aerogel radiator
DESCRIPTION
4 separation confirmed. Cherenkov photon. “K”4.0GeV. 4.0GeV. Aerogel radiator. n=1.05. Position sensitive PD with B=1.5Tesla. 200mm. Spot@ch22 □2mm×2mm. LED off. Ch17. Ch23. Ch29. B. C. Ch17. Ch23. Ch29. 5. Ch16. Ch22. Ch28. A. D. Ch16. Ch22. Ch28. 10. Ch15. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Development of 144 Channel Multi-Anode HPD Development of 144 Channel Multi-Anode HPD for Belle Aerogel RICH Photon Detectorfor Belle Aerogel RICH Photon Detector
1I. Adachi, 2R. Dolenec, 2A. Petelin, 3K. Fujita, 2A. Gorisek, 3K. Hara, 3D. Hayashi, 3T. Iijima, 3K.Ikado, 4H. Kawai, 5S. Korpar, 3Y. Kozakai, 6P. Krizan, 4A. Kuratani, 3Y. Mazuka, 7Y. Miyazawa,
1S. Nishida, 8I. Nishizawa, 9S. Ogawa, 2R. Pestotnik, 8T. Sumiyoshi, 4M. Tabata, 3M. Yamaoka
1:IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan / 2:J.Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia / 3:Dept. of Physics, Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan / 4:Dept. of Physics, Chiba Univ., Chiba, Japan /
5:Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Univ. of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia / 6:Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Univ. of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia /
7:Dept. of Physics, Tokyo Univ. of Science, Noda, Japan / 8:Dept. of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ., Hachioji, Japan / 9:Dept. of Physics, Toho Univ., Funabashi, Japan
presenter: Ichiro Adachi ([email protected])
Aerogel radiator
Position sensitive PDwith B=1.5Tesla
Cherenkov photon
200mm
n=1.05
Proximity Focusing RICH with Aerogel Radiator
Developed for new particle ID device in the Belle forward region• extend /K separation capability up to 4 at 4.0GeV/c• limited space• operational under 1.5 Tesla magnetic field
Key elements• Hydrophobic aerogel with refractive index of 1.050 as a Cherenkov radiator• Position sensitive photodetector
with ~5x5mm2 pixel size• Electronics for read-out
The present Belle detector
Principle of Operation Established at Test Beam Experiments
n=1.05 aerogel radiator
=14mrad Npe = 6 4 separation confirmed
4.0GeV“K”4.0GeV
typical event
RICH prototype counter
Hamamatsu Multi-anode Flat-Panel PMT(H8500)
/K 4 separation at 4 GeV/c achieved with a prototype counter
Multi-Anode Hybrid Photon Detector : Key Component
• High sensitivity to single photon• Immune to 1.5 Tesla magnetic field• Large effective area
Basic requirements
Hybrid (Avalanche) photon detector is our first candidateDeveloped with Hamamatsu Photonics
Package 72x72 mm2
# of pixels 12x12(6x6/chip)
Pixel size 5x5 mm2
Effective area 64 %
HAPD specifications
1 diode chip pixelated to 6x6 channels
72mm
72mm
= “bombardment” gain ~1000 x “avalanche” gain ~10single photon signal ~10000 electrons
ceramic tube
Experimental Set-up and Noise Level
Protector
H.V
144Ch HAPD
PreAmp
Shaping Amp
MCA
Pulse Generator
Light Shield Box
PC
LED
Coaxial cable
CathodeAnode
Bias Guard
ClearPulse 580K
ClearPulse 4417
Amptek pocketMCA
150pF
100MΩ
220MΩ
220MΩ222pF222pF
10MΩ
High Voltage
Bias Voltage
Reverse bias voltage supplied to cathodeSignal extracted from anode sideLED used as a light sourceOnly 1 channel read out, Others floated
Bias_scan
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400reverse Bias voltage[V]
chipA chipB
chipC chipD
Bias_scan
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
reverse Bias voltage[V]
chipA chipB
chipC chipD
Noise level check by bias voltage scan
Full depletion observed at ~50V
Minimum noise level ~ 280VSimilar tendency for all of 4 chips
Diode chips show reasonable behavior
Pulse Height Spectra
HAPD
Response for single photon light
pedestal
1 p.e.
Clear signal observed
pedestal
1 p.e.
2 p.e.
3 p.e.
4 p.e.
5 p.e.
6 p.e.
7 p.e.
Response for multiple photon light
Total gain ~7,320S/N ~ 4.9
Chip-A ch#22 HV= -8.5kV & Bias=+319V
QuickTime˛ Ç∆TIFFÅià≥èkǻǵÅj êLí£ÉvÉçÉOÉâÉÄ
ǙDZÇÃÉsÉNÉ`ÉÉÇ å©ÇÈÇΩÇflÇ…ÇÕïKóvÇ≈Ç∑ÅB
ChipAChipA ChipDChipD
ChipCChipCChipBChipB
Target : ch22
- Bias=+340V
- Gain 〜 7,360
- S/N 〜 4.8
- Ava. Gain 〜 4.8
Target : ch22
- Bias=+340V
- Gain 〜 8,130
- S/N 〜 4.5
- Ava. Gain 〜 5.6
Target : ch22
- Bias=+360V
- Gain 〜 8,530
- S/N 〜 4.1
- Ava. Gain 〜 5.7
Target : ch22
- Bias=+319V
- Gain 〜 7,320
- S/N 〜 4.9
- Ava. Gain 〜 4.4
We can observe single p.e and S/N ratio is larger than 4.1 in all 4 chips.
H.V=-8.5kV
Uniformity & X-talk in Diode Chip
A
B C
D10
5
Single photon-equivalent light injected for all channels in one diode chip-A Uniformity of chipA
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36# of channel
Gain or Noise [e]
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
total gain Noise S/N
S/NGainGainMaxMax〜〜 7,700@ch16 7,700@ch16 GainGainMinMin〜〜 6,310@ch316,310@ch31
S/NS/NMaxMax〜〜 6.2@ch8 , 21 6.2@ch8 , 21 S/NS/NMinMin〜〜 [email protected]@ch6
Noise avNoise av〜〜1,310[e]1,310[e]
Single p.e. can be observed for all channels (except for #5 and #10)
Gain ~ +/- 9%, S/N >~ 4.3, Noise ~1,300e
Channel #Gain/noise/S-to-N ratio calculated for each channel
Basic Properties for 4 Diode Chips from Our Measurements
Ch17Ch17
Ch16Ch16
Ch15Ch15
Ch23Ch23
Ch22Ch22
Ch21Ch21
Ch29Ch29
Ch28Ch28
Ch27Ch27
LED off
6 12 18 24 30 36
5 11 17 23 29 35
4 10 16 22 28 34
3 9 15 21 27 33
2 8 14 20 26 32
1 7 13 19 25 31
ChipA
Spot@ch22
2mm×2mmLED on
LED light illuminated to ch#22 through a small spot
Investigate pulse activities in neighbor channels for LED on/off
Negligibly small contribution in X-talk activities
Ch17Ch17
Ch16Ch16
Ch15Ch15
Ch23Ch23
Ch22Ch22
Ch21Ch21
Ch29Ch29
Ch28Ch28
Ch27Ch27
Conclusions References
We have developed a 144 channel multi-anode hybrid photon detector for a photo-sensor in the Belle aerogel RICH counter.New test sample delivered around the end of 2006 from HPK. Fundamental properties have been examined in our test bench.
Clear signal from single photon light has been observed, and total gain of ~7,500 was obtained.Reasonable uniformity of gain and signal-to-noise responses foundX-talk seems to be small
The next prototype having higher avalanche gain will be delivered soon.
1. T.Iijima et al., NIM A543(2001)321.
2. T.Matsumoto et al., NIM A521(2004)367.
3. T.Iijima, S.Korpar et al., NIM A548(2005)383.
4. I.Adachi et al., NIM A553(2005)146.
5. P.Krizan et al., NIM A565(2006)457.
QE = 24% from HPK measurementAvalanche gain calculated by total gain from our measurement and bombardment gain from HPK sheet
Delivered at the end of 2006 after technical improvements in HPK production process
except for noisy channels of #5 & #10