aep

AERODROMEEMERGENCY PLANNING

Presented By SK SoniAsstt. Gen. Mgr. (Ops) AAI

WHAT IS AN «AIRPORT EMERGENCY PLAN»

What is AEP?The process of preparing an aerodrome to cope with an emergency occurring at the aerodrome or in its vicinity.

What are the objective(s) of AEP?To minimize the effects of an emergency, particularly in respect of saving lives and maintaining aircraft operations

ICAO Provisions on AEP

What do the AEP contain?

The aerodrome emergency plan sets forth the procedures for coordinating the response of different aerodrome agencies (or services) and of those agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to the emergency.

Examples of emergencies

‐ 6 types involving aircraft ‐ 5 types not involving aircraft ‐ 3 types compound emergencies


INVOLVING aircraft:

1. Acft accident on airport‐2. Acft accident off airport (land and water)‐3. Acft incident in flight (turbulence,

decompression and structural failure)4. Acft incident on ground5. Acft incident (sabotage/bomb threats)6. Acft incident (unlawful seizure)


• NOT INVOLVING aircraft:

1. Structural fire2. Sabotage/bomb threat3. Natural disaster4. Dangerous goods5. Medical emergencies/ pandemics


COMPOUND emergencies: 1. Acft/structures2. Acft/fuelling facilities3. Aircraft/aircraft

Structure of Airport Emergency Plan (AEP)

• Each airport has its individual needs & peculiarities • Political, jurisdictional and agency differences may

exist and continue but the basic needs and concepts of emergency planning must always evolve around these 3 Cs :-

* Command & Control * Coordination * Communication

Structure of Airport Emergency Plan (AEP)

• AEP shall provide co-ordination of the actions to be taken in an emergency occurring at

- at an airport - in its vicinity

Structure of AEP• The AEP should give clear instructions to ensure the

prompt and efficient actions of each responding agency e.g. rescue and fire-fighting services, police, medical services, etc.

• A comprehensive AEP must consider * pre-planning BEFORE an emergency * operations DURING an emergency * support and documentation AFTER an emergency

Structure of AEP

• Pre-planning BEFORE an emergency * Planning for handling all foreseeable emergencies that could occur to cripple normal airport operations. * list these emergencies and identify the resources needed to tackle the individual emergency in the most effective and “productive” way.

Structure of AEP

• Operations DURING an emergency * considerations depend on the stage, nature and location of the emergency and adapt to changes in an emergency e.g. change in command and control authority or dramatic change or worsening of situation.

Structure of AEP• Support and documentation AFTER an emergency * not as urgent as preceding events * transition of authority and responsibility after mitigation actions must be planned in advance * documentation of an emergency operations will help gathering and organising for various post-accidents reports

Structure of AEP

• Airport Emergency Planning must be implemented similarly for off-airport aircraft accident and incident.

• Only a change of jurisdiction viz. * Within Airport Boundary – Airport Authority Overall In-Charge * Outside Airport Boundary – Pre- arranged Mutual Aid Agency

Referrals• ICAO SARPs

Annex 14, Volume -1 , Chapter-9- Standards & Recommended Practices for emergencies & other services.

“----- an airport emergency plan must be established to commensurate with airport operations-------- “

In accordance with the provisions in Annex.14 Volume-I (Aerodromes) States are required to establish at every airport an emergency plan commensurate with the aircraft operations and other activities conducted at the airport.

Referrals• Airport Service Manual Part-7 (Airport

Emergency Planning) (Doc 9137-AN/898) is the ICAO document on the subject.

• The material in this manual relates principally to matters concerning pre-planning for airport emergency, as well as coordination between different airport agencies and those agencies in the surrounding community that could be of assistance in responding to the emergency.

• It does not include material on how an agency is to carry out its particular function such as those of the rescue and fire fighting services or air traffic control services.

AAI Policy on implementation of AEP

• On airport accident – AAI will be in command and mutual aid agencies will assist.

• Off airport accident – Agency in command will the agency agreed upon in the mutual aid to emergency agreement pre-arranged with the surrounding community. This arrangement however should not affect the immediate response by airport personnel or by the agencies having role in Airport Emergency Plan.


• In case of aircraft accident off airport, but in the vicinity of the airport, Airport Fire Services are required to play a role in fire fighting and rescue operation.

• For this purpose, area upto 5 km in the approach path and other areas, 2 km around the airport boundary, is defined as the vicinity of the airport.


If an aircraft accident occurs in the vicinity of the airport, following action will be taken by the Airport Fire Fighting & Rescue Services :

1)One CFT and One ambulance will proceed to the accident site if the aircraft is of the length less than 39m and fuselage width upto 5m.

2)Two CFT and one ambulance (from Cat.9 Airport) / One CFT, one AFFRV and One Ambulance (from Cat.8 Airport) will proceed to the accident site, if the aircraft is of the size larger than what is stated in (i) above.


• One JFO will lead the turn out• Spare serviceable CFT should be manned by

deploying off duty crew, where available, to maintain the maximum possible category of airport.


• When the category of the airport is lowered than the declared category, this information should immediately be passed on to ATC.

• On re-establishing the declared category, ATC will again be informed promptly.

(Reference operational circular no.3 of 1999 on “role of airport fire services during aircraft crash off airport”)


• In case the aircraft accident occurs, beyond the vicinity of the airport, normally no CFT should be sent to the accident site.

• In case of off airport aircraft accident, when city fire services are available at the site, the overall command will be exercised by the senior most official of the city Fire Brigade available at the site.

Contents of AEP• The aerodrome emergency

plan document should include at least the following :

a) types of emergencies planned for;

b) Agencies involved in the plan;

c) Responsibility and role of each agency, the emergency operations centre and the command post, for each type of emergency;

Contents of AEP

d) Information on names and telephone numbers of offices or people to be contacted in the case of a particular emergency; and

e) a grid map of the aerodrome and its immediate vicinity.

Types of emergencies

• Visibility – Visibility reduces to 2500m or below and / or cloud base is 450m or when more than 4/8

• Local Stand By – When an aircraft is known or suspected to have developed some defect but the trouble is not such as would normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting safe landing.


• Full Emergency – When it is known that an aircraft approaching the airport is or is suspected to be in such a trouble that there is a possibility of an accident.

• Aircraft accident – An aircraft accident which has occurred on or in the vicinity of the airport.


• Unlawful acts against Civil Aviation – An aircraft which is subjected to a threat of sabotage or unlawful seizure.

a) This aircraft should be parked at an isolated aircraft parking position until the act of unlawful interference is terminated.

b) Such an area should be located atleast 100 m away from the aircraft parking positions, buildings or public area.


• Emergencies at airports bordering water areas

• Flotation devices sufficient to carry the number of occupants of the largest aircraft regularly using the airport should be carried on amphibious rescue vehicles capable of rapid development.

Agencies involved

The first step in a viable emergency plan is to have the cooperation & participation of all the concerned airport / community authorities.

Agencies to be considered are :-1) Air Traffic Services2) Rescue & Fire Fighting Services3) Police and / or Security Services4) Airport Authority5) Medical Services

Agencies involved

6) Hospitals7) Aircraft operators8) Govt. authorities9) Airport tenants10) Rescue coordination centre11) Civil defence12) Mutual aid agencies13) Military

Agencies involved14) Coast Guard15) Clergy16) Public Information Office (Press)17) Customs 18) Immigrations19) Postal authorities20) Veterinary Services21) Coroner 22) Voluntary Organisations23) International Relief Agencies

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED• First Aid Equipment (medical)• Vehicle for Transportation of First

Aid Equip.• Airside Escort Vehicles (FollowMe)• Body Bags• Stretcher• Bags for Victim’s Personal Effects• Portable Generators• Portable Lighting System• METTAGs (casualty identification

tags) • Identification Arm Band

Responsibility & Role of Agencies• Aircraft accident on the airport – For this

type of emergency, responding agencies are expected to take actions prescribed in the AEP. The agencies involved are :-

1. ATS2. Rescue & Fire Fighting Services3. Police & Security Services4. Airport Authority

Responsibility & Role of Agencies

5. Medical Services6. Aircraft operators7. Govt. Authorities (Govt. accident

investigation, health & welfare, post office, customs, immigration, agriculture, public works & environmental agencies)

8. Public Information Officer


• Aircraft accident off the airport - For this type of emergency, responding agencies are expected to take actions prescribed in the AEP.

• Initial notification normally will be made by a witness to the local police, Fire Deptt., or alarm & despatch centre, if available.

• The agencies involved are :-1. ATS2. Rescue & Fire Fighting Services3. Police & Security Services4. Airport Authority


5. Medical Services6. Hospitals7. Aircraft operators8. Govt. Authorities (Govt.

accident investigation, health & welfare, post office, customs, immigration, agriculture, public works & environmental agencies)

9. Public Information Officer

Emergency Operation Centre• Emergency operations centre – A

fix Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) should be available to deal with emergency situations at Airport. The main features of this unit are :-

a. its fixed location;b. it acts in support of the on-scene

commander in the mobile command post for aircraft accidents / incidents.

c. it is the command, co-ordination and communication centre for unlawful seizure of aircraft and bomb threats; and

d. It is operationally available 24 hours a day.

Emergency Operation CentreLocation of EOC – should

provide a clear view of movement area and isolated aircraft parking position, wherever possible.

It is generally used in supporting & coordinating operations in accidents / incidents, unlawful seizure of aircraft, and bomb threat incidents.

Unit should have necessary equipment & personnel to communicate with the appropriate agencies involved in the emergency including the mobile command post.

Command Post• Definition• The location at the scene of an

emergency where the on scene commander is located and where command, coordination, control and communications are established.

• Mobile command post is a point where cooperating agency heads assemble to receive and disseminate information and make decisions pertinent to rescue operations.

Command Post

• Main features• It is mobile facility capable of being rapidly

deployed.• It serves as command, coordination and

communication centre.• It is operational during aircraft accident /

incident and it is correctly located with respect to wind and terrain condition.

Command Post

• Requirement• In the event of any accident / incident a

designated recognizable and readily visible command post is a high priority item.

• It should be established as quickly as possible, preferably at the same time as the initiation of fire control and rescue activities.

Command Post• Equipment and documents• It should contain the

necessary equipment to communicate with all agencies involved in the emergency.

• The communication and electronic devices should be checked each month.

• In order to eliminate confusion and missed transmission utilisation of head sets or sound observant partitions for each participants are essential.

Command Post

• Maps, charts and other relevant equipment and information should be kept in the command post.

• It should be easily recognizable by provision of an checkered flag or a rotating light.

• Recommendation- It may be necessary to establish a sub command post and in this case one location should be designated as a “master” command post with adequate communications to the sub command post.

Commander and Co-ordinator(s) for the plan

• Rescue & Fire Fighting personnel will be the first to arrive at the accident site and therefore for a certain periods of time their In-charge will be in command.

• On scene commander will arrive later and will assume over all command.

• The transition of authority and command responsibility needs to be established in emergency plan and exercised accordingly.

Commander and Co-ordinator(s) for the plan

• Off – airport accidents are under the direction and control of the agency agreed upon in the mutual aid emergency agreement pre-arranged with the surrounding community.

Grid Map• Definition• A map of an area overlaid with a

grid system of rectangular coordinates that are used to identify ground locations where no other land marks exist.

• Rendezvous point – A pre-arranged reference point that is road junction, cross road or other specified place, to which personnel / vehicle responding to an emergency situation initially proceed to receive directions to staging areas and/or the accident/incident site.

• Staging area – A pre-arranged strategically placed area where support response personnel/ vehicles and other equipment can be held in readiness for use during an emergency.

Grid Map

• General• A detailed grid map of the airport and its

vicinity (with date of revision) should be provided.

• Similar small size maps should be available in the control tower and fire station, rescue and fire fighting vehicles and all other supporting vehicles responding to an emergency.

Grid Map• It is preferable that two grid maps be provided.• One map should depict the confines of airport access

roads, location of water supplies, rendezvous points, staging area etc.

• The other map should include surrounding communities and depict appropriate medical facilities, access roads, rendezvous points etc. within a distance of approximately 8 kms from the center of the airport. The available medical facilities shown in the grid map should contain information on potential availability and medical specialities.

Grid Map

• It is absolutely essential that where more than one grid map is used, the grids do not conflict.

• Use of different colored grid maps preclude misinterpretation of grid maps.

• It is essential that whenever the grid map is revised an updated copy shall be provided to all participating agency and old map destroyed.

Sample grid map -airport

Sample grid map- airport & surrounding community

Information on Offices to be contacted

• Flow Control Charts – assist in rapid communication.• Should contain all vital telephone numbers.• Separate flow control charts should be developed for each type

of emergency.• Method of notification be clearly outlined.• Telephone numbers should be verified monthly and revised list

issued if any changes have occurred.• Each flow control chart should be printed on one sheet and

dated for easy re-issue and amendement.

Triage and Medical CareTriage- The sorting of casualties at

an emergency according to the nature and severity of their injuries.

Triage area- Location where triage operations are performed.

Triage tag- A tag used in the classification of casualties according to the nature and severity of their injuries.

Tagging- Method used to identify casualties as requiring immediate care (Priority I), delayed care (Priority II) minor care (Priority III), or as deceased.

Triage and Medical Care

• In the aftermath of an aircraft accident many lives may be lost and many injuries aggravated if immediate medical attention is not provided by trained rescue personnel.

• Survivors should be triaged, given available emergency medical aid as required, and then promptly evacuated to appropriate medical facilities.

Triage principles (All Emergencies)

• Casualties should be classified into four categories :

• Priority I: Immediate care• Priority II: Delayed care• Priority III: Minor care• Priority IV: Deceased

Triage principles (All Emergencies)

• The first qualified medically trained person to arrive at the site must immediately begin initial triage.

• This person (s) will continue performing triage until relieved by other qualified officer.

• Victim should be moved from the triage area to the appropriate care holding areas before definitive treatment is rendered.

• Casualties should be stabilized at the care holding areas and then transported to an appropriate facility.

Standardised casualty identification tags

• Casualty identification tags should be standardised through colour coding and symbols to make the tag as simple as possible.

• Tags help to expedite the treatment of mass casualties and permit more rapid evacuation of the injured to medical facilities.


Medical priority classification of casualties Priority I or immediate care: RED tag; Roman

numeral I;rabbit symbol

Priority II or delayed care: YELLOW tag;Roman numeral II;turtle symbol


Priority III or minor care: GREEN tag; Roman

numeral III;ambulance with X

symbol Priority IV (O) or deceased : BLACK tag

Casualty identification tag (recto)

Casualty identification tag (verso)


• Where tags are unavailable casualties may be classified by using roman numerals or adhesive tape or by placing marks directly on the forehead or on other exposed skin area to indicate priority. Where marking pens are unavailable lipstick can be used.

• Every effort should be made to ensure that priority I casualties are treated first and receive ambulance transportation priority when stabilized.

Triage and medical care at aircraft accident site

• Triage accomplished in place

– Triage is most efficiently accomplished in place. However, the conditions at an accident scene may demand the immediate movement of casualties before triage can be safety accomplished. In that case, the casualties should be moved the shortest distance, well away from the danger

Control of the flow of injured• The injured should pass through four areas which

should be carefully located and easily identified.• Collection area – (a) Location where initial collection of the seriously

injured from the debris is accomplished.(b) Custody of casualties is transferred from the rescue &

fire fighting personnel to medical services at this point.

(c) However, in most of the cases this transfer takes place at the triage area.

Control of the flow of injured

• Triage areaa) Location where triage operations are

performed b) Area should be located at least 90 m up wind

of the accident site to avoid possible exposure to fire & smoke

c) If necessary, more than one triage area may be established.

Control of the flow of injured• Care areaa) Location where first aid medical care is given to

injuredb) Initially it will be a single care area however,

subsequently this should be sub-divided into three sub areas according to three categories of injured i.e. Immediate Care (Priority I), Delayed Care (Priority II) and Minor Care (Priority III).

c) Care areas can be colour coded for identification purpose i.e. Red – Immediate, Yellow – Delayed and Green - Minor

Control of the flow of injured

d) Use of coloured traffic cones, flags etc. may also be used

• Transportation areaa) Area where recording, dispatching & evacuation of

survivors is done.b) Area should be located between the care area and

the egress road.c) Normally one transportation area is established.d) If there is more than one transportation area it is

essential to have communications between them.

Care of survivors• The Airports Authority is

responsible to :-a) Select the more suitable holding

area for the particular emergency.b) Provide for the transportation of

un-injured from the accident site to the designated holding area.

c) Arrange for doctor(s), nurse(s) or team(s) qualified in first aid to examine and treat the passengers.

d) Furnish a full passenger & crew manifest for accountability purposes.

Care of survivors

e) Interview the un-injured and record their names, addresses, phone numbers and where they can be reached for the next 72 hours.

f) Notify relatives or next of kin where deemed necessary

g) Coordinate efforts with the designated international relief agency (Red Cross).

h) Prevent interference by un-authorised persons or those not officially connected with the operation in progress.

Care of survivors

• It may be necessary to establish a special holding area which can supply clothing, footwear and blankets to prevent hypothermia.

Care of Fatalities• Preserving of evidence for determining the

cause/future corrective action.• Co-ordination with forensic doctor.• Ensuring that wreckage should remain undisturbed

until the arrival of the appropriate accident investigation authority.

• Areas immediately surrounding the location of fatalities should be completely secured and left undisturbed until the arrival of forensic doctor and accident investigation authority.

Care of Fatalities

• Adequate supply of disposal plastic gloves and leather gloves should be available for stretcher bearers.

• One plastic glove and one leather glove be worn by the individual stretcher bearer. (Suggestion)

• All gloves should be burned following use in gathering body parts.

Care of Fatalities

• Before moving bodies or part of wreckage photographs should be taken showing the relative position of bodies and parts in the wreckage and a sketch of their respective positions should be made.

• Special precautions are required while dealing with cockpit area (flying controls- photographs ,drawing ,notes)

Care of Fatalities• Sufficient stock of body bags at airport is desirable.• Refrigerated storage facility is desired.( Permanently located

cooler or refrigerated semitrailers)• Postmortem examination area should be located near the

refrigerated storage with high security arrangements and suitable working area with electricity and running water , large enough for initial body sorting.

• Morgue should be isolated.

Handling of Crew

• Crew must be accompanied for medical check up.

• Their blood samples must be preserved.

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Communications

• Communication services-

• Two way communications for all airport agencies in an emergency is essential

• Back-up modes of communication should be identified .

Communications

• Communication Network-

• A co-coordinated communication network is of vital importance.

• Should consist of a sufficient number of radio transceivers, telephones and other communication devices to establish and maintain a primary and a secondary means of communication

• Should also be linked with EOC & CP.

Communications

• Communication Equipment-• It is important to provide serviceable

communication equipment in sufficient quantity to ensure rapid response .

• Equipment- portable radios in sufficient number to communicate with Command Post.

• Strict communication discipline to be maintained.

Communications

• All frequency radio sets should be available with Command Post.

• Headsets be preferable to reduce the confusion and noise from multiple frequencies in use at a time.

• Sufficient number of telephone lines(both listed and unlisted) or cellular phones should be available at the Command Post.

• Ambulances and Medical units should also be provided with communication net work.

Communications

• It is desirable to install recording devices with time insertion units at EOC & CP.

• It is also desirable to record all emergency communications , including printed communication.

• Provision of runners and potable megaphone be made in the event of the temporary lapse of communication.

Communications

• Testing and verification-• Communication system should be tested each day to

verify the operability of all radio and telephone networks.

• A complete and current list of interagency telephone numbers should be verified monthly to ensure they are correct.

• Updated list should be distributed to all concerned on continual basis.

COORDINATION

• Communication means are tools for achieving good coordination

• Communication means do not guarantee by themselves a good coordination between the various agencies involved. They have to be properly used

COORDINATION

• Definition:– « Ordering of things or

various activities in order to achieve predefined objectives »

• In AEP the objectives are:– To save lifes– Minimize the impact on

airport operations– Minimize material lost

COORDINATION

• AEP shall be known & understood by all participating agencies

• Agencies shall agree on roles & responsibilities• Understand inter-relations between each of

them• Full Scale etc. shall be conducted, a higher

level of coordination shall thus be achieved

COORDINATION

• Coordination between the airport operator, the police, the ambulance, the hospitals, the airline etc. is one of the essential key to achieve the objectives of saving lifes, to maintain airport operational capability and to minimize material lost

Airport Emergency Exercises

• Definition-• A test of emergency plan and review of results

in order to review the effectiveness of the plan• Assembling and utilization of all the resources

that would be available and used in a real emergency.


• Purpose-• In order to test the Airport Emergency Plan , a

full scale mock-up exercise of aircraft accident on airport needs to be carried out at airport to ensure the adequacy of:a. response of all personnel involved;

b. emergency plan and procedures; and c. emergency equipment and communications.


• Test should correct as many deficiencies as possible .• Personnel and agencies from airport gets an

opportunity to know each other and their role in the emergency plan.

• Outside agencies get opportunity to meet airport personnel, familiarization with airport facilities, resources, traffic pattern, identifiable (restricted/prohibited) hazard areas.


• Testing is crucial for determining where serious gaps exist.

• Individual misconceptions / misunderstanding.• Procedure seems workable on paper but may

not work in practice.


• As per ICAO – Exercise be held - Day light - Twilight - Darkness & - Various conditions of weather/visibility.


• Types of Emergency Exercises & Schedule• There are three methods :-1) Full scale exercises – at least once every two years2) Partial exercises – at least once each year that a full

scale exercise is not held 3) Table top exercises – at least once each six months,

except during that six months period when a full scale exercise is held


Table top exercise• Simplest type of drill to stage• Only requires a meeting room, large scale grid

map of airport and senior representatives of each participating agencies in attendance

• It is economical as can be conducted without disruption of services and without any expense


• It may be held as a coordination exercise prior to full scale exercise

• Probable accident site is selected• Each participating agency describes actions their unit

would take to respond• Exercise quickly reveal operational problems, such as

conflicting communications frequencies, lack of equipment, confusing terminology and areas of jurisdiction


Partial emergency exercise• It is also economical because scope is limited and can

be repeated as often as required in order to maintain a high standard of proficiency.

• Restricted one unit / agency / combination of both with the objective to train new personnel, evaluate new equipment / techniques and to comply with mandatory training requirements.


Full scale exercises• The first step in planning full scale emergency

exercises is to have the support of all airport and community authorities concern.

• The first and most basic step is to decide exactly what should be achieved thus aim of exercise, formulation of scenario assigning of task is to be decided.


• Coordination meeting at least 120 days prior to the schedule emergency exercise should be planned and should be attended by all key supervisory personnel of principle participating agencies.

• In the said meeting, the aims of the exercise should be outlines, a scenario formulated, work tasks assigned and duties of all agencies and personnel defined.


• In preparing the scenario, the use of real name of aircraft operators and types of aircraft should be avoided to prevent any possible embarrassment to civil aviation companies or agencies.

• To obtain maximum benefit from a full scale emergency exercise, it is important to review the entire proceedings.

• A observer critique team should be organised, comprised of members who are familiar with mass casualty accident proceedings.

Airport Emergency ExercisesA team Chairman should be appointed and should be

present at all meetings.Each member of the critique team should observe

the entire exercise and complete the appropriate emergency drill critique forms.

As soon as convenient after the exercise (not later than 7 days), critique meeting should be held so members of the team can present their observations & recommendations for improvement of the Airport Emergency Plan & Procedures.

Review of the Airport Emergency Plan

Evaluation system for Airport Emergency Exercises

Exercise Planning Exercise Implementation

Exercise Evaluation (Feed back)

Review of the Airport Emergency Plan

Review following an accident• Obtain oral or written reports from all participating

personnel and complete a document covering the entire response operation.

• A table talk meeting then be held to consider these documents and, if required, make changes to the emergency plan considered necessary to increase the response capability for future emergencies.

Airport emergency exercise – AAI Policy

• As per AAI policy (operational circular no.2 of 1995) full scale emergency exercise involving and aircraft shall be undertaken once a year.

• Airport Director should convene a pre-exercise meeting with all involved agencies to brief them of the proposed exercise scenario and appointment of designated observers to note deficiencies of the short comings of the plan during the exercise.

Airport emergency exercise – AAI Policy

• At the conclusion of the exercise immediately a de-briefing session should be called by the Airport Director along with the personnel of various agencies / organizations participating in the exercise.

• Update / amend the Airport Emergency Plan where found necessary.

Notification of accident (to commence exercise)

FEBRUARY 2000 TEHRAN, IRAN

FEBRUARY 2000 TEHRAN, IRAN

108IRAN AIRIRAN AIR

MAY 2000 PARIS, FRANCE

MAY 2000 PARIS, FRANCE

109

STREAM LINE CARGO

STREAM LINE CARGO

JULY 2000 PARIS, FRANCE

JULY 2000 PARIS, FRANCE

110AIR FRANCEAIR FRANCE

OCTOBER 2000 TAIPEI, TAIWANOCTOBER 2000 TAIPEI, TAIWAN

111

SINGAPORE AIRLINES

SINGAPORE AIRLINES

October 2001 Milan ,Italy

112

THANK YOU

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aep

Documents

emergency operations

individual emergency

aerodrome emergency

concepts of emergency

structure of aep operations

structure of aep support

comprehensive aep

objectives of aep