aerospace nanotube hybrid composite structures with ... · retaining sensing / actuating properties...
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Aerospace Nanotube Hybrid CompositeStructures with Sensing and Actuating
Capabilities – the NOESISNOESIS project
by Dr. George MaistrosINASCO Hellas & NOESIS Consortium
the path of an EC funded research project
Framework 6 – Aeronautics & Space area
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
The NOESIS projectThe NOESIS project
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Project partners
1. INASCO Hellas (co-ordinator)
2. ATECA
3. BRIMALM Engineering
4. Swerea SICOMP
5. IVW
6. CNRS-CRPP
7. INASMET Fundacion
8. Centro Ricerche FIAT
9. Weizmann Institute of Science
10. Technische Universitaet Hamburg-Harburg
11. University of Patras
12. SENER Ingenieria y Sistemas
13. Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. - IAI
14. ARKEMA
15. Hellenic Aerospace Industry
Facts and figures
Start date: 1/4/2005
Finish date: 30/6/2009
Total effort: 538 man-months
Total cost: €4.97 Million
Workplan: 6 technical WPs1 exploitation WP1 management WP
7 nations 3 large companies 3 SMEs 1 engineering firm 4 research institutes 4 universities
NOESIS field of activitiesNOESIS field of activities• Forming of CNT structured assemblies embedded into resin systems while
retaining sensing / actuating properties and providing the desired mechanical performance
• Enhancement of the electrospinning process as a means to realize alignment and carriage of CNTs in the form of nano-fibres
• Devising/implementing multi-scale approach in designing nanocomposites• Design of a coupled platform for mechanical / sensing-actuating behaviour
predictions• Development of stimuli-response nanocomposites as actuators
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
2
3
1
nano-scale macro-scale
NOESIS technology description [1]NOESIS technology description [1]
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Dissolver Torus Mill Sonication
Chamber withZrO2-Pearls
Flow
HeatingCircuit
CoolingCircuit
Shaft
Dissolver-Disc
Chamber withZrO2-Pearls
Flow
HeatingCircuit
CoolingCircuit
Shaft
Dissolver-Disc
Description: CNT inclusions in thermoset matrices (Level 1) and CNT/CFRP composite manufacturing processes (Level 2)
Readiness: TRL 5 (Fidelity of breadboard technology increases significantly)
Industrial need: Demand of new additives or reinforcements (such as CNTs, CNT fibres or CNT mats) in advanced composites offering multi—functionality, while reducing weight and improving maintenance potential (repairability)
Good dispersion of CNTs in resin matrix
has been achieved
Quality index of dispersion is the resin viscosity
0
20
40
60
0 30 60
Mixing Time [min]
Vis
cosi
ty E
ta*
[Pa*
s]
T=30°CT=60°C
NOESIS technology description [2]NOESIS technology description [2]
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Description: improving mechanical performance of aeronautical composites through the addition of CNTs
Readiness: TRL 4 (Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together – currently ‘low fidelity’)
Industrial need: Demanding increased conductivity (lightning strike protection) and mechanical performance improvement (energy absorbance, fatigue improvement) of aeronautical composite materials through addition of CNTs in thermoset matrices
Dam
ping
ratio
D
[1]
[0/+45/90/-45]S
reference [0/+45/90/-45]S
CNT doped[0/90/0/90]S
reference [0/90/0/90] S
CNT doped
0.0000
0.0005
0.0010
0.0015
0.0020
0.0025
0.0030
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4
Mod
al fr
eque
ncy
[Hz]
LY 556 + CNT
Neat Resin LY 556
LY 564 + CNT
Neat Resin LY 564
Results show little impact of CNT content on mechanical performance of resins & composites(improvement in fatigue and tensile modulus, dependence on mixing quality)
NOESIS technology description [3]NOESIS technology description [3]
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Description: sensing in composites loaded with CNTs and CNT fibres (specifications, modelling, design and implementation)
Readiness: TRL 6 (Representative model or prototype system is tested in a relevant environment)
Industrial need: Establishing simple, reliable and accurate method of measuring strain in structural composites for in-service monitoring and fault detection through the use of CNT network or CNT structured arrays as embedded sensors
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time [data points]
P/P
max
[1]
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
∆R
/Ro
[1]
Load
Resistance
Compression Test - Volume ResistanceSystem A - 0.5% CNT Doped - Torus Mill
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Strain [%]
R/R
0
Good correlation of conductivity and strain for CNT doped
systems and CNT fibres in
composites
NOESIS technology description [4]NOESIS technology description [4]
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Description: actuation in composites loaded with CNTs and their arrays (specifications, modelling, design and implementation)
Readiness: TRL 3 (Active research and development is initiated)Industrial need: Proving the potential of active shape change in advanced
composite structures through the inclusion of CNT-based architectures with capacity to produce stresses when they are loaded with electrical current
Annealed SWNT fiber
Annealed SWNT/resin P6 fiber
CNT-COOH/PVA paper
Deposit of AuDeposit of PVA
Test at constant frequency (0,05Hz) and variable voltage (0, 2, 5,7,10V)
0V
5V7V
10V
2V+δ
Actuation potential has been developed via charge injection and ionic swelling;
however the stress levels are not sufficient for aeronautical applications
NOESIS achievementsNOESIS achievements
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Demonstrators: several cases of property and processing enhancement were studied: CNT reinforcement of adhesive joints, conductivity enhancement of composites, health monitoring of structure integrity
Electromagnetic field
Electromagnetic field is absorbed by the modified adhesive increasing the crosslinking process rate
Ω
0 10 20 30 40106,2k
106,3k
106,4k
106,5k
106,6k
106,7k
106,8k
Res
ista
nce
[ΩΩ ΩΩ
]
Time [s]
Resistance
“down“
“up“"down“ or “up“ Sensing strain: CNTsdispersed in resin increase conductance of the thermoset and the changes of resistance can be used to estimate strain levels
Thermal conductivity effects: CNTsdispersed in resin amplify degree of cure and affect cure rates at microwave curing of resins
Nano-reinforcement: CNT hollow spheres for crash energy absorption
Electromechanical test: CNT act as piezoresistiveagent at any deformation
NOESIS technology benefits and risksNOESIS technology benefits and risks
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Benefits: All these can lead to improved and multi-functional composites structures, optimised structural design criteria and fail-safe features, while facilitating processing and reducing component weight.
Impact: The application potential is not only limited to aerospace structures. The experience from this project is of great interest also for other industrial innovations as in fabrication techniques for processing structural composites with sensor and actuator integration or automotive systems, electronic packaging, deployment of compacted structures in space, and self-healing surfaces and coatings.
Risks: There are not clear risk assessment in the application of CNTs in aeronautical applications. The cost of pure CNTs may become an issue (in case of CNT fibre reinforcements) as cost reduction is a strong driver in the transport sector.
Recommendation: Multi-disciplinary research groups offer the potential for targeted technological development and fast knowledge transfer of nanotechnology to several industrial sectors. These activities should be encouraged and actively supported.
Many thanks Many thanks (from the NOESIS Consortium)(from the NOESIS Consortium)
to the organisers to the organisers for allowing NOESIS output for allowing NOESIS output
to be disseminated to be disseminated to the Euro Nanotechnology forumto the Euro Nanotechnology forum
EuroNanoForum 2009 3 June 2009 - Prague
Welcome to attend Welcome to attend NOESIS industrial seminarNOESIS industrial seminar
for more details and followfor more details and follow--up actionsup actionsVenue:Venue: ARKEMA, Pau, FranceARKEMA, Pau, France
Date:Date: 25 June 200925 June 2009Contact:Contact: [email protected]@inasco.com