ae basic exam

7/26/2019 Ae Basic Exam

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AE BASIC EXAM

Q1. Hold periods at high loads during fiberglass reinforced pressure

(FRP) vessel examinations using A!" Article 11 are necessar#

to$a. calculate the felicity ratiob. check for leaksc. monitor continuing damaged. measure the Kaiser ratio

Q%. &n acoustic emission testing per A!" ection ' Article 11

sensor spacing on fiberglassreinforced pressure (FRP) pressure

vessels is governed b#$

a. the test article temperatureb. sensor diameter c. attenuationd. the type of couplant

Q*. Ho+ can an examiner be assured that proper contact has been

made bet+een the sensor and the vessel,

e. apply extra couplant around the sensor.f. Use heavy-duty fasteners on sensors and cablesg. Measure the peak amplitude response from a simulated acoustic

emission sourceh. Use a acoustic waveguides

Q-. he source of the energ# of the acoustic emission +ave during

crac/ gro+th is the$

i. acoustic emission sensor j. surface energy of the new crack

k. elastic stress field in the structurel. power supply from the mainframe to the preamplifier

Q0. hich of the follo+ing can be a significant source of bac/ground

noise,

m. inrushing fluidn. windo. radio transmissions

p. all of the above



Q2. he elastic energ# that is released b# materials +hen the#

undergo deformations is called$

q. transformationr. acoustic emissions. brittle fracturet. isotrophy

Q3. 4ne of the t+o ma5or differences in the acoustic emission method

from other forms of 67 is that$

u. acoustic emission relies on visual interpretation of datav. computers are used exclusively for analysis

w. the energy detected is radiated from the defect itselfx. transducers are used to gather data

Q8. 4ne advantage of using acoustic emission over other forms of

67 is that acoustic emission can$

y. be used to evaluate an entire structure during one test. be used to !sie" a discontinuity in a material

aa.determine material thicknessbb.measure thermal gradients within a material

Q9. 7uring loading a metallic structure emits throughout the test

period. hen the load is reduced and then reapplied no

emissions are noted until the previous stress level +as exceeded.

his phenomenon is an example of$

cc. the #unegan corollarydd.the Kaiser effectee.the $elicity ratioff. a %su-&ielson source

Q1:. he founder of modern acoustic emission technolog# +as$

gg.'onrad (arl Krieder hh. )rofessor $irestoneii. *ames '. +olling

jj. *osef Kaiser



Q11. he test most often performed on a structure to determine

maximum sensor spacing is called$

kk. a flaw detection testll. an attenuation testmm. an (M, testnn.a Kaiser test

Q1%. he use of a couplant bet+een the acoustic emission sensor and

the surface of the material being tested is to provide$

oo.protection for the sensor pp.ground loop elimination

qq.a medium through which elastic stress waves can excite an acousticemission sensor

rr. none of the above

Q1*. 7uring a pressure vessel test there is a rapidl# (exponentiall#)

increasing count rate. here are several possible causes. he

operator;s first priorit# to examine the possibilit# that$

ss. the initial system calibration was invalidtt. the vessel is undergoing local yielding due to high secondary stressesuu.failure of the vessel is impendingvv. the level of background noise has increased

Q1-. &n order for an acoustic emission (A") s#stem to detect an active

A" source in a material the A" sensor must be placed$

ww. directly on the ( sourcexx. anywhere in the general vicinity of the ( source as

yy. as far from the ( source as possible. at a standard distance from the ( source

Q10. hich of the follo+ing is measured in meters per second (m<s),

aaa. the time required for a crack to growbbb. the resonant frequency of a materialccc. the velocity of sound in a given materialddd. the rate of strain when a material is being deformed.



Q12. A sensor is positioned * m from an acoustic emission (A")

source. &n a particular component of the A" +ave travels at *:::

m<s ho+ long +ill it ta/e this component to travel from source to

sensor,

eee. millisecondfff. / millisecondsggg. 0 millisecondshhh. 111 milliseconds

Q13. 4ne of the ma5or differences in the acoustic emission 67

method compared to most other 67 methods is that$

iii. acoustic emission relies on visual interpretation data jjj. computers are used exclusively for analysiskkk. acoustic emission directly detects the growth of flawslll. transducers are used to gather data

Q18. hich of the follo+ing facilities the transmission of acoustic

+aves to a t#pical sensor,

mmm. active element

nnn. surface of the test objectooo. couplantppp. damping material

Q19. High amplitude events during the examination of fiberglass

reinforced pressure (FRP) vessels usuall# indicates$

a. fiber breakageb. debondingc. fiber pulloutd. microcracking

Q%:. hen an elastic material is stretched elasticall# the stress is$

a. greater than the strain b. less than the strain

c. proportional to the strain d. equal to the strain



Q%1. hich of the follo+ing terms means a material;s abilit# to resist

crac/ gro+th,

a. ductilityb. toughnessc. hardnessd. resistance

Q%%. A particular accelerometer has a resonant fre=uenc# of *: /H>.

hen used to detect acoustic emission it ?rings@ at this resonant

fre=uenc#. he time bet+een successive pea/s (period) is$

qqq. /1 millisecondsrrr. //./ millisecondssss. /1 microsecondsttt. //./ microseconds

Q%*. 7etection of an acoustic emission signal depends on$

a. duration of the signal exceeding the instrument dead timeb. amplitude of the signal exceeding the thresholdc. risetime of the signal exceeding the lockout timed. frequency spectrum of the signal exceeding the system bandwidth

Q%-. A limitation of the acoustic emission applied to metals is that it$

a. is not immediately repeatableb. can only find defects that break the surfacec. requires vessels to be taken out of service for the testd. requires personnel to be close vessel at high pressures

Q%0. A ma5or benefit of the acoustic emission method is that it$

a. finds smaller cracks than any other methodb. is readily repeatable

c. produces superior images of defects in thick-section steelsd. requires access to the structure only at the sensor locations

Q%2. !AR" is$

a. the Mean coustic 2ingdown 3ignal (nvelopeb. useful as a measure of continuous noisec. often observed to increase with increasing load in tests of damaged

structuresd. all of the above



Q%3. he concept that all or nearl# all materials are capable of

generating acoustic emission +as first set forth in 190: b#$

a. #uneganb. )arryc. Kaiser d. *ohnson

Q%8. A t#pical source mechanism of acoustic emission is$

a. crack growthb. movement of dislocationsc. matrix cracking in fiber-reinforced plasticsd. all of the above

Q%9. he Felicit# ratio is a =uantitative measure best used to evaluate$

a. carbon steel reactorsb. stainless steel pipingc. fiberglass vessels and storage tanksd. 4145 aluminum aircraft structures

Q*:. hen selecting the best sensor fre=uenc# for a particular

acoustic emission test it is important to consider all of thefollo+ing except$

a. attenuation characteristics of the materialb. frequency spectrum and level of background noisec. cable lengthd. sensor spacing

Q*1. After an initial proof test a defect gro+s during a #ear in service.

Acoustic emission can often detect this defect during a second

proof test. 7unegan;s reasoning for this phenomena is that the$

a. second proof test will be done at a higher loadb. Kaiser effect will disappear after one year

c. 6ocal stress field around the defect will be higher during the secondproof test

d Kaiser effects does not apply to flawed materials



Q*%. he positioning of sensors for acoustic emission testing of metal

pressure vessels is commonl# based on$

a. the measured attenuation in the structureb. the need to detect structural flaws at critical locationsc. the velocity of sound in the structured. both a and b

Q**. 4f the follo+ing components +hich one is not considered to be

part of t#pical acoustic emission sensor,

a. electrodes

b. active elementc. acoustic waveguided. backing material

Q*-. hen performing source location +hich of the follo+ing most

directl# affects the accurac# of computed location,

a. accuracy of sensor placementb. physical sie of a sensor

c. sensor frequencyd. sensor couplant

Q*0. &n acoustic emission testing of fiberglassreinforced pressure

(FRP) tan/s and pressure vessels significant activit# on lo+

fre=uenc# sensors and ver# little activit# on high fre=uenc#

sensors normall# indicates$

a. poor7 high frequency sensor location

b. high amplitude7 low frequency emissionsc. fiber breakaged. craing

Q*2. &n acoustic emission testing of fiberglassreinforced pressure

(FRP) tan/s and pressure vessels lo+ fre=uenc# sensors are

used for$

a. eliminating spurious noise sourcesb. low temperature environmentsc. examinations using cable over 0 m 8/11 ft9d. backing up the high frequency sensors



Q*3. hich of the follo+ing factors tend to increase the amplitude of

the acoustic emission response,

a. low strength materialb. small grain siec. absence of discontinuitiesd. high strain rates

Q*8. he hoop stress in a thin+alled pressure vessel is given b# pr\t

+here p is the internal pressure r is the radius of the vessel and t

is the +all thic/ness. he axial stress is$

a. twice the hoop stressb. the same as the hoop stressc. half of the hoop stressd. not directly related to the hoop stress

Q*9. he phrase ?stress intensit# factor@ refers to the$

uuu. stress in the neighborhood of a crackvvv. stress concentration produced by a hole

www. stress needed to break a tensile specimenxxx. ratio of hoop stress to axial stress in a pressure vessel

Q-:. A" is

a. #ynamic and non invasive

b. #ynamic and invasive

c. 3tatic and non invasive

d. 3tatic and invasive

Q-1. A" can be used in detectinga. 3tatic discontinuities

b. :here noise is very heavy

c. ;eological application

d. 2epeated application to find and confirm the result

Q-%. hich +ill give more A"

a. #uctile

b. %igh strength

c. 6ow strengthd. ll



Q-*. hich +ill high A"

a. <hick section

b. <hin section

c. =arying section

d. 3ection having some isotropy

Q--. hich +ill give lo+ A"

a. 6ow temperature

b. +rittle structure

c. nisotropy

d. ll

e. &one

Q-0. hich +ill give more A"

a. 'ast material

b. Martensitic phase

transformation

c. &on homogeneous

d. ll

e. &one



Q-2. hich +ill give lo+ A"

a. Mechanical twinning

b. 6arge grain structure

c. nisotropy

d. ll

e. &one

Q-3. hich +ill give high A"

a. :rought material

b. )lastic transformation

c. #iffusion controlled phase transformation

d. ll

e. &one

Q-8. A" can be used to detect

a. ctive discontinuities

b. ,ncipient fatigue failures

c. 3''

d. a > b only

e. a > b > c

Q-9. hoosing the monitor fre=uenc# is

a. #ictated by the f?f g rule

b. n operator function

c. 3uch that it should be of narrow band nature

d. ll

e. &one

Q0:. Bsual fre=uenc# used in A" is

a. @1 %A B @1 K%A

b. 11 K%A B /11 K%A

c. 11 K%A B @1 M%A

d. K%A B M%A

Q01. he lo+ fre=uenc# limit is covered b# the

a. (lectronic system used

b. +ackground noise

c. Cperator capacity to interpret the result

d. a > b

e. a > b > c



Q0%. Bpper Fre=uenc# limit is

a. 3ystem electronic gain

b. Cperator capacity to interpret result

c. :ave attenuation property of the material

d. a > b > c

Q0*. Caiser effect

a. ffects ( emission

b. 2eversible

c. ,rreversible

d. a and b

e. a7 b and c



Q0-. Caiser effect is

a. Useful in ( application

b. <roublesum in ( application

c. +oth a > b

d. &either a > b

Q00. 7egree of Caiser effect

a. ,s the same for all material

b. ,s difference for difference material

c. 3ame for all material as long as same stress is applied

d. ll

e. &one

Q02.Caiser effect

a. ,ncreases with temperature

b. #ecreases with temperature

c. ,t may become even ero for alloys that exhibit appreciable room

temperature annealing

d. &one

Q03. Caiser effect

a. ,s exhibited by all metals

b. ,s not exhibited by all metals

c. 3ome alloys and materials may not exhibit measurable Kaiser

effect

d. &one

Q08. For the material exhibiting Caiser effect

a. (ach ( signals will occur only once

b. ,f we remove and reapply same stress we can get ( signal

c. +oth a > b

d. &either a > b

Q09. For the material exhibiting Caiser effect

a. ( inspection has a now or never basis

b. 3ame experiment can be repeated by changing the equipment and

operators

c. 'onformation can be done by reapplying same load

d. ll



e. &one

Q2:. o A" examination of the material

a. 3hould be used at carefully planned times

b. #uring the proof test

c. +efore plant shutdown

d. a > b

e. a > b > c

Q21. For the A" test to be successful the discontinuities should be

a. t right angles to the wave propagation

b. t parallel to the wave propagation

c. t 01D the wave propagation

d. ll

e. &one

Q2%. ensitivit# of the method

a. ,ncreases with the distance between the ( source and transducer

b. #ecreases with distance between ( source and transducer

c. ,nversely proportional to the square of distance between ( source

and transducer

d. ll

e. &one

Q2*. A" +ave are

a. (lastic wave

b. 3tress wave

c. 3train wave

d. a and b

e. b and c

Q2-. A" +ave propagation is affected b#

a. Mode conversion

b. #ifferent velocity for the different modec. (lasticity of the material

d. a and b

e. a > b > c

Q20. hen using multiple A" transducer it is important to

considered



a. <ransducer coupling

b. 2eproducibility of the response

c. 'areful calibration technique

d. ll

e. &one

Q22. ransducer selection and placement does not depend on,

a. coustic property of the material

b. ;eometric condition of the material

c. Crientation of the discontinuity

d. ll

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