RECENT ADVANCES IN PHARMACY

Dr.Y.SRINIVAS RAO,Dr.B.BHAVANI,*B.PRATYUSHA*

VIGNAN ISTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

1.Balloon Angioplasty

2.Nerve Regeneration

3.Cancer spit test

BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY

The new bio-absorbable stent , which can dissolve

completely after some 18-odd months in the blood vessel , is

set to revolutionize the treatment of cardiac problems in

India

Angioplasty and stenting are usually done through a small

puncture, or sometimes a small incision, in your skin, called

the access site.

Your vascular surgeon inserts a long, thin tube called a

catheter through this access site.

Using X-ray guidance, your physician then guides the

catheter through your blood vessels to the blocked area

The tip of the catheter carries the angioplasty balloon or

stent.

Doctors at the National University Heart

Centre, Singapore (NUHCS) started using

the new stent from February 2011 as part

of a global clinical trial that is still on

More than 600 patients have taken part

in the trial, which aims to have 1,000

patients from up to 100 centres in

Europe, the Asia-Pacific, Canada and

Latin America.

It will cost Rs 2.85 to 3 lakh for each stent ,

and the entire hospitalization may cost a

patient over Rs 4 lakh for a single stent

NERVE REGENERATION

New discovery gives hope that nerves could be repaired after

spinal cord injury

Researchers from Imperial College London and the Hertie

Institute, University of Tuebingen have identified a possible

mechanism for re-growing damaged nerve fibres in the

central nervous system (CNS).

The research highlights the role of a protein called

P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), which appears to be

essential for the series of chemical and genetic events that

allow nerves to regenerate.

A Nano gel developed at Northwestern University eliminates

that impediment

Injected as a liquid, the Nano gel self-assembles into a

scaffold of nanofibers.

Peptides expressed in the fibers instruct stem cells that

would normally form scar tissue to produce cells that

encourage nerve development.

CANCER SPIT TEST

Researchers at Johns Hopkins led a proof-of-principle study

that successfully identified tumor DNA shed into the blood

and saliva of 93 patients with head and neck cancer.

Detection of somatic mutations and HPV in the saliva and

plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell

carcinoma.

Blood tests appeared to find more cancers in the larynx,

hypopharynx, and oropharynx.

Inborn genetic predispositions for most head and neck

cancers are rare, but other mutations that don't generally

occur in normal cells have long been considered good targets

for screening tests

The scientists detected tumor DNA in the saliva of 71 of the

93 patients (76%) and in the blood of 41 of the 47 (87%).

saliva tests fared better than blood tests for oral cavity cancers.

ADVANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

1. Nano cosmeceuticals

2. Topical delivery system for phytochemicals

Liposomes are used in a variety of cosmeceuticals

because they are biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic,

and flexible vesicles and can encapsulate active ingredients

easily.

Silver nanoparticles are used in cosmeceuticals

for their antimicrobial activity.

Cosmeceuticals infer products with more advance function

through combination of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Cosmeceuticals can benefit greatly from nanotechnology

NANOCOSMECEUTICALS

when Nano-sized TiO2 administered subcutaneously to

pregnant mice, they transferred to the offspring and result

in brain damage and reduced sperm production in male

offspring

Oro Gold Cosmetics, whose products cost as much as $1,398 for a

face mask, includes gold nanoparticles in its formulas and claims that

these nanoparticles have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant

properties, drive tissue regeneration, restore skin elasticity, and

reduce signs of stress and aging

Top FIVE nanotechnology cosmetic products in the world

Sunscreens

The most popular nanomaterials used in sunscreens are

Nano particulate Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide

(TIO2).

Lancôme and Dior have leading sunscreen products that

contain nanotechnology

Skin moisturizers

The most widely used nanomaterials are Liposomes, Nano-

emulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles.

Lancôme and Nano-Infinity Nanotech are two cosmetic

companies which produce skin moisturizers

Anti-wrinkle products

The most popular brand in nanotechnology antiwrinkle

products is L'Oréal, which markets an antiwrinkle cream

named Ravtalift which contains nanosomes with Pro-retinol

A; a modified version of vitamin A specially designed to

deliver the nutrient to cells

Lancôme also markets a moisturizing antiwrinkle product by

the name of Hydra Zen cream which contains nutrients

encapsulated in a Nano sized particle.

Especially Nano emulsions is emerging as a great method of

delivering hair cosmetics to the inner structure of the hair

fiber without damaging outer shell called cuticle due to their

small size. Another very active area of nanotechnology hair

care is sericin nanoparticles, primarily as a sealing agent for

damaged hair to treat damaged cuticles.

Hair care

Skin cleansers

Nanoemulsions and antibacterial nanoparticles have been

used to prepare nanotechnology based cosmeceuticals that

can provide better cleansing effects

TOPICAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS

phytochemicals suffer from limited bioavailability and their full

potentials as medicine remains hampered by their physicochemical

properties

Capsaicinoids, acid amides of vanyllylamine and C9-C11

branched chain fatty acids, are alkaloids present in Capsicum

fruit.

The two major capsaicinoids present in the most varieties of

Capsicum fruit are capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which

make up more than 91% of the total capsaicinoids.

Carbopol gels are prepared using liposome or ethosome

suspensions which are used topically.

The incorporation of capsaicin into phospholipid vesicles is

expected to increase its skin penetration, resulting in

increased localized effect even at lower doses as compared

with conventional creams and ointments.

Capsicum tincture was prepared according to Japanese

Pharmacopoeia XIII

Liposomes were prepared by the modified film method and

ethosomes are also prepared

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY

1. Anti-Parkinson Activity of Petroleum Ether Extract of Ficus religiosa (L.) Leaves

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by the gradual and

selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

pars compacta

Oxidative stress interferes with dopamine metabolism

leading to Parkinson’s disease.

The current available drug treatments for PD possess various

side effects.

herbal therapies should be considered as

alternative/complementary medicines for therapeutic

approach.

Anti-Parkinson Activity of Petroleum Ether Extract of Ficus

religiosa (L.) Leaves

Fresh leaves of Ficus religiosa were collected from local area

of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat, India, during July–

September.

Adult male Wistar rats, weighing 180–220 g, and albino mice

of either sex weighing 25–30 g were used and acclimatized

to laboratory condition for one week.

Coarsely powdered plant material (1000 g) was weighed and

extracted with 5 lit of solvents like petroleum ether (60–

80°C), ethyl acetate, and ethanol by successive extraction in

a Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h.

Treatment with F. religiosa significantly reduced the

catalepsy in haloperidol treated rats in dose dependent

manner.

Haloperidol, an antipsychotic drug, blocks central dopamine

receptor in striatum

References

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/aps/2016/9436106/

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=capsaicin+nanoparticles&biw=1366&bih=657&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE8PuSy_zKAhUFEpQKHarEANEQ_AUIBSgA&dpr=1#q=recent+advances+in+pharmacognosy+in+india

http://www.annexpublishers.com/full-text/JPDD/201/Topical-delivery-system-for-phytochemicals-capsaicin-and-capsicum-tincture.php

https://ninithi.com/2015/08/16/top-five-nanotechnology-cosmetic-products-in-the-world/

http://www.journalonweb.com/japtr/

http://www.japtr.org/article.asp?issn=2231-

4040;year=2016;volume=7;issue=1;spage=1;epage=1;aulast

=Nagaich

http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/spit-and-

blood-tests-successfully-detect-tumor-dna-from-head-and-

neck-cancers/81251434/

http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/04/Spi

nalCordInjury.html

http://www.fiercemedicaldevices.com/story/bioresorbable-

stents-hit-india-most-cant-afford-them/2012-12-17