advancements in safety features of automobiles

8/13/2019 Advancements in Safety Features of Automobiles

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Automobile Safety FeaturesAndrew D. Bushner

November 20, 2013

ME 407A Mechanical EngineeringSeminar


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Agenda

History of basic safety features

Modern day advancements

Future technology

Problems


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History Seat Belt

Feb. 10, 1885 Edward J. Claghorn

Designed to be applied

to the person, and

provided with hooks andother attachments forsecuring the person to a fixed object.

1959 Volvo Nils Bohlin invented 3-point seat belt

1968 Federal seat belt law took effect


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History Antilock Brake System

1929 Gabriel Voisin ABS for aircraft

1960s Ferguson P99, Jensen FF, Ford Zodiac Limited use in cars

1978 - Robert Bosch

Mercedes-Benz offersworlds first production

electronic ABS


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History Head Restraint

1950s and 1960s Vehicle manufacturers and safety research

institutions devised head restraints

1969 - National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration


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History Air Bag

1953 John W. Hetrick First to be issued a patent for airbag

1967 Allen K. Breed

Mechanically-based ball-in-tube component

1973 - Oldsmobile Toronado

First car with passenger airbag

1974 Ford and G.M.

Dual airbags offered 1995 Volvo

Side/torso airbags offered

1998 Federal Gov.

Dual frontal airbags mandated


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History Electronic Stability Control

1987 Mercedes-Benzand BMW introducedtraction control

1992 Bosch

Electronic StabilityProgramme to controllateral slippage

1997 G.M. and Delphi Corporation StabiliTrak available on select Cadillacs

2000 Ford introduced AdvanceTrac

2007 - StabiliTrak standard on all G.M. SUVs


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Modern Day Advancements

Lane Departure Warning Introduced in America on 2005 Infiniti FX

Uses cameras mounted on rearview mirror

Warnings include

lights, sounds, or

vibrations

Also known as

Lane Keeping Assist


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Enhanced Visibility 2000 Passive Night

Vision

Uses thermographic camera

Cadillac Deville

2002 Active NightVision

Uses infrared light

Lexus Lx470


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Enhanced Visibility Adaptive headlights

1948 Tucker Sedan

Advanced Front Lighting

System


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Cameras/Sensors Rear view systems

Can be camera or sensors

Show and alert driver of objects when reversing

Blind spot monitoring

Uses ultrasonic

sensors on each side

of the vehicle

Alerts driver of

vehicles in blind spot

Can counter steer

if needed


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Active Braking Systems Preliminary systems

E.g. Brake Assist

Detect emergency braking situations

Advanced systems E.g. Mercedes Brake Assist System Plus

Uses radar and

cameras to detect

potential collisions Adaptive Cruise

Control

Slows down and

speeds up automatically


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Predictive Forward Collision Warning Can analyze speed and distance of 2 vehicles ahead

Audiovisual alerts of potential risks

Capable of:

Pre-charging brakes or applying full brakes Positioning headrests

Tightening seat belts

Closing windows and sunroofs


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Future Technology

Autonomous Emergency Steering System Nissan announced system in late 2012

If the system determines a collision is imminent,car will apply brakes and steer if necessary

http://youtu.be/Jzd3XaBoBZo (0:47 and 2:00)
http://youtu.be/Jzd3XaBoBZohttp://youtu.be/Jzd3XaBoBZohttp://youtu.be/Jzd3XaBoBZo


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Future Technology

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Being tested by companies like Ford

Wireless exchange of data between nearby vehicles

Information exchanged would include direction,

speed, and location


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Future Technology

Mercedes-Benz Braking Bag Started research in late 2009

Airbag inflates 80-100 milliseconds before collision

Installed between the front axle and underbody

Coated with rubber and steel for friction


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Problems

No one to take blame should an accident occur

Expensive

Cars easily totaled in accidents

Malfunctions


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Resources http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/#.Uok-UMTUmvQ

http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_legislation_in_the_United_States

http://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.do

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htm

http://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/regrev/evaluate/806108.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control

http://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_vision

http://www.bosch-automotivetechnology.com/en/de/driving_comfort/driving_comfort_systems_for_passenger_cars_1/driver_assistance_systems_4/driver_assistance_systems_5.html

http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/Active-Braking-Systems/

http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/predictive.html

http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/TECHNOLOGY/OVERVIEW/autonomous_emergency_steering_system.html

http://www.philstar.com/motoring/2013/07/24/1004581/4-future-automotive-safety-technologies

http://www.carlightingselector.com/en/features.html

http://www.its.dot.gov/research/v2v.htm

http://www.boston.com/cars/newsandreviews/overdrive/2010/03/a_mercedes_airbag_for_the

_unde.html
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tivetechnology.com/en/de/driving_comfort/driving_comfort_systems_for_passenger_cars_1/driver_assistance_systems_4/driver_assistance_systems_5.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_visionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_visionhttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://www.dmv.org/how-to-guides/lane.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_controlhttp://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/regrev/evaluate/806108.htmlhttp://www.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/regrev/evaluate/806108.htmlhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htmhttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://www.motorweb.co.nz/abs-and-vehicle-stability-systems.dohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_legislation_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_legislation_in_the_United_Stateshttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/History-Of-Seat-Belts.htmhttp://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/http://blog.esurance.com/seat-belt-history/


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