Advanced Optical Technologies for Data Intensive Applications

Kim RobertsiGrid 2005

2

How do I optically switch my Lightpaths?

> Need to have each wavelength arriving at a node be able to leave via any of four other optical lines, or drop locally.

> Must be low cost

Local Add Drop

3

Wavelength Selective Switch

> One fiber in, five fibers out.

> Individually cross-connects 80 wavelengths

4

Hurdle: Fiber Dispersion Management

ROADM

SMF-28

SMF-28

SMF-28

E-LEAF

E-LEAF

E-LEAF

TWcTWc

PhotonicCross-Connect

PhotonicCross-Connect

PhotonicCross-Connect

Bulk dispersion compensation will not suffice

5

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Distance on G.652 fiber (km)

Req

uir

ed O

SN

R (

dB

)Electronic Dispersion Precompensation

OSNR vs. distance (10E-3 BER; 10 Gb/s)

Simple Rx

Tx pre-comp (IM-DD)

3 bit MLSE

Tx pre-comp (DPSK)

5 bit MLSE

GOOD

BAD

Optical Dispersion Compensation is Obsolete

6

Transmitter Pre-compensation

Opticalmodulator

laser

D/A

D/A

CD-1

Digitaldata

Recovered data

0

Tx Rx

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

7

How can I eliminate latency?

ARQ buffer latency grows with round trip time.

8

Forward Error Correction

G.975

Wraptor BCH-20

BCH-3

BCH-1

Uncoded

> FEC eliminates Bit Errors

> Lightpaths with no packet loss

9

How do I send a large data set to several destinations?

10

Layer 1 Multicast

OME Up to 160 Gb/s

HDXc Up to 640 Gb/s

HDX Up to 1.28 Tb/s single shelf

3.84 Tb/s as a hub

One layer 1 switch: •50 Mb/s 70,000 ways, •240Gb/s streams 15 ways

Demo US110 (hardware capacity)

11

How can I secure my Lightpath?

> Prevent interception of valuable IP or secret information.• Movie production, government, healthcare, finance, corporate

> Preclude alteration or insertion of false data• Banking, government

12

Lightpath Encryption Demo US106

> Full OC-192/STM-64 10G throughput.

> One to twelve lightpaths with separate keys.• 12 x GigE used to heavily load the OC-192 as 12xSTS-1-16V

> 400 ns added latency for AES-256 encryption• Another 400 ns for decryption

> Integrated into the Nortel OME-6500 transport shelf.

> Packet by packet encryption• No encryption of idle frames• No overhead added to each packet

13

Your Challenge

> Most protocols are designed for lousy connections

> How can you exploit Lightpaths that are:• Wavelength switched to your destination• Independent of optical physics• Free of packet loss• Layer 1 multicast• Securely encrypted• 40 Gb/s