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Advanced Photogrammetric Techniques Ayman F. Habib1

Advanced Photogrammetric and Ranging Techniques

Fall 2013


Contact Information• Instructor:

– Ayman F. Habib– Office: Room # ENE 227B– Tel: (403) 220-7105– E-mail: [email protected]– Lectures (ENE 328):

• Wednesday & Friday (12:00 noon – 12:50 p.m.)

– Office Hours: • Wednesday & Friday (1:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.)

• Course webpage:– http://dprg.geomatics.ucalgary.ca


• Teaching Assistant:– Zahra Lari– Office: ENE 225– Tel: (403) 220-4984– E-mail: [email protected]

• Lab Sessions:– Wednesday (3:00 – 5:00 p.m.), ENE 328

Contact Information


Course Objectives• Gain familiarity with advanced photogrammetric

and ranging techniques• Emphasis:

– Photogrammetric bundle adjustment– Mapping from space using line cameras (push broom

scanners)– Photogrammetric geo-referencing: Direct and indirect

geo-referencing– LiDAR: Data acquisition and error analysis– LiDAR and photogrammetric data integration– Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR): Basic

principles


Course Notes and Textbooks• Material presented in class, as well as supplemental notes, will be available through the course webpage.– http://dprg.geomatics.ucalgary.ca– Contains all the required material for the labs and exams

• Supplementary References (optional):– Krauss, K., 1993. Photogrammetry, Volume 1: Fundamentals and

Standard Processes. Dummler/Bonn.– Krauss, K., 1997. Photogrammetry, Volume 2: Advanced Methods

and Applications. Dummler/Bonn.– Mikhail, E., Bethel, J., McGlone, J., 2001. Introduction to Modern

Photogrammetry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.– Elsheimy, N., Valeo, C., Habib, A., 2005. Digital Terrain Modeling:

Generation, Manipulation, and Applications. Artech House.– Jie Shan and Charles Toth (Editors), 2008. Topographic Laser

Ranging and Scanning: Principles and Processing. CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group).


Grading Scheme• Lab Assignments (4 labs): (25% of Total Grade).

– Assignments will be due within roughly two weeks after they are handed out.

– Grades for late assignments will be reduced by 10% per day for each day overdue.

– Two assignments will require computer programming (C or C++) and submissions must include a softcopy of the source code (well documented) and the program output.

• Mid-Term Exam – November 6th: (25% of Total Grade)• Final Exam: (50% of Total Grade)

– Exams are closed book/notes• Bonus points for class participation


Syllabus (Course Content)

• Chapter 1:– Photogrammetric bundle adjustment

• Chapter 2:– Mapping from space using line cameras (push broom

scanners)

• Chapter 3:– Photogrammetric geo-referencing: Direct and indirect

geo-referencing


• Chapter 4:– Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR): Data

acquisition and error analysis

• Chapter 5:– LiDAR and photogrammetric data integration

• Chapter 6:– Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR): Basic

principles

Syllabus (Course Content)


Chapter 1: Bundle Adjustment

• Photogrammetric Bundle Adjustment– Photogrammetry: Definition and applications– Photogrammetric tools:

• Rotation matrices• Photogrammetric orientation: interior and exterior orientation• Collinearity equations/conditions

– Photogrammetric bundle adjustment• Structure of the design and normal matrices

– Special cases:• Resection, intersection, and stereo-pair orientation


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7582 8086 8692



Chapter 2: Mapping from Space• Mapping from space:

– Line Cameras: why?– Operational principles of line cameras:

• Successive coverage• Stereo coverage

– Perspective geometry for line cameras– Dealing with the Exterior Orientation Parameters

(EOP)– Multi-sensor photogrammetric triangulation– Accuracy analysis– Final remarks


Satellite Imagery


Frame Camera: Scene Acquisition


Line Camera: Scene Acquisition

Different PC

Image #

1D Images

Scene


Chapter 3: Photogrammetric Geo-Referencing

• Photogrammetric Geo-referencing:– Geo-Referencing alternatives:

• Indirect geo-referencing• Direct geo-referencing• Integrated Sensor Orientation (ISO)

– Direct Geo-Referencing: Operational example• Terrestrial Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS)

– Direct versus indirect geo-referencing: Accuracy analysis

– Concluding remarks


Indirect Geo-Referencing

Ground Control PointsTie Points


Signalized Targets



Natural Targets



Direct Geo-Referencing


Direct Geo-Referencing

c-frame

m-frame

GPS antenna

IMU b-frame

bcr

bcR

)( tr mc

)(trmb

)(tRmb

)(tRmc


Direct Geo-Referencing: Airborne System

GPS Antenna

Camera

INS PC

Two Base Stations

GPS Receiver


Direct Geo-Referencing: Land-Based System

Digital camera

GPS antenna

INS

Direct geo-referencing in practice


Direct Geo-Referencing: Land-Based System


Chapter 4: LiDAR

• Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR):– Passive versus active remote sensing systems– Operational systems– Operational principles– Error sources– Quality Assurance procedures – Quality Control procedures– Applications


Chapter 4: LiDAR


Chapter 5: Photogrammetry & LiDAR

• LiDAR and photogrammetric data integration– Photogrammetry: pros and cons– LiDAR: pros and cons– LiDAR data for photogrammetric geo-referencing– Ortho-photo generation– True ortho-photo generation


LiDAR Range Image

Optical Imagery



Optical ImageryLiDAR Intensity Image



Perspective Image

31


Orthophoto

32


3-D Perspective Views


• Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR):– Capability of penetrating the atmosphere under

virtually all conditions– Different view of the environment – “rough” in the

visible portion and “smooth” in the microwave

Chapter 6: RADAR


Radar transmits a pulse and measures reflected echo (backscatter )

Chapter 6: RADAR


RADAR & Visible Imagery

Chapter 6: RADAR


Photogrammetry, RADAR & LiDAR

Unit Price( US $ / km2 )

Increasing Detail

$1

$10

$100

$1,000

0.1100 10 1Vertical Accuracy (m) RMS

AirborneInterferometry

Aerial Photography(Tropical)

SPOTSatellite

AerialPhotography

(Urban)

Satellite StereoSAR

(RADARSAT)

AirborneLaser Scanner

Ground survey

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