Welcome and Namaste

AFFORESTATION OF

RAVINE LAND

Megharaj Poudel

Roll No: 6

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Introduction

• Objectives

• Method and Materials

• Result and Discussion

• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

• A ravine is a very narrow, steep sided crevice in the

Earth's surface.

• Ravines are smaller than valleys, but larger than gullies,

although a ravine has the potential to develop into a

valley, over the course of thousands of years.

INTRODUCTION

• Typically, a ravine is formed through the process of erosion, and it starts out as the site of a small stream or river.

• Over time, the water wears a deep groove into the Earth, which attracts water as it drains from other locations, speeding the erosion process up.

INTRODUCTION

• There are many ravine lands adjoining to the river in the world. These ravines have not only rendered extensive areas barren but are also posing threats to the cultivated lands above by their continuous extension backward and destroying the vegetative cover

OBJECTIVES

• To define the ravine lands the find out the factors of the locality of the ravine lands

• To outline the practices of ravine land afforestation in the national and international perspectives

• To list down the species suitable for different types of soils in ravine lands

METHODS AND MATERIALS• Methods– Book Review– Internet Search– Selection of the Materials and – Preparation of Term Paper

• Materials– Book– Articles– Ms Word and Power Point

RESULT & DISCUSSIONTypes of Ravines,

One the Basis of Shape: U and V Shape

On the basis of depth, bed width, and slope

The Stages of the formation of the ravinesSimilar to Gully, 4 Stages

RESULT & DISCUSSIONNeed of Afforestation in Ravines,

Helps to improve water quality

Provides habitat and food for birds, fish and other

Provides shade and shelter

Source of recreational and scenic amenity

Flood protection

Water level control

Erosion control

River management

Riparian management

Drainage management

RESULT & DISCUSSIONFactors of Locality in Ravine Areas ,

• Soil is generally sandy to stiff clay.

• Less moisture in the top of the soil.

• Formation of hillocks and ridges in between

ravines

• The hillocks and ridges have practically no contact

with permanent water table.

• Ravines experience frost.

• Uncontrolled felling, grazing and fire are present.

RESULT & DISCUSSIONSoil Preparation in Ravines Lands

Soil Preparation in the catchmentsCultivated landsWaste lands near ravines

Soil preparation on the slopes of head and sides of ravines

Soil preparations in the valleys

RESULT & DISCUSSIONChoice of Species

Clayey soil:

Acacia Arabica

Ailanthus

Albizzia

Syzygium

Terminalia arjuna

Dalbergia sissoo

RESULT & DISCUSSIONSandy soils

Acacia catechu

Dalbergia sissoo

Albizzia

Melia azedarach

Prosopis juliflora

Azederachta indica

RESULT & DISCUSSIONNational Practice

ICIMOD Indentified the need for the plantation in ravine lands

RESULT & DISCUSSION

RESULT & DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONThere is the need of the protection of the ravines from further destruction and need to maintain the greenery in such areas.

The soil are prepared for the afforestation. The methods of the preparation of soil in different soil types such as sandy and clayey soil are different

The species for the afforestation of the ravine land should be selected on the basis of the site condition.

Thank You