advanced water management - energy exchange · • 0.125 gpf in drought-stricken california....
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Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida
Understanding Regulatory Compliance for Water Efficiency in Commercial Plumbing
Advanced Water Management
Dave Woodworth SLOAN
August 15, 2017
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
Learning Objective One
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Review the history and current status of codes and standards for interior commercial
plumbing water efficiency and the water-energy nexus.
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Energy efficiency codes and standards have multiple paths to achieving efficiency:• Many ways to efficiently light a space, for
example
Water use is very different than energy use:• Only one way to remove human waste from a
building – a toilet and drain system
Energy is converted to light or heat and once used, the waste product is of little value.
Water is not consumed, but changes form and can be recovered for reuse.
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Energy vs. Water Efficiency Conundrum
All the water that is on this earth is all the water that we will ever have. It is continually used and reused in an
endless cycle.
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Energy efficiency and water efficiency must be handled differently in codes and standards:
• Flexibility provided for energy efficiency• Clearer mandates needed to achieve water efficiency• Every high-efficiency indoor water fixture saves energy
13% of U.S. electrical energy goes to heat, treat and pump water supply.
U.S. water facilities consume 50 billion kW hours/day, which
is enough to power 4.5+ million homes for a year.
19% of California’s electrical energy output is providing water for population.
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Energy vs. Water Efficiency Conundrum
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• Aging and insufficient infrastructure
• Dwindling potable water supply
• Increasing demand• Shrinking supplies• Reduced quality and
reliability• Pervasive droughts
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Importance of Reducing Water Consumption
Standards, plumbing and building codes,
municipalities, and plumbing manufacturers must answer the call for tighter regulation
on water consumption, products that can meet such
thresholds, and using reclaimed water for non-
potable uses.
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Water Consumption by Water-Using Plumbing Products and Appliances 1980-2015
Chart courtesy of Koeller & Gauley
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High efficiency innovations:• HETs and HEUs• Electronic sensor faucets• Reclaimed water flushometers
Average water use has decreased significantly since 1980’s:
• 68% for commercial toilets• 67% for commercial urinals• 86% for commercial lavatory faucets
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Improvements in Water Consumption
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High efficiency toilets (HETs):• 1.28 gpf or less• 1.1 gpf integrated fixtures
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Types of Toilet Fixtures
Several different technologies are used by manufacturers to achieve these efficient flush volumes, but these technologies
are NOT all equal in flush performance or cost.
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Flushing urinals (water consuming):• 0.5 gpf for WaterSense and Green
Codes• 0.125 gpf in drought-stricken California
Non-water urinals (water-free and hybrid):
• Permitted in 50 states as an approved fixture
• Newer hybrids do not consume water• Drain cleansing feature provides
supplemental water for drain line performance
• Non-water urinals only use 120 gallons of water per year
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High Efficiency Urinals
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Understand the importance of independent testing to all product standards and the differences between various third-party
certifications.
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Learning Objective Two
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International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
• Uniform Plumbing Code• More prevalent in the West
International Code Council• International Plumbing Code• More prevalent in the East
Plumbing Heating Cooling Contractors of America
• National Standard Plumbing Code
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IAPMO, ICC, and NSPC
The model plumbing and building codes themselves have no legal
status until adopted by jurisdictions such as cities,
counties and states.
Jurisdictions amend model code to better suit local conditions.
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Establishes minimum requirements and standards to protect public health, safety, and welfare.
Applies to erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, replacement, addition to, use, or maintenance of plumbing systems in a jurisdiction.
Addresses:• Potable water, building supply & distribution
pipes• Plumbing fixtures and traps• Drainage and vent pipes• Building drains and sewers• Potable water piping• Potable water treating or using equipment• Medical gas and medical vacuum systems• Liquid and fuel gas piping• Water heaters and vents
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2015 U.P.C. & I.P.C. Codes
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• Section 301.1 of the UPC requires all fixtures and fittings to conform to product standards - Table 14-1
• ASNI/ASME 112.19.2 addresses both the material and performance requirements for ceramic fixtures, including Water Closets and Urinals with a flushometers valve.
• ASSE 1037 addresses Pressurized Flushing Devices for plumbing fixtures (flushometers valve)
• Be aware that products should meet current standards-not legacy or outdated ones
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Plumbing Products Must Meet Product Standards
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For example, water closets and urinals must meet all of the requirements of ASME A112.19.2-2013. Prior to 2003 the Standard was a combination of A112.19.6. Flushometers must meet the currnet ASSE 1037-2015 standard.
ASNI/ASME A112.19.2 does not allow manipulations of the valve in between the pressure testing threshold (19.6 allowed adjustments). The combination of products must meet the performance standards at 80 psi then 35 or 45 psi (depending on the fixture) without any adjustments made at the flush valve.
ASNI/ASME A112.19.6 REMOVAL OF SOLID Sect 7.1.3.1 BALL TEST is now found in section 7.8 of A112.19.2 but no longer has the 75 out of 100 ball requirement for flushing. It is instead used to calculate the total drain line carry.
Testing for both versions is 25 GPM at 35 PSI (not 60 PSI) for a regular bowl & 25 GPM at 45 PSI for Blowout bowls
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Plumbing Products Must Meet Product Standards
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• Importance of Product Standards– Independent Testing to ALL requirements– Third party validation of Independent
Testing– Product Certification only after proper
validation
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Plumbing Products Must Meet Product Standards
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• These are important examples of changes to product standards that were implemented to meet the greater demands of product performance with less water being utilized. In essence, doing a better job while using less water.
• Toilet testing• Drain line carry• Water pressure• MaP Soild waste extraction testing• Life Cycle Testing• More stringent tolerance and testing protocols
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H.E. Performance Changes to Product Standard
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Discuss how the current codes and standards have reduced water consumption rates and how there is a lack of consistency between federal, state, and local
regulations.
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Learning Objective Three
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U.S. Standards, Codes, and Voluntary Initiatives for Water Efficient Indoor Products and Systems
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Lack of consistency between federal, state and local regulations.
Many jurisdictions are setting new product standards:
• Sets threshold maximums more stringent than those of Federal government
• Offers incentives to building owners and businesses to retrofit non-efficient plumbing fixtures and appliances with water efficient products
• Encourages water conservation through education and public outreach
• Sets incentive-based water and sewer rates• Penalizes users for wasteful consumption
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Status of Legislation & Regulation
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Federal law for maximum water use by sanitary plumbing fixtures hasn’t changed for 20+ years:
• Toilets 1.6 gpf• Urinals 1.0 gpf• Until 2010 states were prohibited from
adopting lower thresholds
Preemption lifted December 22, 2010 by DOE for:
• Faucets • Showerheads• Water closets• Urinals
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Status of Legislation & Regulation
States and other jurisdictions are now
permitted to establish their own water use maximums for these
products.
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California’s 2007 Assembly Bill 715:• Established new thresholds for water closet/urinal efficiency• 1st major step in mandating HETs and HEUs in U.S.• California no longer allowed Federal standard 1.6 gpf toilets and 1.0
gpf urinals beginning 1/1/2014
California thresholds became:• Water closets 1.28 gpf• Urinals 0.5 gpf
Now due to drought California mandates:• 0.125 gpf, or non-water and hybrid urinals • Lowering showerhead and residential lavatory flow rates
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Status of Legislation & Regulation
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Other major jurisdictions followed AB715with similar legislation:
• Texas• Georgia• Colorado• New York City• Miami-Dade and Broward Counties, FL
Green Building Initiative’s standard has no prerequisite requiring HETs and HEUs, which is detrimental long term to:
• Green building standards and model codes
• Manufacturers and their distribution structure
• Consumers and businesses
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Status of Legislation and Regulation
Currently, 29.7% of the U.S. population is subject to more
stringent requirements for indoor plumbing
fixtures
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The Alliance for Water Efficiency advocates for uniform plumbing water efficiency provisions within codes and standards:
• Points are not “earned” by a building design for merely meeting minimum code requirements
• Compliance with green provisions readily compared against same yardstick across U.S.
• Manufacturers, distributors and other not required to produce multiple product models
• Users/owners benefit from superior performance of high-efficiency models
**Note: Predominant ‘green’ plumbing codes have tabled reductions in toilet consumption levels for commercial applications pending drainline transport research.
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Status of Legislation & Regulation
Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve
We hope you now have a better understanding of how many entities are involved, and how many codes, standards, and voluntary initiatives come into play when discussing regulatory compliance for water efficiency in commercial plumbing. Third party independent testing offers a level playing field amongst these organizations and regulations in order to truly minimize water consumption while maintaining optimal performance of commercial plumbing fixtures and fittings.Product selection for your projects should always include only those products that are third party tested and certified.
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Summary