advanced vehicle networking with qorivva mpc5748g...

External Use

TM

Advanced Vehicle Networking with

Qorivva MPC5748G 32-bit MCUs

FTF-AUT-F0238

A P R . 2 0 1 4

Arturo Inzunza | Automotive Applications Engineer

Rebeca Delgado | Automotive Field Applications Engineer

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External Use 1

Agenda

• Introduction

• MPC5748G family

• Networking protocols

• Networking future trends

• Security in communications

• Conclusions

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External Use 2

Introduction

• Newer automotive features are quickly increasing the overall

amount of processors in an automotive network

• These processors generate increased data traffic and architectural

complexity on the network

• Audio and video are starting to be part of the vehicle networking

system, which means higher throughput networks are needed

• As more data is being exchanged between modules on the vehicle,

the risk of foreign agents tampering with the network increases

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External Use 3

Objectives

After completing this session, you will be able to:

• Understand the automotive communications trends

• Evaluate if the Qorivva MPC5748G family is suitable for your

project

• Understand in more detail CANFD and Ethernet AVB in automotive

applications

• Understand Freescale’s embedded security modules

applied to communications

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Complex Electric/Electronic System

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New

Integration,

Low Power,

Security

and Safety

Functional Safety and Security Security modules protect ECUs against various attack scenarios and Safety modules ensure robust operation per ISO 26262

Low Power Management New low-power modes, analog comparators, and pretended networking support help meet stringent next generation power budgets

Unprecedented Integration Single-chip solution offering multicore architecture and advanced networking protocols for next generation communication requirements

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Highly Integrated Body Control/Gateway MCU

• Performance through Multicore − Up to three e200 cores built on Power

Architecture technology, with up to 160 MHz

performance allows for easy division of tasks in

an integrated BCM/gateway system

• Most Diverse Set of Networking Communication

− Ethernet with AVB support, FlexRay™, MLB,

USB, up to eight CAN with CAN Flexible Data

Rate (FD) up to 18 LIN, SDIO interface, I2S all

supported on a single-chip solution

• Flexible Memory Options − Up to 6 MB Flash and 768 KB of embedded

SRAM provide suitable storage to maintain the

local BCM/gateway application functionality, and

handle message buffering

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Qorivva MPC5748G Platform: Next Generation e200 CPUs

• Qorivva MPC5748G offers similar Power Architecture® based e200

cores as Qorivva MPC5646

• Enhancements in frequency, Multiply/Divide, ECC,

prefetch buffers, debug interfaces and peripheral modules

Features z4 (MPC5748) z4 (MPC5646) z2 (MPC5748) z0 (MPC5646) Frequency (in platform) 160 120 80 64

Multiply 2 cycle latency 2 cycle latency 1 cycle latency 1 - 4 cycles latency Divide 4 - 14 clocks 4 - 14 clocks 4 - 14 clocks 5 - 34 clocks

E2E-ECC Yes No Yes No ICACHE 8k 4k No No DCACHE 4k No No No

Prefetch Buffer 8 x 32 bit, fetched as 64 bit double word

8 x 32 bit, fetched as 64 bit double word

4 x 32 bit, fetched as 64 bit double word

4 x 32 bit, fetched as 32 bit word

Nexus level 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+

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Qorivva MPC5748G Key Features

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Multicore architecture 2x e200z4 + 1x z2 Power Architecture® cores

Floating Point Unit (FPU) on z4 cores for additional

computational algorithm support

High performance

160 MHz max for Z4s and

80 MHz on Z2

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Triple ported Flash and multiple RAM to minimize access time

to memory

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Part of SafeAssure functional safety program: Designed for ISO

26262 ASIL B systems

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Robust security Hardware security module (HSM) option

supports both SHE and EVITA low/medium

security specs.

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USB 2.0 (OTG and host module)

support interfacing to both wireless modems and

infotainment domain.

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Ethernet 10/100 Mb/s for diagnostics, backbone and

audio video bridging (AVB) applications

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Low-Power Unit Innovative LPU provides CAN, LIN, SPI, ADC

functionality in a new low power state.

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Broad Communications Multiple CAN with FD support, LIN, I²C, I²S

for integrated BCM/gateway applications

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Networking Protocols CANFD

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Communication Protocols Landscape

price, complexity

bit rate [bits/s]

LIN 20 kBit/sec

master-slave

single wire bus

20k

125k

1M

10M

25M

LS CAN 125 kBit/sec

event triggered

fault tolerant

one/two wire bus

multimedia

domain

50M

100M

150M

HS CAN 1 MBit/sec

event triggered

two wire bus

embedded control

domain

FlexRay 10 MBit/sec

time triggered

fault tolerant, dependable

2x2 wire

MOST25 25 MBit/sec

synchronous

plastic fibre optical

MOST50 50 MBit/sec

synchronous

unshielded twisted-pair

MOST150 150 MBit/sec

synchronous

plastic fibre optical /


CAN FD 1 MBit/sec - Arb

8 Mbit/sec - data

two wire bus

Ethernet 100 MBit/sec

synchronous


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CANFD

CAN FD stands for CAN with Flexible Data-Rate

• CAN FD is a proposal by Bosch to:

− Increase the baud rate of the data portion of a CAN message

− Increase the number of data bytes that can be sent in a single

CAN message to up to 64 (vs. 8 on standard CAN)

− No changes to arbitration field allow for existing

physical layers to be used

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Gradual Transition

Backwards compatibility requirement on CAN FD

• CAN and CAN FD messages can coexist

− CAN FD node is able to receive and to transmit CAN messages

according to ISO 11898-1

− Introduction phase: CAN FD use only in specific operation modes

E.g. software download at end of line programming with non CAN FD nodes in

standby

− Use of partial networking for CAN FD traffic in networks with nodes only

ISO11898-1

Concept

− Two bit rates on CANFD transmission, one for the arbitration phase, the

other one for the data phase

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Frame Format

• Part of the control field, all the data field and part of the CRC field

are in high bit rates.

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Frame Format – EDL and BRS Bits

• EDL: Extended Data Length

− Recessive

− Only exists on CANFD

− Distinguishes standard CAN

vs. CANFD frames

• BRS: Bit Rate Switch

− Indicates if the bitrate should

be changed.

− CANFD node can choose not to

change the bitrate but still send

larger frames.

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Data Payload

• CAN

− 0 to 8 bytes

• CANFD

− 0 to 64 bytes

# of

Data Bytes DLC3 DLC2 DLC1 DLC0

CAN and

CANFD

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1

2 0 0 1 0

3 0 0 1 1

4 0 1 0 0

5 0 1 0 1

6 0 1 1 0

7 0 1 1 1

CAN only 8 1 0 0 0

CANFD only

8 1 0 0 0

12 1 0 0 1

16 1 0 1 0

20 1 0 1 1

24 1 1 0 0

32 1 1 0 1

48 1 1 1 0

64 1 1 1 1

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Networking protocols

Ethernet AVB

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Ethernet in Automotive is Growing

Ethernet has growing potential in automotive networking applications

Today/Near Future Future (2018+)

Gateway

ECU

Infotainment

Gateway/

Center stack Torque

Management

Driver Interface

(HMI)

Vehicle

Dynamics &

Safety

Body, Security

Lighting

Engine

Transmission

Electric

Motor

Generator

Seats Mirrors Doors Lighting

Navigation Instruments

Multimedia/

Telematics

Entertainment

Driver

Controls

Steering

Dampers ADAS

(Radar, Camera)

Airbags Tensioners

Ped. Protection

Brakes Dynamics

Sensors

Ethernet

Cameras

Diagnostics/

Programming

Gateway

• Potential Applications:

− Vehicle diagnostics

− Vehicle programming

− Interface to infotainment space

− Communications within infotainment space (MLB replacement)

− Ethernet based cameras, etc.

• Potential Applications:

− As today but also as a vehicle networking architecture backbone

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Why Ethernet?

Widely used network standard (IEEE 802.3) for LANs

• Several speed grades:

− 10 baseT, 100 baseT, 1000 baseT….

• Auto qualified physical layer based on unshielded twisted pair (TP) wire

• Multiple PHY to MAC Interfaces

− MII, MII_Lite, RMII, GMII, RGMII, ....

• Duplex and Half duplex communication

• Ethernet already established in vehicle

− Diagnostics, Ethernet camera

− Ethernet AVB being introduced

• Broad offering of software stacks, tools,

expertise makes use of Ethernet cost attractive

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Protocol Layers

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Ethernet AVB

• Ethernet Audio Video Bridging (AVB) is a set of technical

standards that allow time-synchronized low latency streaming

services through IEEE 802 networks

• Specifications required:

− IEEE 1722 Layer 2 Transport Protocol

− IEEE 802.1AS Timing and Synchronization

• Further specifications, that can either be optional

or will not be used

− IEEE 802.1Qat: Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP)

− IEEE 802.1Qav: Forwarding and Queuing for Time-Sensitive Streams (FQTSS)

− IEEE 802.1BA: Audio Video Bridging Systems

− IEEE 1722.1 Device Discovery, Enumeration, Connection Management and

Control Protocol (DECC)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_standard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_standard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802

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IEEE 802.1AS Timing and Synchronization

• Subset of IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol

• Common "application clock" between the sources and sinks

• IEEE 802.1 AS adds a time stamp for the Ethernet packages.

The actual protocol is implemented in SW!

• System clock accuracy requirements determine whether time

stamping needs to be implemented in HW

− Clock requirements of less than hundreds of µs accuracy

do NOT require any time stamping HW

− Clock requirements of sub 1 µs (down to something between 50-200 ns)

do require dedicated time stamping HW.

Available on Qorivva MPC5604E, Qorivva MPC574xG, Vybrid, i.MX53, i.MX6x

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IEEE 1722 Layer 2 Transport Protocol

• Layer 2 Transport Protocol for encapsulation of streaming data

• Implementation at Layer 2 allows for efficient HW implementation

• This protocol is implemented in the Ethernet Streaming Software

from Freescale

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Surround Camera Application

• Application is

latency sensitive

• Physical space

• Cost target

• Rough environment

Camera 1

I

M

A

G

E

R

P

S

U

µC

MAC

HW

ENC

CAM µC Unit

MAGNPHY

BROADREACH

Camera 2

I

M

A

G

E

R

P

S

U

µC

MAC

HW

ENC

CAM µC Unit

MAGNPHY

BROADREACH

Camera 3

I

M

A

G

E

R

P

S

U

µC

MAC

HW

ENC

CAM µC Unit

MAGNPHY

BROADREACH

Camera 4

I

M

A

G

E

R

P

S

U

µC

MAC

HW

ENC

CAM µC Unit

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

CENTRAL VIDEO UNIT

PSU

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

6 PORT

GBIT

SWITCH

LOGIC

5 PORT SWITCH SYSTEM

with. HOST INTERFACE

µC

Gbit

MAC

(AVB)

VIDEO

DECODE

ENGINE

CENTRAL VIDEO

µC SYSTEM

ANALOG

VIDEO

Camera 5

I

M

A

G

E

R

P

S

U

µC

MAC

HW

ENC

CAM µC Unit

MAGN PHY

BROADREACH

ANALOG VIDEO OUT

( to Front Display)

CAN Connection

CAR POWER SUPPLY

5V CAMERA POWER SUPPLY

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External Use 32

Networking Future Trends

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External Use 33

Future Trends

• Cross-domain car communication

− Increasing safety enabled by data interaction between active safety and

advanced driver assistance functions

• Networking of Cars and Environment

− Car2car communication for efficient organization of traffic flow

• More comfort and safety features in the car

− Camera’s, TFT displays, connectivity, functional safety

− Example for average car

~40 electric/electronic systems

50-100 MCUs

>100 sensors

• Memory and performance on the increase

− Modern car up to 50Mbyte (excludes infotainment)

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Future Trends

• Move to integrate more functions into larger “domain controllers”

− Reduce costs, integration complexity and wiring harness weight

• High bandwidth backbone interconnect network needed

− Manage the network complexity to reduce the development effort and increase fault tolerance and robustness of the network

− Higher demand on bandwidth and quality of service

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Future Trends

• Ethernet already introduced

into vehicle

• Cost of Ethernet reducing

• Increased bandwidth options

(scalability)

• Possible to stay below

electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

emissions limit with low cost UTSP

• Ethernet is a well-known and mature

network structure

• Many developers have

Ethernet experience

• Simple integration of

consumer devices

• Availability of hardware, software

and low-cost and freeware tools

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Security in Communications

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External Use 37

Qorivva MPC5748G Hardware Security Module

Overview

− Hardware security module (HSM) was developed by FSL to address

the HIS-SHE and EVITA low/medium security specs.

− Security module that is freely programmable by the customer,

additional security algorithm could be implemented in software

Features

− Power Architecture e200z0h core

− Secure Debugger Interface

− Cryptographic Modules with AES-128, Random Number Generator, DMA

− Sensor Interface – monitor for voltage, temperature and clock

− Secure Flash and RAM Memory for key and code storage

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HSM

• The HSM implements

user defined code

• Common use case is

to implement AES-128

algorithm

• Data can be serially

encrypted and shifted

out on a communication

protocol

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AES-128

AES

Developed by Vincent Rijmen

Joan Daemen

Standardized

since 2002

Block size [bits] 128 (16 bytes)

Key size [bits] 128, 192 or 256

Algorithm Type Symmetric

Scheme One key for encoding and

decoding

Pros

Compact implementation

High performance

Key length (<512 bits)

Cons Key exchange problem

Alice Bob

Symmetric

Key

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Cipher Modes

Electronic codebook (ECB) Cipher-block chaining (CBC)

Scheme Each block is encoded/decoded

indecently from the others

Previous result is XORed with actual

plaintext

Diagram

Pros Random access possible Secure for messages longer as block

size

Cons Insecure for message longer as the

block size (statistical analysis)

No random access possible, (before

the last block can be decode all other

must be decode)

Example

Block Cipher

Encryption

Ciphertext

Plaintext

Key Key

Block Cipher

Encryption

Ciphertext

Plaintext

Block Cipher

Encryption

Ciphertext

Plaintext

IV

ECB TM

CBC TM

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Secure Communication

• Random number: protects against replay attacks

• Encryption: protects against eavesdropping

• Random number and encryption: ensures data integrity and authenticity

AES-128

Random

number

generators

Unique ID

CSE module

Keys

Encrypted

(sensor value;RND)

Central ECU with MPC5646C

AES-128

Random

number

generators

Unique ID

CSE module

Keys

Sensor ECU

E.g.

CAN Key #x

Sensor value

Decrypted

(sensor value;RND)

Step 2: Sensor ECU reads

sensor value and asks

CSE module to encrypt it

and the received random

number (using key #x)

Step 3: Sensor ECU sends

encrypted message to

central ECU.

Step 4: Central ECU asks

CSE module to decrypt

received message (using

key #x).

Step 5: Central ECU

checks sent random

number vs.

received/decrypted random

number.

Step 1: Central ECU

obtains random number

and sends it to sensors

ECU (e.g., after power-on

of car)

RND

Keys

Key #x

[email protected]

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External Use 42

Conclusions Qorivva MPC5748G Family for high end communications applications Supports CAN + FD, dual ENET + SWITCH, USB (Host + OTG), LIN, SPI, etc.

CANFD Allows faster data transfer (8 mbps) and larger payloads (64 bytes)

Ethernet AVB Standards that allow timely distribution of media packets to several clients

Trends Wireless communications and higher bandwidth

Security HSM allows for on-the-fly encryption and decryption of data

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External Use 43

Recommended!

• FTF-AUT-F0347 - A Cost-Effective Solution for Secure Over-the-Air

Updates Using MPC5748G (W 5:15)

• FTF-AUT-F0207 - Qorivva MPC5748G 32-bit MCUs Offer Low-

Power Features for Central Body Control and Gateway Applications

(Th 4:15)

• FTF-AUT-F0262 - CAN Transceiver Trends and Solutions for

Higher Data Rate and Energy Savings (Th 5:15)

• FTF-AUT-F0081 - Automotive Microcontrollers in a Fast-Changing

Environment (T 4:45)

TM

© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use

www.Freescale.com

http://www.freescale.com/

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