advanced treatment technology and strategy for...

ADVANCED TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND STRATEGY FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

At Workshop on Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycle and Reuse

June 15 & 16-2012, NCL, Pune

Water & Wastewater treatment technology focused venture.

Engaged in:

Research and Development of Electrochemical process based water and wastewater solutions.

Development of Low cost wastewater treatment & reusesolution for local industries.

Development of Chemical free disinfection, sanitation and cleaning process for industries, hospitals, hotels and domestic applications.

Sector focus:

Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food processing, Textile, Metal processing and Dairy

Medical and Hospitality industry

About XH2O Solutions

Part 1: STATE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

StateNumber of CETPs studied by CPCB

CETPs complying pH, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS

standards

AP 2 0Delhi 10 3

Gujarat 15 0Haryana 1 1*

Karnataka 2 0

Maharashtra 9 0

MP 1 0

Punjab 1 1

Rajasthan 5 0

Tamilnadu 29 0

Status of Water Treatment in India

Source: Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India, CPCB , OCT 2005

Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India

Status of Wastewater Treatment in India

Individual units from textile processors to chemical

industries are unable to meet the discharge

standards using conventional treatment process.

Existing treatment schemes are unable to handle

ever increasing hydraulic load.

Poor technological combination for wastewater

treatment is discouraging water reuse and recycling.

Untreated wastewater from sewerage and chemical

plants is leading to irreversible environmental

impact which are not evident at present.

Dismal % of water reuse in domestic areas and

industries like textile, food processing is leading to

depletion of groundwater tables to un-sustainable

level.

Part 2: REASONS FOR NON-PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

performance of CETPs has been found to be veryunsatisfactory, largely because of poor operation andmaintenance.

Operation of treatment units based on biologicaltreatment (Activated Sludge Process) is sensitive andrequires understanding of important controllingparameters

The CETP(s) remove only 40% of the COD, BOD and mostof the time the BOD of the treated waste waters is above100 mg/l as against limiting standard of 30 mg/l

CETP Balotra is of 6 MLD capacity, however it received12 MLD influent. As a result, 6 MLD was being dischargeddirectly in to the river, without any treatment.

Influent characteristics and hydraulic load are notrepresentative of actual design criteria.

the design concentration of influent COD is 1000mg/l butactual influent concentration of COD is more than3000mg/l..

Modular design of ETP is an important concept in properhandling of variable hydraulic load. Unfortunately, exceptin few CETPs, no CETP has modular arrangement

Comments by CPCB on existing CETP design and operation

Source: Performance Status of Common Effluent Treatment Plants in India, CPCB , OCT 2005

Principle bottlenecks of present wastewater treatment systems Small, Medium and Large

High volume of wastewater.

Very Scarce space available for in-plant treatment.

Complex and unpredictable nature of wastewater with dyes, auxiliaries, bio-refractory compounds.

Biological treatment unable to handle organic and hydraulic loads.

Larger treatment plant based on biological system are not viable from engineering and economic point.

Manpower is not readily available to handle conventional plants.

Solid waste resulting from conventional treatment is an issue

Part 3: ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS A PRACTICAL ANSWER TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Advanced Oxidation Treatment

Characteristics Ideal Oxidation Process

The process is versatile to treatwide variety of wastewater.

Advanced Oxidation can handlewide range of COD/BOD andrefractory compounds.

It employ readily availablechemicals, process and materialsfor radical generation.

AOP has a low foot printcompared to conventionalprocess.

Changes the water characteristicslike TDS to a minimum.

Most of AOP have a manageableoperating cost and capital cost.

AOP are modular in nature.


Classic Fenton Oxidation

Simple to implement Low capital cost Broad range of treatability Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective as pre-treatment to biological

process


Electro - Fenton Oxidation

Less sludge formation than fenton Effective against high COD wastewater and

fenton refractory wastewater Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective as pre-treatment to biological

process


Fluidized Bed Oxidation

Less sludge formation than fenton. Suited for treatment of high volumes of

wastewater with low COD value Non-selective oxidation of organics Effective polishing step for CETPs, Municipal

Sewerage Treatment etc.

Advanced Oxidation Treatment with BDD electrode

Electrochemical Oxidation Process

Zero Sludge process Suited to work as stand alone treatment

process Non-selective oxidation of organics Capital intensive process Right selection of electrode and operating

condition is critical

Part 4: COMPARISON OF AOP WITH OTHER ADVANCED TREATMENT PROCESS

Which AOP to Choose from?

Fenton FamilyTreatment

Electro Chemical Oxidation

Ozone based process Photo Oxidation

Easy installation , low capital cost

Selection of Electrode critical, high capital cost of electrode

High capital cost for ozone generation system

High capital cost for UV generating and transmission process

Addresses wide range of COD

More suitable to highCOD wastewater

More suitable for decolorization of textile wastewater

Limited application to wastewater with simple organics

Generates less than 1% of solid waste post treatment

Treatment is sludge less in operation, but chlorine generation can be an issue for discharge

Treatment is sludge less in operation

Treatment is sludge less in operation

Easily implementable at every stage of treatment

More suited to streamspecific treatment

Needs ozone and peroxide as additional oxidants to be effective

Cannot be applied to heavily contaminated wastewater streams

Technology is developed for full scale implementation

Technology still movingfrom pilot to plant scale

Technology still at pilot scale

Technology still at lab and pilot scale

Part 5 : AOP case studies

Case study: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation using BDD

Source: Advanced Oxidation Inc., UK

COD TOCRAW 46,650 19,500

TREATED 100 235


Oil & Gas processing

COD

RAW 245,560

TREATED 2,890


CARAMEL PROCESSING

Treatment

stage COD

Raw 18848

After primary 5555

Oxidation

hour 1 1428

Oxidation

hour 2 1000

Oxidation

hour 3 500

Oxidation

hour 4 100

73%

27%

Primary Oxidation

Case study: Novel Coagulants + Electro-Oxidation

Impact of primary treatment with novel coagulants:

Case study: Classic Fenton Oxidation for treatment of Textile Wastewater

Parameter Inlet Outlet

COD (mg/lit)

3,150 40-120

Toxicity 100% 0-5%

Source: Krzysztof BARBUSISKI, Prof., Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology,

Case study: Classic Fenton Oxidation for treatment of Dyestuff Wastewater

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Raw Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Neutral

The Dyestuff wastewater contained polymeric dye molecules and solvents like Tributylamine

Case study: Fenton v/s Electro Fenton

Treatment time of > 2000 min with Fenton

Treatment time of < 500 min with Electro Fenton

Source: Ricky Priambodo, Yu-Jen Shih, Yu-Jen Huang and Yao-Hui Huang,

CODin=2000 mg/L,30 CMD, CODr= 80%

Treatment of refractory compounds with Electro-Advanced Oxidation

Case study: Electro-Fenton as Stand alone treatment

Source: Paper IndustryWastewater, 2nd clarifiereffluent

Inlet COD: 500 mg/L

Outlet COD: 60 mg/L

Design Capacity: 64,000m3/day

Economic treatment of low COD high volume wastewater

Case study: End of Pipe Treatment

Source: Paper IndustryWastewater, 2nd clarifiereffluent

Inlet COD: 270 mg/L

Outlet COD:

Part 6: SELECTING RIGHT AOP

4 StepsTo Waste Water Treatment with Advanced Oxidation

Implementing Advanced Oxidation Technologies

Step 1: Research :Understand the problem

COD / BOD

pH, Primary treatment,Bio-refractory, Solvent,Heavy Metal, Ammonia,Phenols, Space, SolidWaste, Manpower, Automation, Raw material, etc.

Step 2: Ideate :Knowing the Technologies

Biological treatment

Evaporation / Incineration

Advanced Treatment TechnologiesNovel coagulants, Electro-coagulation, Electrooxidation,

Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Process (AEOP), Fenton oxidation, Electro-Fenton, Sludge-less Fenton, Nano-Fenton

Step 3: Prototype and pilot

Source: Semiconductor Wastewater

Inlet COD: 11,000 mg/L

Design COD Removal: 90%

Design Capacity: 1m3/day

Treatment of refractory compounds with Advanced Oxidation

Step 4: Testing

Pilot Testing of any AOP is critical to its

selection

XH2O Solution has developed pilot

testing facility for Fenton, Electro

Fenton, Fluidized Bed Fenton , Electro

Oxidation and BDD Electro Oxidation

technologies

The test can range from few liters to few

hundred liters to access the scalability of

the treatment process

Part 7: APPLICATION OF AOP IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

Advanced Oxidation Treatment as an End of Pipe Solution

Conventional wastewater treatment offers limited options post biologicaltreatment.

There is a vacuum of technological options for meeting ultimate dischargeand reuse norms post biological treatment.

Advanced Oxidation process can be used as an last resort treatment tomeet stringent discharge norms.

Ideally suited for removal of residual toxicity from waste water. For reduction of COD < 1000 ppm. To meet norms for reuse of wastewater. Applicable in CETPs, Chemical complexes, Municipal sewerage systems

Advanced Oxidation Treatment as an Stand Alone Treatment process

Small and Medium scale industries have limited treatment options fortreatment of High COD and Biorefractory wastewater.

Limited expertise, infrastructure for wastewater treatment limits the abilityof industry to meet even simple CETP inlet norms.

Versatile treatment for wide range of wastewater stream. A low foot print technology is well suited for small and medium scale

industries. Easily expandable and automatic in operation.

Advanced Oxidation Treatment as Buffer to Biological Treatment Process

Single Bio-refractory wastewater stream can destabilize the entiretreatment process for days.

80% of wastewater treatment issue are due to 20% of wastewater streams. Present technologies are unable to address such streams separately.

Several AOP can be combined for treatment of each specific stream. AOP can be installed at the point of wastewater generation. Stream specific AOP can improve the performance of biological

treatment system.

Tertiary treatment:GAC AdsorptionMembrane FiltrationIon ExchangeRO systemChemical Oxidation

Bio-treatment

Pre-treatment

Industrial Wastewater

Effluent

BiosludgeChemical

Sludge

Biodegradable Wastewater

FeRed Fenton

Non-Biodegradable Wastewater

Conventional Fenton

Fluidized-Bed Fenton

Application of Advanced Oxidation Technologies in Wastewater treatment system

Why first step with Advanced Oxidation technologies is easy?

Process is modular

Process have very low foot print

Process is scalable

Process can be fully automated

Process is flexible

Process is complementary

Thank YouFor more information contact: [email protected]

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