advertising in insurancedefinition of insurance

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    ADVERTISING IN INSURANCEDefinition of Insurance, in law andeconomics, is a form of risk management primarily used tohedge againstthe risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitabletransfer of therisk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a

    premium, and can be thought of as aguaranteed small loss to prevent alarge, possibly devastating loss. An insurer is a companyselling theinsurance; an insured is the person or entity buying the insurance. Theinsurance rateis a factor used to determine the amount to be charged fora certain amount of insurancecoverage, called the premium. Riskmanagement, the practice of appraising and controlling risk,has evolvedas a discrete field of study and practice.One Definition Of Advertising Is:

    "Advertising is the non personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services orideas byidentified sponsors through the various media."(Bovey, 1992, p.7) So much for academicdoubletalk. Now let's take this statementapart and see what it means. NON-PERSONALFirst, what is "no-

    personal"? There are two basic ways to sell anything: personally andnon- personally. Personal selling requires the seller and the buyer to get together. There areadvantages and disadvantages to this. The first advantageis time: the seller has time to discuss indetail everything about the

    product. The buyer has time to ask questions, get answers, andexamineevidence for or against purchase.A second advantage of personal sellingis that the seller can see you. the person rheas selling to.Rhea can seeyour face; see how the sales message is getting across. If you yawn oryour eyesshift away, you're obviously bored, and the seller can changeapproach. Rhea can also see if you're hooked, see what features or

    benefits have your attention, and emphasize them to closethesale.Finally, the seller can easily locate potential buyers. If you entera store, you probably have aninterest in something that store sells. Streetvendors and door-to-door sellers can simply shout at possibilities, likethe Hyde Park (London) vendors who call out, "I saythere, Guv'nor, can youuse a set of these dishes?", or knock at the doorand start their spiel with an attention grabber.From there on they fit their

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    message to the individual customer, taking all the time a customeriswilling to give them.Disadvantages do exist. Personal selling is,naturally enough, expensive, since it is labor-intensive and deals withonly one buyer at a time. Just imagine trying to sell chewing gumor guitar picks one-on-one; it would cost a dollar a stick or pick.

    In addition, its advantage of time is also a disadvantage. Personal sellingis time-consuming.Selling a stereo or a car can take days, and majorcomputer and airplane sales cantake years. Nonetheless, although personal selling results in more rejections than sales, and can be nerve-racking, frustrating and ego destroyingfor the salesperson, when the salesperson is good it ismore directed andsuccessful than advertising.From the above, it appears that personalselling is much better than advertising, which is non- personal. This istrue. Advertising has none of the advantages of personal selling:there is verylittle time in which to present the sales message, there is noway to know just who the customer is or how rhea is responding to themessage, the message cannot be changed in mid-course to suitthe

    customer's reactions.Then why bother with advertising? Because itsadvantages exactly replace the disadvantages of personal selling andcan emulate some of the advantages. First let's look at the latter.First,advertising has, comparatively speaking, all the time in the world.Unlike personal selling,the sales message and its presentation does nothave to be created on the spot with the customer watching. It can becreated in as many ways as the writer can conceive, be rewritten,

    tested,modified, injected with every trick and appeal known to affectconsumers. (Some of the latter isthe content of this book.)Second,although advertisers may not see the individual customer, nor be able tomodify thesales message according to that individual's reactions at thetime, it does have research aboutcustomers. The research can identify

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    potential customers, find what message elements mightinfluence them,and figure out how best to get that message to them. Although theresearch ismeaningless when applied to any particular individual, it is

    effective when applied to largegroups of customers.Third, and perhapsof most importance, advertising can be far cheaper per potentialcustomer than personal selling. Personal selling is extremely labor-intensive, dealing with one customer ata time. Advertising deals withhundreds, thousands, or millions of customers at a time, reducingthe cost

    per customer to mere pennies. In fact, advertising costs are determinedin part using aformula to determine, not cost per potential customer, butcost per thousand potential customers.Thus, it appears that advertising isa good idea as a sales tool. For small ticket items, such aschewing gumand guitar picks, advertising is cost effective to do the entire selling job.For largeticket items, such as cars and computers, advertising can do alarge part of the selling job, and personal selling is used to complete andclose the sale.

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    Advertising Is Non-Personal, But Effective.COMMUNICATIONCommunication means not only speech or pictures, but any way one

    person can passinformation, ideas or feelings to another. Thuscommunication uses all of the senses: smell,touch, taste, sound andsight. Of the five, only two are really useful in advertising -- soundandsight.SMELLSmell is an extremely strong form of communication.However, when it comes to advertising, itis not very useful. A smell canimmediately evoke memories. Remember times when you'vesmelledsomething and what memories came to your mind. The smell could be a

    perfume or aftershave that reminds you of Sheila or George. It could be popcorn, newly mown grass, char- broiling steak, or roses. Any smellcan conjure up a memory for you.However, that is smell's greatest

    problem for advertising. Although a smell can evoke a

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    memory,everyone's memories are different. For example, the smell ofhay in a cow barn always remindsme of my grandfather's farm inIndiana and the fun I had there as a child. To others, however,that samesmell makes them think a cow had an accident in the living room, not atall the sameresponse as mine. If an advertiser wanted to make menostalgic about farms and grandparents,the smell would be perfect. Toothers the smell might evoke ideas of cow accidents or the painof having to buck bales on a hot summer day, neither image of much usein making a productappealing.The point is, the effect of using smell inadvertising cannot be controlled by the advertiser.Although many peoplesmell the same things, what they associate with those smells varieswitheach person. Without some control, smell is a very weak form of

    communication for advertising.TouchTouch has a limitation that makes it of little use to advertising -- thecustomer has to come inactual contact with the item to be touched. Thusthe item must actually exist and be put in amedium that can carry it. This

    puts touch more in the realm of personal selling than advertising.It is possible to use touch for a limited number of products. For example,samples of cloth or paper can be bound into magazines. The potentialcustomer can thus feel percale or the texture of corduroy; tell throughtouch the difference between slick magazine stock, embossing,ClassicLaid or 100% rag paper. However, for the majority of productstouch is useless for advertising.TasteTaste is probably the least useful communication channel available toadvertising. Like touch,taste requires the potential customer to come inactual physical contact with the product.However, taste is even morelimited than touch. There are few products other than food for whichtaste is a major selling point, and there is virtually no medium in whichan ad can be placed that people are likely to lick; I'm sure few people aregoing to lick a magazine page or theTV screen, nor get much sense ofwhat the product tastes like from them. It is possible to usedirect mail,sending samples to homes, but that is an expensive way toadvertise.Thus, taste is much more effective in personal selling, such as

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    arguments.There is an additional factor in sight that makes it excellentfor advertising. The old cliche, "A picture is worth a thousand words," iscorrect. Think how long it takes to describe something asopposed toshowing a picture of it. No matter how many words you use, somedetails will be leftout that are visible at a glance. Thus sight can quicklyand concisely show a customer what theadvertiser wants her to see, be ita product or how buying the product can benefit rher.The five forms ofhuman communication can be used to send any message to

    potentialcustomers. However, not all five are equal. Smell, touch andtaste are of little use, but sound andsight are of great valueand effectiveness.INFORMATION

    Information is defined as knowledge, facts or news. However, youshould bear in mind thatone person's information is another person's scam, particularly when advertisers talk about their products.Information comes in many forms. Itcan be complete or incomplete. It can be biased or deceptive. Completeinformation is telling someone everything there is to knowaboutsomething: what it is, what it looks like, how it works, what its

    benefits and drawbacks are.However, to provide complete informationabout anything is time consuming and difficult. For example, to tell allabout a car would require its appearance, manufacture andmanufacturer,what percentage of parts are made in which countries, costof upkeep, mileage (city andhighway), cost (basic and with any and allcombination of options), sales and excise taxes per state, preparationcosts, insurance costs per state and locale, ride characteristics (noise bydbinterior and exterior, ergs required for steering and braking, relativecomfort of seats, length of reach required to use controls, degrees of leanwhen cornering), acceleration, braking distance atmany different speeds,etc.. All of this would require a documentary, not acommercial.Complete information is impossible to provide in anad.Thus, for advertising, information must of necessity be incomplete,not discussing everythingthere is to know about the subject. Inadvertising, what appears is everything the writer thinks the

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    customer needs to know about the product in order to make a decisionabout the product. Thatinformation will generally be about how the

    product can benefit the customer.There is, of course, the concept ofaffirmative disclosure. This concept requires an advertiserto provide customers with any information that could materially affect their purchase decision.Lewis A. England, FTC Chair in 1974,said:"Sometimes the consumer is provided not with information hewants but only with theinformation the seller wants him to have. Sellers,for instance, are not inclined to advertisenegative aspects their productseven though those aspects may be of primary concern to theconsumer,

    particularly if they involve considerations of health or safety . . . "TheFederal Trade Commission deals with such omissions by demanding

    affirmative disclosureof such information, and backs up their demandswith the force of law.Bias is being partial towards something, feelingthat something is better or worse than other things. Biased informationabout a product is that which emphasizes what is good and ignoreswhatis bad about it. In advertising this is not only normal, but necessary. Ofcourse an advertiser is biased toward her own product and against thecompetition: selling her product is the way rhemakes her money, and hercompetition's sales reduce that income. Thus any advertising willusewords and images that show how good rhea product is and/or how

    poor rhea competition's is.This is biased information,Different Types of AdvertisingAdvertising is the promotion of a companys products and servicescarried out primarily to drivesales of the products and services but alsoto build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product/services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential elementof thecorporate world and hence the companies allot a considerableamount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are severalreasons for advertising some of which are as follows:y

    Increasing the sales of the product/servicey

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    Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image.y

    Communicating a change in the existing product line.y

    Introduction of a new product or service.y

    Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company.Thus, severalreasons for advertising and similarly there exist various media which can

    beeffectively used for advertising. Based on these criteria there can be

    several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the variouscategories or types of advertising:Print Advertising Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliersthe print media have always

    been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products vianewspapersor magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print mediaalso offersoptions like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising

    purposes. Often the newspapers andthe magazines sell the advertisingspace according to the area occupied by the advertisement,the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing anadvertisement in a popular newspaper with a high readership.The priceof print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, forexample anadvertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higherthan that in the newspaper supplementwhich uses a mediocre quality

    paper.Outdoor Advertising Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and EventsOutdoor advertising is alsoa very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several toolsandtechniques to attract the customers outdoors. The most commonexamples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also severalevents and tradeshows organized by thecompany. The billboard

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    advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchyinorder to grab the attention of the passers by. The kiosks not only

    provide an easy outlet for thecompany products but also make for aneffective advertising tool to promote thecompanys products. Organizing several events or sponsoring them mak es for an excellent advertisingopportunity. The company can organizetrade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertisingtheir products. If not this, the company can organize several events thatare closely associated withtheir field. For instance a company thatmanufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sportstournament to advertiseits products.Broadcast advertising

    Television, Radio and the InternetBroadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes of several branchesliketelevision, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have beenvery popular ever sincethey have been introduced. The cost of televisionadvertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the timeof broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of thetelevision channel on which the advertisement is going to be

    broadcasted. The radio mighthave lost its charm owing to the new agemedia however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scaleadvertisers. The radio jingles have been very popular advertising mediaand have alarge impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact thatmany people still remember andenjoy the popular radio jingles.Covert Advertising Advertising in MoviesCovert advertising is a unique kind ofadvertising in which a product or a particular brand isincorporated insome entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows orevensports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand orthe product is subtly( or sometimes evidently) showcased in theentertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort ofadvertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on TomCruises phone in the movie Minority Report

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    , or the use ofCadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded.Surrogate Advertising Advertising IndirectlySurrogate advertising is prominently seen incases where advertising a particular product is banned by law.Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injuriousto heathare prohibited by law in several countries and hence thesecompanies have to come up withseveral other products that might havethe same brand name and indirectly remind people of thecigarettes or

    beer bottles of the same brand. Common examples include Fosters andKingfisher beer brands, which are often seen to promote their brandwith the help of surrogate advertising.Public Service Advertising Advertising for Social CausesPublic service advertising is a techniquethat makes use of advertising as an effectivecommunication medium toconvey socially relevant messaged about important matters andsocialwelfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity,deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. David Ogilvy who isconsidered to be one of the pioneers of advertising andmarketingconcepts had reportedly encouraged the use of advertising field for asocial cause.Ogilvy once said,"Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest - it ismuchtoo powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.". Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world inorder to

    promote various social causes. In USA, the radio and television stationsare granted onthe basis of a fixed amount of Public serviceadvertisements aired by the channel.Celebrity advertisingalthough the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern

    day consumer gettingimmune to the exaggerated claims made in amajority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still

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    bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products.Using celebrities for advertising involves signing up celebritiesfor advertising campaigns, whichconsist of all sorts of advertisingincluding, television ads or even print advertisements.Advertising; New Effort by Insurance InstituteLEAD: IN carrying out the industry's mandate, the 29-year-oldInsurance InformationInstitute publishes brochures, monographs and books; does original research; sponsors seminars, andtrains speakers for radio and television.INcarrying out the industry's mandate, the 29-year-old InsuranceInformation Institute publishes brochures, monographs and books; doesoriginal research; sponsors seminars, and trains speakersfor radio and

    television.In the last five years it has discovered the mass-communications value of advertising. At first thecommitment was asmall one, an inexpensive print effort in the so-called thought-leader magazines, or small-circulation intellectual publications. Then itmoved cautiously intotelevision, and before you knew it the institute wasspending millions of dollars annually on suchcauses as cracking downon drunken driving and curbing liability litigation.Mechlin D. Moore,

    president of the institute, and Alan M. Siegel, chairman of Siegel &Gale, thedesign firm that does its advertising, have a number of storiesthat they say show theeffectiveness of their efforts.At the moment theyare awaiting the beginning of the 1988 advertising campaign, which,despitethe great successes of recent television commercials, will beentirely in magazines. The reason,Mr. Siegel said, is that the client wantsto give a selectively targeted audience a lot of information and offereven more information through couponed ads.With a $6 million budget,it will run 74 two-page black-and-white spreads between now andDec.31 in magazines.''We will reach 74 percent of all adults, 18 and above,about 11 times,'' said Eliot Pussman,executive vice president of Siegel &Gale.This year's campaign, Mr. Siegel said, ''extends the imagecampaign to explain how theinsurance mechanism works, speaking ofthe benefits in addition to economic protection.''Using specificexamples, ads tell all the things that insurance companies did for ahomeowner and a small business that were burned out. Another ad talks

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    industry's contributions in the area of auto, product and workplacesafety.When you want to advertise about your truck insurance productsand services, you have so manyoptions. You can choose from the

    different types of advertising available to you to conveyyour message.You can use TV advertising, press advertising, mobile billboard, web advertising, phone calls,word of mouth advertising,yellow page advertising, radio advertising, product placement and soonfor commercial truck insurance and cargo insurance advertisements.Theeffectiveness of a truck insurance advertising depends on its use, target,investment, creationand implementation. The effectiveness is alsoaffected by the support of one to another. In a communication program,the medium has role to play. The effectiveness depends on the

    playingthat role successfully.You may be provided with biasedinformation about the effectiveness of a truck insuranceadvertising type,

    by the players working in that field of truck insurance. So for a neutralidea onthe effectiveness you have to see all the perspectives.Everycommercial truck and cargo advertising type has its effectiveness insome places and insome situations. It depends on when and how you useit. Make an advertising campaigninnovative and interesting to getsuccess with it. To see an example of a good advertisement see NationalIndependent Truckers Insurance Company, RRG. created TVcommercial atSo many variables decide the effectiveness of theadvertising type in case of truck insurance andcargo insurance. The sizeof ad, time of placement, target audience, the advertisement itselfetcdecide the effectiveness of that type of advertising. Creativity is

    another big factor in cargo andtruck insurance advertising.

    Following are the factors that help in measuring effectiveness of a typeof advertising used in commercial truck and cargo insurance. They arethe metrics inadvertising.

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    Impressions- Number of people exposed to the advertisement.Frequency- number of times your truck insurance advertising reached each

    peopleClickthroughs The number of people who clicked on youradvertisementPost-impression visitors Visit by the visitor, at a latertimeWebsite traffic in unique visitors increase in word-of-mouthSales what is the number of sales, amount of sale etc. Some of the statisticsthat shows theeffectiveness and increase in the use of differentadvertising type.In US traditional media is still have a big place inadvertising. There are 13,599 radio stations,2,890 broadcast TV stations,

    plus unlimited cable and satellite TV outlets, 2,366 dailynewspapers,thousands of internet sites are working in the advertising field. There arealso

    other players like direct mail, magazines, outdoor advertising, and other special and alternativeadvertising working in advertising.The revenueearning is varies according to the number of players. Radio earns $20

    billionannually, TV stations, cable, satellite TV stations together earn$67 billion, newspapers earn $49 billion, direct mail earns $24 billion,outdoor advertising earn $6.8 billion annually in revenue.

    New media and technologies in advertising like blogs, mobile phone based advertising, podcasting, satellite radio, cable TV programming on-demand and online social networks arealso doing well now.In general,considering each one alone, Press is the highest proportion revenueearner inadvertising. TV comes in the second position. Internet isgrowing at a very fast rate. Its share isrising in the advertising industry(source: Advertising Association).Search marketing represents 39% ofall online advertising spending and will account for 44% of online adspending in 2010. Share of the different search engine marketing waysare 51% on paidsearch ads, 12% on search marketing agency fees for

    paid search, 6% on paid inclusion, 11% onsearch marketing agency feesfor optimization, 10% on contextual ads and 11% on other areasof search marketing. ---- Forrester ResearchAccording to a prediction,online advertising market will grow nearly $10 billion over the nextfewyears. Internet advertising will increase from $6.6 billion in 2003 to$16.1 billion in 2009. ---- JupiterBenefits

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    Your articles will be sent to one of our over 400+ niche daily emailalerts that notify our permission-based email list members whenevernew articles are available that match their unique interest.Insurance Advertising - Discover How Independent Insurance AgentsGenerateLeadsEach day, more and more Insurance Agents are leaving the captivecorporate world to ventureinto the realm of independent insurance agent.Rather than being locked into selling one major insurance carrier's

    branded product line, they opt to offer a larger variety of policies,services andcosts; coinciding with the demand of consumers wanting tohave choices and options atcompetitive prices.As we are well aware, thisis no longer a "seller's market", but an "informed buyer's". People,

    ingeneral, are armed with more information than ever before. So, howdo you, the independentinsurance agent, stand out from the other 100'sof agents in your city? What marketing avenuesare available to you sothat you capture the prospective buyer's attention and convert them intoa prospect and ultimately a long-term client? And which ones work?Regardless of your target audience, whether you have inched your focusto be product specific,or if you are targeting a certain populationsegment; you need to investigate the various forms of advertisingavailable to you, the costs of such programs and the pros andcons.Below is a breakdown of the most commonly used forms ofadvertising for the independentinsurance agency, and the pros and consof each.Television AdvertisingAs the average American spends more time in front of the television, itshould be no surprise thatthis is one of the most sought after forms ofmarketing available.

    larger and more diverse segment of the

    network, reaching your intended audience easierconsumers are engaged by a combination of movement, color, what theysee andwhat they hear, this gives most businesses a platform to achieve

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    prestCost for hiring a marketing agency to lay-out and film your insurance

    - no longer are we impressed withsomeone reading off a teleprompt,they want to be enter

    recorders has increased, giving consumers the ability to fast-forwardthrough commercials when watching their favorite showsManyexperts would agree that if you have the extra capital in your marketing

    budget toincorporate television into your advertising that you should.However, it is important that youresearch different advertising firms tohelp you explore your options with regards to creatingyour on-airadvertisement, the best way to target your audience and keep within

    your planned budget. Newspaper advertising and local weekly shoppersWith regards to print advertisements, some independent agents turn tolocal newspapers andweekly shoppers to advertise their agencies. Sincemany households either subscribe to at leastone newspaper, or pick themup at their local newsstands, it is a fast and simple way togainrecognition by consumers.

    various advertisements in thedifferent sections of a newspaperhave the choice of large or small circulation papers to advertise your

    Multiple advertisement ad sizes to correspond with varioususually read once

    difficult timestanding out when placed next todistort images and photos in a way that can hurt your marketingrather

    compete for the reader'sattentionLike television advertising, it would be prudent to consult witha professional marketing firm, preferably one that specializesin insurance marketing, to help you design an advertisementthat best captures your targeted audience's attention. The smaller the ad s

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    pace the less detailed andcomplicated the ad should be.Also keep inmind the days the most sought after papers and weekly shoppers are

    printed. Therates for a large advertisement over the weekend will begreater than the same sized ad featuredall week long.Billboards and Signs.While most forms of outdoor advertising are contained within billboardsand large signage, someindependent agencies have broadened the termto include park benches, posters and seat railsat public transit stops. This form of marketing has become a popular, less costly way, whencompared with television and print advertising, toreach a larger audience in major metropolitanareas.

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    Pros:

    "turn off" outdoor

    price due to size and location making it is easier to find one inyour

    engage a consumer's attention forAdvertisements have to be simple and interesting enough for theconsumer to remember ually contractedfor a longer period of time than mostindependent agencies hadanticipated securing them forstops work well in major metropolitan areas wherelower, middle andupper class alike share the same transportation systems, however, notaseffective in areas where public transportation is not as commonIf youfeel various forms of outdoor advertising would be a compliment to your

    business andmarketing plan, consider placement wisely. Consult manyfirms for input and advice on the bestway to stretch your marketingdollar and how they can help you create eye-catching and simpledesignsfor your sign.

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    Internet Advertising.Roughly 90% of all the households across the United States have accessto the internet either athome, at work or at school; making advertising onthe internet the fastest growing marketingmedium for independentinsurance agents. That household percentage goes even higher forthosefamilies with a combined income of $100k or more. However,internet advertising gaining itsstrength only in the last decade or so,there is still a lot an independent agent would need toresearch, as withany form of advertising, beforeCost- you can spend much or as little as your budget

    playing field - the internet gives the independent agent a chance tocompete withthe large insurance carriers with regards to search engine

    or a video; any and all forms of advertising can be featured and found on

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    educated or informed by an agent's personal website - having out-

    The ever changing internet - each of the major search engines changewhat they search for onwebsites constantly with regards to how wellthey rank. Staying on top of these changes can bevery time consumingor expensive if you pay a- consumers are becoming skeptical of entering their personal

    contactinformation online for fear they will have their personalinformation stolen or sold totelemarketing companies and be subject tounwanted emails or phone callsThere are so many options and servicesavailable to the independent insurance agent toeffectively marketthemselves and attract more leads. The form of advertising you choose

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    The 2009 Thumbnail Media Planner provides informationand rates forall major national and local media, includingthe Top 100 Markets. Someexamples:Includes...< Market Research: Population trends, market sizes,

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    Bibliography .http://www.directtruckinsurance.com . http://www.eziearticles.com http://www.coverneinsurance.com http://www.directtruckinsurance.com http://www.6izzle.com/author.asp author=11807 http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~tafline/rhe.html

    http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/http://www.eziearticles.com/http://www.eziearticles.com/http://www.coverneinsurance.com/http://www.coverneinsurance.com/http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/http://www.6izzle.com/author.asp%C7%ABauthor=11807http://www.6izzle.com/author.asp%C7%ABauthor=11807http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~tafline/rhe.htmlhttp://www.wsu.edu:8080/~tafline/rhe.htmlhttp://www.wsu.edu:8080/~tafline/rhe.htmlhttp://www.6izzle.com/author.asp%C7%ABauthor=11807http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/http://www.coverneinsurance.com/http://www.eziearticles.com/http://www.directtruckinsurance.com/