskohrho6

0) Zbhm tl stlp A^T

- Thturm le splmt`mhlus akrauc`tklm

- Hxbùstklm

- Ldvklus skjms le oh`tb

- Ohaksklm dy tbh a`rkmj pbyskak`m

4) Zbhm mlt tl st`rt A^T

- ^rhshmah le `m @ov`maho Okrhatkvh dy tbh p`tkhmt lr surrlj`th ohaksklm i`ghr

- U cko OM@T dy `tthmokmj pbyskak`m

- Ldvklus skjms le oh`tb

- Kmfurkhs kmalip`tkdch wktb ckeh


64/74


65/74


Qgkcc Qt`tklm Aliphthmay AbhagckstI`m`jhihmt le Thspkr`tlry @rrhst

@sshsshs O`mjhr

Hst`dcksbhs umThsplmskvhmhss

Qbluts elr bhcp6 @atkv`ths Hihrjhmay Ihoka`c Qhrvkah (HIQ) mo jhts @HO

LT

Okrhats 4mo rhsauhr tl àtkv`th HIQ `mo jhts tbh @HO

Kmshrts L^@ mo M^@ (stuohmt sbluco ohilmstr`th dltb)

^hrelris alrrhat d`j-i`sg vhmtkc`tklm

@oikmksthrs lxyjhm

Th`sshsshs pucsh `dlut hvhry 4 ikmuths

^hrelris ^rki`ry @DAO

^rlphrcy kmshrts L^@ lr M^@

A`m vhmtkc`th wktb d`j-i`sg

Jkvhs prlphr vhmtkc`tklm-r`th `mo vlcuih

Thabhags pucsh `mo ltbhr skjms le akrauc`tklm

Abhags `mo lphms tbh @krw`y (bhò tkct-abkm cket lr ke trùi` ks susphatho,

f`w tbrust wktblut bhò hxthmsklm)

Qt`rts 1> Abhst aliprhssklms `cilst kiihok`thcy ke ml drh`tbkmj lr

`dmlri`c drh`tbkmj tl dh elcclwho dy 4 rhsauh drh`tbs

Abhags elr `dshmt lr `dmlri`c Drh`tbkmj(@sshsshs elr `dshmah le drh`tbkmj `cilst skiuct`mhluscy wbkch lphmkmj

tbh `krw`y km chss tb`m 0>shalmos)

@ttàbhs @HO-Lrj`mkzho rbytbi prhshmt

Abhag a`rltko pucsh-ûcsh prhshmt

^hrelris rhsauh drh`tbs fust hmlujb tl shh abhst rksh `t tbh alrrhat r`th 0

drh`tb hvhry 8 tl 5 shalmos (0> tl 04 drh`tb/ikmuth)

ke olmh alrrhatcy

DCQ ^rki`ry Qurvhy `mo Kmthrvhmtklm

@CQ Qhalmo`ry Qurvhy A`sh Qgkccs

Arktka`c @atklm


66/74


Qgkcc Qthp

@ouct/Abkco A T wktb @HO

ke olmh alrrhatcyArktka`c ^hrelri`mah Qthps

0 @sshsshs O`mjhr

4 Abhags umThsplmskvhmhss

1 Qbluts elr bhcp6 slihlmh tl àtkv`th HIQ `mo jht

`m @HO

? Lphms @krw`y uskmj bhò tkct-abkm cket

8 Abhags elr `dshmt lr `dmlri`c Drh`tbkmj

5 Cla`ths A^T b`mo plsktklm Ohckvhrs 1> aliprhssklms `t 0>>/ikm

@aahpt`dch 3 4> shalmos elr 1> aliprhssklms

: Jkvhs 4 drh`tbs (0 shalmo hàb)

@HO 0 _urms @HO lm

@HO 4 Qhchats prlphr @HO pòs `mo pcàhs pòs alrrhatcy

@HO 1 Ach`rs p`tkhmt tl `m`cyzh

(iust dh vkskdch `mo vhrd`c abhag)

@HO ? Ach`rs p`tkhmt tl sblag/prhsshs sblag duttlm

(iust dh vkskdch `mo vhrd`c abhag)

I`xkiui tkih erli @HO `rrkv`c 3 ;> shalmos

2 Ohckvhrs shalmo ayach le aliprhssklms `t alrrhat

b`mo plsktklm, òhqu`th ohptb `mo eucc abhst rhalkc

@aahpt`dch 34> shalmos elr 1> aliprhssklms

; Jkvhs 4 drh`tbs (0 shalmo hàb) wktb vkskdch

abhst rksh

@HO @rrkvhs

Qtuohmt Almtkmuhs A^T

A^T/@HO _hstkmj AbhagckstUE _rh`tho Zktb A^T `mo @utli`tho Hxthrm`c Ohdrkcc`tklm (0 Thsauhr)

Kmstruatlr skjm`turh eris tb`t sgkccs thst whrh olmh

àalrokmj tl MALT_ @CQ jukohckmhs

Q`vh tbks sbhht wktb alursh rhalro.

Kmstruatlr Qkjm`turh6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

^rkmt Kmst.Mìh6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

O`th6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

_HQ_ THQXC_Kmoka`th ^`ss lr Mhhos

Thihok`tklm6^ MT


67/74


Arktka`c hrelri`mah Qthps

Hmsurhs bkjb-qu`ckty A^T `t `cc tkihs

@sskjms thì ihidhrs rlchs

Qt`rts lxyjhm, pcàhs ilmktlr, st`rts KU

^càhs ilmktlr chòs km prlphr plsktklm

Thaljmkzhs syiptli`tka dròya`rok`

@oikmksthrs `pprlprk`th oruj(s) `mo olshs

Uhrd`ckzhs tbh mhho elr tr`msaut`mhlus pàkmj

Thaljmkzhs UE

Ach`rs dhelrh @M@C[VH `mo QBLAG

Kiihok`thcy rhsuihs A^T èthr sblags

@pprlprk`th `krw`y i`m`jhihmt

@pprlprk`th ayachs Oruj-Tbytbi Abhag/Qblag - A^T


Thaljmkzhs `systlch

Uhrd`ckzhs plthmtk`c rhvhrskdch aùshs le @systlch/^H@ (Bs mo _s)


Kiihok`thcy rhsuihs A^T èthr rbytbi abhags

Q_L^ _BH _HQ_

_hì Chòhr

Dròya`rok` I`m`jhihmt

UE/ûcshchss U_ I`m`jhihmt

@systlch I`m`jhihmt





^rkmt Kmst.Mìh6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

O`th6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\


Thihok`tklm6^ MT

Ihjàloh _hstkmj Abhagckst 0/4

Dròya`rok` UE/ûcshchss U_ @systlch

ke olmh alrrhatcy


68/74


ke olmh alrrhatcy

Thaljmkzhs `systlch




Q_L^ _BH _HQ_



Thaljmkzhs umst`dch tàbya`rok` Thaljmkzhs syiptlis ouh tl tàbya`rok`

^hrelris kiihok`th symabrlmkzho a`roklvhrsklm





^rkmt Kmst.Mìh6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

O`th6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\


Thihok`tklm6^ MT

Ihjàloh _hstkmj Abhagckst 1_àbya`rok` UE/ ûcshchss U_ ^H@




_hì Chòhr

_àbya`rok` I`m`jhihmt


Thaljmkzhs UE

Ach`rs dhelrh @M@C[VH `mo QBLAG



@pprlprk`th ayachs Oruj-Tbytbi Abhag/Qblag - A^T


@systlch I`m`jhihmt


69/74







Thaljmkzhs tàbya`rok` (sphaka ok`jmlsks)

Thaljmkzhs ml syiptlis ouh tl tàbya`rok`

@tthipts v`j`c i`mhuvhrs

Jkvhs `pprlprk`th kmktk`c oruj tbht`py

Thaljmkzhs UE

Ach`r dhelrh @M@C[VH `mo QBLAG



@pprlprk`th ayachs Oruj-Tbytbi Abhag/Qblag-A^T


Thaljmkzhs `systlch




Q_L^ _BH _HQ_

_hì Chòhr

Dròya`rok` I`m`jhihmt


@systlch I`m`jhihmt





^rkmt Kmst.Mìh6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

O`th6 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\


Thihok`tklm6^ MT

Ihjàloh _hstkmj Abhagckst ?_àbya`rok` UE/ûcshchss U_ ^H@

ke olmh alrrhatcy


70/74


71/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c:>

_bks I`mu`c Ks Alipkcho Dy _bh Elcclwkmj Ihidhrs Le _bh QudAliiktthh

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt Qud Aliiktthh

Or _ m Abhmj AbhmjAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst

Quct`m`b @ikm`b Blspkt`c

Flblr D`bru

Or Cu`b Ch`m Z`b

Almsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst^hm`mj Jhmhr`c Blspkt`c

^hm`mj

Or Ksi`kc _ m dkm Ilbo @ck _ mAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst

Gu`c` Cuipur Blspkt`c

Gu`c` Cuipur

Or Z`m M`sruokm dkm Z`m Ksi`kcAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst

T`f` ^hrhipu`m V`km`d KK Blspkt`c

Glt` D`bru

Or Ablmj [llm QkmAlmsuct`mt A`roklcljkst

Qhro`mj Blspkt`c

Qhc`mjlr

Or ^rky` Jkcc

^byskak`m mo Ohri`tlcljkstGu`c` Cuipur Blspkt`c

Gu`c` Cuipur

Or Tkozu`m dkm O`tl Ilbo Ks`Almsuct`mt Hihrjhmay byskak`m

@ip`mj Blspkt`c

Qhc`mjlr

Qharht`rk`t

Or. G`su`ok dkm BusskmQhmklr rkmakp`c @sskst`mt Okrhatlr

Ihoka`c Ohvhclpihmt Okvksklm

@zi`m dkm Busskm@sskst`mt Ihoka`c LeahrIhoka`c Ohvhclpihmt Okvksklm

Or Ilbo Gb`kruc @mw`r dkm Qb`kQhmklr @sskst`mt Okrhatlr

Ihoka`c Ohvhclpihmt Okvksklm

Ilbo E`kz dkm Flb`rk@sskst`mt Ihoka`c LeahrIhoka`c Ohvhclpihmt Okvksklm


72/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r kmkmj I`mu`c :0

M`tklm`c Aliiktthh Lm Thsusakt`tklm _r`kmkmj (MALT_)Qud Aliiktthh

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt Qud Aliiktthh

Or _ m Abhmj AbhmjAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst

Quct`m`b @ikm`b Blspkt`c

Flblr D`bru

Or Cu`b Ch`m Z`b

Almsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst^hm`mj Jhmhr`c Blspkt`c

^hm`mj

Or Ksi`kc _ m dkm Ilbo @ck _ mAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst


Gu`c` Cuipur

Or Z`m M`sruokm dkm Z`m Ksi`kcAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst mo Kmthmskvkst

T`f` ^hrhipu`m V`km`d KK Blspkt`c

Glt` D`bru

Or Ablmj [llm QkmAlmsuct`mt A`roklcljkst

Qhro`mj Blspkt`c

Qhc`mjlr

Or ^rky` Jkcc^byskak`m mo Ohri`tlcljkst


Gu`c` Cuipur

Or Tkozu`m dkm O`tl Ilbo Ks`

Almsuct`mt Hihrjhmay byskak`m@ip`mj Blspkt`c

Qhc`mjlr

Or @ok dkm Lsi`mAlmsuct`mt Hihrjhmay byskak`m

T`f` ^hri`ksurk D`kmum Blspkt`c

Kplb

Or _blbkrlb dkmtk @douc T`z`gAlmsuct`mt @m`hstbhsklcljkst


Gu`c` Cuipur


73/74

@ov`maho Ckeh Qupplrt _r`kmkmj I`mu`c:4


74/74

advanced life support (training manual)

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