afne]nf ;~rfng / ;xhls/0f -...

g]kfn ;/sf/;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df8f}+

afne]nf ;~rfng / ;xhLs/0f xft] k'l:tsf

o'lg;]km g]kfn / dL/]i6 g]kfnsf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df k|sflzt

k|sfzgM lj=;+= @)&$

k|ltM !)))

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3

s[t1tfk|:t't k|ltj]bg d'n'ssf ( lhNnfsf :yfgLo txsf !# OsfOdf ;DkGg afn e]nf / afn e]nfdfkm{t\ p7]sf afnaflnsfsf cfjfhnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfn] u/]sf] ;Daf]wgsf] clen]vLs/0f xf] . tL OsfOx¿df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift la/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf, a}t8L lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg l;4]Zj/ uflj; 5g\ eg] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul//x]sf bfª lhNnfsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf, k;f{ lhNnfsf] a]Njf uflj; / e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdWo] bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, g'jfsf]6 / uf]/vf lhNnfdf ;DkGg afn e]nf kl5 tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf $ gu/kflnsfdf uf]vf{, lab"/, rf}tf/f / eLd]Zj/ k/]sf lyP . ToxL If]qsf bf]nvfsf tTsfnLg af]r, l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] 7"nf] l;?jf/L, g'jfsf]6sf] sljnf; / uf]/vfsf] b]p/fnL uflj; lyP . @)&# ;fnsf] d+l;/sf] klxnf] ;ftfb]lv k';sf] clGtd ;ftfleq ;DkGg afn e]nfdf s]lGb|t eP/ of] k|lta]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

o; k|lta]bg tof/ ug{sf nflu dL/]i6 g]kfnsf cWoIf ;'/]zk|;fb cfrfo{ / dxf;lrj s'df/ ofq'n] k|f/lDes cjwf/0ffTds vfsfsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] OsfOut k|lta]bg tof/ ug{'ePsf] lyof] eg] tL a]Unfa]Un} k|lta]bgsf] ;f/sf ?kdf lj1 6f]nLn] of] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] xf] .

:yfgLo txsf] of]hgf k|lqmofcg';f/ b]z}e/ Ps} ;dodf ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ / tL ;a} :yfgLo txdf afn e]nf k|lqmof Ps} ;d"xaf6 cjnf]sg u/L clen]vLs/0f ug{ sl7gfO{ x'g] ;d:ofnfO{ Vofn u/]/ km/s km/s ;d"x / JolQmaf6 a]Unf a]Un} k|lta]bg ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . tLgnfO{ PsLss/0f u/L of] k|lta]bg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

of] k|lta]bg tof/ ug{ o'lg;]km g]kfnsf] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof]u /x]sf] 5 . o'lg;]km g]kfnn] k|f/lDes vfsf tof/ ubf{ b]lv g} lg/Gt/ ?kdf dfu{bz{g / ;xof]u pknJw u/fPsf] lyof] . :yfgLo txdf o'lg;]km g]kfnsf If]qLo sfo{nox¿, cfs:dLs ;xof]u sfo{nox¿af6 ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L / :yfg laz]ifsf laz]iftf atfP/ of] k|lta]bgn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] xf] . o;sf nflu o'lg;]km g]kfnsf afnd}qL OsfOsL k|d'v c~hnL k|wfg, sfo{qmd clws[tx¿ OlGb/f sf]O/fnf, bf]efg nfjtL ;'Jjfk|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f} . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf gLltut dfu{bz{g k|bfg ul//x]sf] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] cu'jfO{ / gLlt lgb]{zgsf cfwf/ ljgf of] k|ltj]bg ;Dej lyPg . o; ;dGjosf nflu dGqfnosf ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/k|lt s[t1tf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

dL/]i6 g]kfnsf ;fyLx?n] cGt/j:t' ljsf; / k|sfzgdf k'¥ofPsf] ;xof]usf nflu ljz]if wGojfb 5 . o;/L g} :yfgLo txdf /x]/ k|lta]bg tof/ ug{ d]xgt ug]{ ;xsdL{x¿ aL/f u8fn -a}t8L_, ;'lzn a:g]t / zld{nf l8;L -bfª_, bLk]Gb| k|hfklt -k;f{_, df]xg kf}8]n -;'gjn_ ;fhg kf;jfg -df]/ª_, eLdnfn >]i7 / lzj pk|]tL -uf]/vf_, udnf nfdf / ch{'g tfdfª -g'jfsf]6_, bLks cof{n / ;/f]h 9'+ufgf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, ;'jf; of]~hg / uf]s0f{ e08f/L -bf]nvf_ nfO{ w]/} w]/} wGojfb .

— dL/]i6 g]kfn

ljifo;"rL

z'esfdgf s

s[t1tf u

ljifo;"rL 3

sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z ! –^

v08 !M afne]nf kl/ro / b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] k|lqmof (–!@!=! afne]nf kl/ro (

!=@= :yfgLo txsf] k'g;{+/rgfkZrft\ afne]nfsf] ;fGble{stf (

!=#= afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] ;Gbe{ !!

v08 @ M b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] ljlw !%–@@@=!= afne]nfsf qmddf b:tfj]hLs/0f ug{ vf]lhPsf ljifo !^

@=@ b:tfj]hn] ;d]6]sf ef}uf]lns If]q !^

@=# afne]nf ;DkGg ePsf ldlt / :yfg !(

@=$ ljlwx¿ !(

@=%= ;Ldfx¿ @)

v08 #= cEof;df afne]nf @#–#@#=! afne]nfsf] cEof; @#

#=@= afne]nfsf k|lqmofx¿ @$

#=# afne]nfdf ;xeflutfsf] l:ylt @%

#=$ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf cfwf/df afne]nfsf ;xefuLx¿ @^

#=% afne]nf ;DkGg ug{ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xof]u @^

#=^ ;d:of–;jfn tyf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] klxrfg @&

#=& afne]nfsf r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgx¿ @*

#=* afne]nf ;~rfngdf ;d:of @(

#=(= afne]nfnfO{ kl/0fdfd'vL agfpg s]xL ;'emfax¿ #)

v08 $ afnaflnsfsf k|d'v ;/f]sf/x¿ ##–%@$=!= afnaflnsfsf ;femf ;/f]sf/ ##

$=!=! afn ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ ##

$=!=@= cy{k"0f{ afn;xeflutfsf] dfu #^

$=!= #= afn ;+/If0fdf afne]nfsf] rf;f] #(

$=!=$ afn arfpdf afnaflnsfsf] lrGtf $@

$=@= e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf k'gMlgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ $$

$=# aflnsfx¿sf] ;/f]sf/ $(

$=$ pk;+xf/ %!

v08 % afne]nfn] p7fPsf ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg %#–^%%=! ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg k|lqmof %#

%=@= afne]nfn] p7fPsf dfusf] ;Daf]wg %#

%=#= ;du| :yfgLo txdf afne]nfsf] ;Daf]wg %*

%=$ afne]nfsf s]xL pknlAwx¿ %(

%=% afnaflnsfsf cfjfh ;'g'jfOsf qmddf b]vfk/]sf r'gf}tL ^#

%=^ lgisif{ ^%

;Gbe{ ;|f]tx¿ ^^cg';"rL ! M k|ltj]bg n]vsx¿ ^&

cg';"rL M @ cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfdWo]sf s]xL gfdfjnL ^*–&#

;+lIfKtLs/0f &$

dfdnf cWoog dfdnf cWoog $M!M 6f]n6f]ndf afne]nf #&

dfdnf cWoog $M@M e"sDkkl5 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f $&

dfdnf cWoog %M!M xfdL klxnf] tx aGg]5f}+ %$

dfdnf cWoog %M@M aGb x8tfn gug]{ k|lta4tf %$

dfdnf cWoog %M#M ;/;kmfOdf h'6\b} l;4]Zj/sf afnaflnsf %%

dfdnf cWoog %M$M lj/f6gu/df b]zs} gd'gf afne]nf %^

dfdnf cWoog %M%M @)&% df rf}tf/fdf afnd}qL :yfgLo tx b]Vg'x'g]5 %&

dfdnf cWoog %M^M hftLo lje]b 36\bf] %&

dfdnf cWoog %M&M afnd}qL k'glg{df{0f %*

dfdnf cWoog %M*M k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotf %(

dfdnf cWoog %M(M afn ;+/If0fsf nflu lhNnfsf] kxn ^)

dfdnf cWoog %M!)M afnd}qLaf6 w]/} l;Sg' 5 ^!

dfdnf cWoog %M!!M ljlgof]hg ljw]os agfP/ afnd}qL cleofg ^@

dfdnf cWoog %M!@M lj/f6gu/sL klxnf] 5f]/LnfO{ eQf ^#

:yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh8

bfloTj M ljBfno hfg tof/ x'Fb} g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sL aflnsf . skfn afl6lbFb} pgsL cfdf .

:yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh 1

sfo{sf/L ;f/fFz afn e]nf afnaflnsfsf] afn;xeflutf;Fu ;DalGwt cfwf/e"t afn clwsf/ xf] . afn e]nf vf; u/]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL, !(*( sf] sfo{Gjogsf] Ps kf6f] xf] . g]kfnn] ;g\ !(() df cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] of] dxf;lGwn] afnaflnsfsf gfddf / ;jfndf ul/g] s'g} klg sfd afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ / pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/fpg' kg]{ dfu{bz{g lbPsf] 5 . o;} sf/0f g]kfndf afn e]nfnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKt 5 . g]kfnsf :yfgLo OsfO{df afnaflnsfx¿ Ps :yfgdf e]nf eO{ afn e]nfdfkm{t\ cfkm\gf ;/f]sf/nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ cEof; /x]sf] 5 .

n d'n'sdf P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ nfu" eO{;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ df afn clwsf/sf ;jfnx¿ yk :ki6;Fu k|:t't ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t eO{ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] sfo{ lj:t[lts/0f / dGqL kl/ifb\n] @)&$ h]7 !& df hf/L u/]sf] :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]z, @)&$ sf k|fjwfgn]

g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tf / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*( df g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]cg';f/ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjogdf cfPsf] xf] .


klg afnd}qL zf;gsf ;a} lqmofsnfknfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} clwsf/ tyf sfd stJo{sf] afF8kmfF8nfO{ :yfgLo txsf]sfo{ lhDd]jf/Lleq j8f OsfO;Dd k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .

n of] k|ltj]bgdf !# j6f tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfosf] afn e]nfsf] k|ToIf cjnf]sg u/L afn e]nf ;~rfng / afne]nfkZrft ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;Daf]wgnfO{ clen]vLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

n :yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh / o;sf] ;Daf]wg ;Daf]wg ;Daf]wg -afn e]nfsf qmddf cleJoQm ;d:of / ;jfn_ sf]b:tfj]h lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf rf/j6f ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . To;df cjnf]sg ljlw, b:tfj]hsf] ;+sng,;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu cGtjf{tf{ u/L ljZn]if0f;lxt k|ltj]bg n]vg sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] .

n g]kfndf afn e]nfsf] Oltxf;df @)&) ;fndf :yfgLo of]hgf 5gf}6sf] lgldQ klxnf] k6s sf:sL lhNnfdf afne]nf ePsf] lyof] . of] g} klxnf] k6s cf}krfl/s ?kdf afn e]nf ;DkGg ePsf] dflgG5 .

n afn e]nf Jojl:yt / k|lqmofut ?kdf ;xhLs/0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . afn e]nf ;DkGg ug{ :yfgLo txsf afnd}qL;Dks{ JolQm jf ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] ljz]if ;xhLs/0f e"ldsf /xg] dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt gLltkqdf pNn]v5 . afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ d"ntM tLg r/0fsf nflu sfo{tflnsf agfOPsf] x'G5 .

n afn e]nfdf ;xeflutfsf nflu lglZrt dfkb08 tf]s]sf] kfOG5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon]k|sflzt u/]sf] Úafn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx¿… cg';f/ afn e]nfdf afn ;~hfndf /x]sfk|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo txsf ljleGg ;+/rgfdf k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf afnaflnsfx¿, blnt, ckf+utf ePsf, ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, PsLs[t of]hgf th{'df ;ldltdf /x]sf ;a} afnaflnsfsf] pkl:yltx'g] Joa:yf 5 . h;df afns / aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf a/fa/ x'g' kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . cEof;sf qmddf afn e]nfdfafns / aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf a/fa/ eP klg blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd / ckf+utf ePsfafnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .

n afn e]nfdf afnaflnsfx¿n] cleJolQmd"ns lrqf+sg ljlw (Expressive Drawing Tools) sf] k|of]u u/]/ cfkm\gf

j8f e]nf M k;f{ lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg j]Njf uflj;df cfof]lht j8f e]nf .


wf/0ffx¿ /fV5g\ . o; qmddf x/]s ;d"xnfO{ dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{, ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft tyf kl/sNkgf h:tf cf}hf/sf] k|of]u u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;d:of tyf ;jfnsf] klxrfg ug]{ k|rng 5 .

afnaflnsfsf] k|d'v ;/f]sf/n afnaflnsfsf ;/f]sf/nfO{ tLg efudf laefhg ubf{ -s_ ;femf ;/f]sf/ -v_ e"sDk kLl8t If]qdf k'gldf{0f;Fu

;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ / -u_ aflnsfx¿sf] ;/f]sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .n ;femf ;/f]sf/df t]x| :yfgLo OsfOsf afn e]nfsf qmddf ;a} :yfgsf afnaflnsfn] ljBfnonfO{ afnd}qL agfpg

rfx]sf lyP . n ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ afnd}qL x'g'kg]{df clwsf+zsf] dfu 5 . afnaflnsf a:g] a]Grx¿ afnaflnsfsf]

prfO{cg';f/ x'g'kg]{, l;8Lx¿ xf]rf] x'g' kg]{ s'/fnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] ;dfa]z u/]sf 5g\ . n afn e]nfsf qmddf !# :yfgsf afnaflnsfn] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP .n clwsf+z afnaflnsfn] ;fj{hlgs / lghL dfldnfdf afnd}qL Joaxf/sf] ck]Iff u/]sf lyP . n ;a} :yfgsf afnaflnsfx¿n] afn ;+/If0fdf uDeL/ rf;f] JoQm u/] . n afn e]nfsf qmddf ;a} :yfgsf afnaflnsfn] uef{j:yfaf6 g} afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] ;jfnnfO{ cleJoQm

u/]sf 5g\ . hGd]sf] lbgaf6 !* jif{ k"/f geP;Dd p;sf] hLjg/Iffsf lgldQ cfjZos kg]{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfWoflTds ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf / :ofxf/sf] ;d'Rr clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6L dfu u/]sf 5g\ .

n afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfn] afn arfp;Fu ;DalGwt laleGg ;jfnnfO{ p7fg u/]sf 5g\ . vf; u/]/ pgLx¿n] cfdfsf] :jf:Yok|lt lrGtf ub}{ 3/ cf;kf;df g} ;'Ts]/L sIf -aly{ª ;]G6/_, lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFr ;]jfh:tf ljifo


p7fPsf 5g\ . n e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf k'gM lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ cGtu{t ;DalGwt If]qsf afnaflnsfn] k"glgdf{0f rfF8f]

;Sg hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . n e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfx¿n] ca aGg] ljBfnox¿ afnd}qL ef}lts ;+/rgfdf x'g' kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ .

To; If]qsf clwsf+z ljBfno ejg k"glgdf{0fsf qmddf ePsfn] ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g c:yfoL 6x/fdf eO/x]sf] 5 .

n e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfx¿n] ljBfno If]qdf k"0f{tM ;'/lIft dxz'; x'g] jftfj/0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf 5g\ .

n e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfnfO{ e"sDknufot cGo ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"glgs/0f x'g'kg]{ ;jfn p7fPsf 5g\ . ;'/lIft ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ff cGtu{t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;'/Iff pkfo dfq gvf]h]/ cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]k af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL h:tf cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 ;'/Iffsf] pkfo vf]lhG5 eg] afn lx+;f, afn b'/frf/, a]rlavgnufotsf hf]lvd lj?4 ;r]tgf / ;'/Iffsf pkfosf] vf]hL ul/G5 .

n afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] ;'/lIft lkpg] kfgLsf] kx'FrnfO{ d'Vo rf;f]sf] ?kdf /fv]sf lyP . hxfF lkpg] kfgL k|b'lift ePsf] / c;'/lIft kfgL lkpg afWo ePsf] s'/f afnaflnsfx¿n] atfPsf lyP .

n aflnsfx¿n] eg] ljBfnodf ;]g]6/L Kof8sf] Joa:yf ug{ dfu u/]sf lyP . n aflnsfx?n] afn e]nfsf qmddf k'?if lzIfsaf6 cfkm"x¿ lj?4 x'g] jf x'g;Sg] of}ghGo lx+;fsf] ;jfn klg

p7fPsf lyP .

e"sDk k|efljt If]q / cGo :yfgLo txsf afnaflnsfsf] ;femf ;/f]sf/e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnflnsfsf] k|d'v ;/f]sf/ cGo :yfgLo txsf afnaflnsfsf] k|d'v ;femf ;/f]sf/

n k'glg{df{0f rfF8f] ;Sg hf]8 . n ca aGg] ljBfnox¿ afnd}qL ;+/rgfdf x'g'kg]{ . n ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g c:yfoL 6x/fdf eO/x]sf]n]

k7gdf ;d:of . n ljBfno If]qdf k"0f{tM ;'/lIft jftfj/0fsf nflu

;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofgfsif{0f . n cGo ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / af9Lklx/f],

cfunfuLh:tf cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 ;'/Iffsf] pkfosf] vf]hL .

n k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f afn lx+;f, afn b'/frf/, a]rlavgnufotsf hf]lvd a9]sf] s'/f .

n e"sDkn] lkpg]kfgLsf] kfOk lau|]sfn] k|b"lift kfgL lkpg afWo ePsf] .

n e"sDkn] ;f}rfno eTsfPsfn] k'glg{df{0f x'g g;s]sf] .

n kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:o;Fu Ps} 6x/f]df a:g'kbf{ aflnsfx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] .

n e"sDksf sf/0f k9fO /fd|f] x'g g;s]sf] . n ;fyLx¿ afn>ddf hfg'k/]sf], / ljBfno gkms]{sf]df

lrGtf . n afn ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf cy{k"0f{ x'g g;s]sf] . n afns / aflnsfaLr e]befj sfod /x]sf] .

n ljBfnosf ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ afnd}qL x'g'kg]{ .n ljBfno lzIff eo/lxt x'g'kg]{ . n afnaflnsf a:g] a]Gr afnaflnsfsf] prfOFcg';f/ x'g'kg]{, l;F9Lx¿

xf]rf] x'g'kg]{ . n ;fj{hlgs / lghL dfldnfdf afnd}qL Jojxf/sf] ck]Iff . n afnaflnsfsf] afn ;+/If0fdf uDeL/ rf;f] . n uef{j:yfaf6 g} afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / hGd]sf] lbgaf6 !* jif{

k"/f geP;Dd hLjg/Iffsf lglDt cfu|x . n cfdfsf] :jf:Yok|lt lrGtf ub}{ 3/ cf;kf;d} ;'Ts]/L sIf -aly{ª

;]G6/_, lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFr ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ug{ dfu . n afnaflnsfsf] ljBfnodf ;]g]6/L Kof8sf] Joa:yf ug{ dfu n ;'/lIft lkpg]kfgLsf] kx'Fr a9fpg cfu|x . n k'?if lzIfsaf6 cfkm"x¿ lj?4 x'g] jf x'g;Sg] of}ghGo lx+;fsf]

;jfn . n afn Snasf] Ifdtf a9fpg cg'/f]w . n s'kf]if0fdf k/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ x]g]{ lgsfo gePsf] u'gf;f] . n afnljjfxlj?4 ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf . n ;"rgf / lzIffsf] kx'Fr sdhf]/ . n /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf xfd|f] cfjfh cfcf];\ .


afnaflnsfsf cfjfhsf] ;Daf]wgn afn e]nf p7fOPsf] ;jfnnfO{ a]Unf a]Un} :yfgLo txn] km/s 9+un] ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfd yfn]sf] 5 . n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift la/f6gu/ pk dxfgu/kflnsf -xfnM dxfgu/kflnsf_, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf / a}t8L

lhNnfsf] ;fljs l;4]Zj/ uflj;df afn e]nfaf6 afnaflnsfsf of]hgf k|fyfldsLs/0f ug]{ / tL of]hgfnfO{ g} clGtd dfGotf lbg] cEof; ul/Psf] 5 .

n lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfdf gd"gfsf ?kdf tLg lbg] afn e]nf ul/g] cEof;sf] yfngL ePsf] 5 . n tL :yfgLo txsf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . n tL :yfgLo txsf OsfO{df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rssf ;DaGwdf lgoldt cled"lvs/0f tyf tflnd k|bfg

ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . n :yfgLo txnfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/, k"0f{vf]k o'Qm, v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm, aftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] hfgsf/L

lbOPsf] lyof] . n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul//x]sf bfª lhNnfsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf, k;f{ lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg a]Njf

uflj;df afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] ;"rs k'/f u/fpg clwstd\ kxn ePsf] 5 . n e"sDk k|efljt lhNnf uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / bf]nvf lhNnfdf Wj:t ePsf] jf Iflt ePsf cfjf;x¿

k"glgdf{0fsf qmddf /x]sf] 5 . n e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf ljBfno lzIff k"j{jt\ ?kdf ;'rf? /x]sf] / afnaflnsfsf] l;sfO{ / ;fdflhs cGt/lqmofnfO{

;xh agfOPsf] 5 . n afnaflnsfs]lGb|t ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;d"x u7g u/L :yfgLo txdf ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . n lhNnfsf ;a} gu/kflnsf / s]xL ;fljs uflj; / xfn j8fx¿df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . n klnnf]k6s afn e]nfdfkm{t\ afnaflnsfsf ;d:of, ;jfnnfO{ klxrfg u/L :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmddf

k\mo"hg k|ljlw M uf]/vf lhNnfsf] b]p/fnLdf afnd}qL zf;g;DaGwL j[Qlrq k|bz{gLsf] tof/L . 8f]sf]nfO{

6]an agfP/ k|f]h]S6/ b]vfOFb}


;dfa]z ul/Psf] / !% k|ltzt /sd ljlgof]hg ug{ ;'? ePsf] 5 .

n e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf :yfgLo txdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt u7g ug]{ kxn ePsf] 5 .

n tL :yfgLo txdf ljBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joa:yfkg ;ldltdf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xeflutf u/fpg]tkm{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofg hfg yfn]sf] 5 .

n ;du|df ljleGg lhNnfsf :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿df lgoldt afn e]nf x'g yfn]kl5 of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf afn ;xeflutf t ePs} 5, ljBfno, ;d'bfodf afn Snasf] u7g, afnaflnsfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f, afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo ;ldltx¿sf] lqmoflzntf / afn e]nfdfkm{t\ afnaflnsfsf] of]hgf th{'df cflb lqmofsnfk ePsf 5g\ .

pknlAw tyf r'gf}tLx?n afn e]nf ;DkGg ePsf ( lhNnfsf !# :yfgdf ul/Psf] cjnf]sg

cWoogsf cfwf/df afn e]nfsf] dfu ;Daf]wgaf6 pknJwL b]lvPsf] :yfgLo txdf ul/Psf] cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn tyf cGtjf{tf{af6 kfOG5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ug]{ gLltut lg0f{o tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+/rgfut k|0ffnL cGtu{t ePsf sf/0f cj lgaf{lrt k|ltlglwn] sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ s]xL gLltut / Joaxfl/s r'gf}lt b]vf kg]{ 5 .

n :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng x'g] ;+3Lo sfg"g, To;kl5 aGg] k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] dfu{bz{g ;d]l6Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .

n :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ @@ Psn / !% j6f ;femf ;"rLdf sltko laifox¿ afnd}qL zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . o;df vf; u/]/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, ;xeflutf, ;+/If0fsf laifodf :yfgLo tx cfkm}n] sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] x'Fbf :yfgLo txsf] sfg"g lgdf{tfx¿df afnd}qL cjwf/0ffdf ;xdt / df]l6e]6]8 x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 .

n xfn k|rngdf /x]sf afnd}qL zf;gsf gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwx¿ ;+qmd0fdf /x]sfn] o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ePsf gLltut lg0f{o 7f]; gx'g ;S5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tf / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL, !(*( df g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]cg';f/ sfo{Gjogdf cfPsf] xf] . o;cg';f/ g]kfnsf] bLuf] lasf; nIo (Sustainable Development Goals-SDGs)

;Fu klg ;DalGwt /x]sfn] ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] gLltdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL gLlt ;d]6\g'kb{5 .

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 8

v08 !

!=! afn e]nf kl/ro afn e]nf d"ntM afnaflnsfx¿ Ps :yfgdf e]nf eO{ cfkm\gf ;/f]sf/nfO{PsLs[t ug]{ afnaflnsfsf] ;femf rf}tf/L xf] . :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿dfafnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt of]hgf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df ul/Fbf pgLx¿sf];xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fpg] k|lqmofnfO{ afn e]nf elgG5 .! x'g tafn e]nf cGo k|of]hgsf nflu klg cfof]hgf ul/g] k|rng 5 . h:tf]Mafn dxf]T;a, afn ;Dd]ng cflb OToflb . t/ tL afn e]nf cgf}krfl/sk|of]hgsf nflu x'g\ eg] :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf x'g] afn e]nf gLltlgdf{0f / lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afn ;xeflutf ug]{ k|lqmof xf] .@ :yfgLotxaf6 cfof]hgf ul/g] afn e]nf Ps :yflkt dfGotf ag]sf] 5 .#

!=@=:yfgLo txsf] k'g;{+/rgfkZrft afn e]nfsf] ;fGble{stf d"n'sdf P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L eO{ nfu" eO;s]sf]kl/k|]Iodf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg,@)&@ df afn clwsf/sf ;jfnx¿ yk;':ki6 k|:t't ePsf] 5 .$ ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xs cGtu{t wf/f #( dfafnaflnsfsf] xssf] ?kdf Joa:yf ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;+a}wflgs xsn]afnaflnsfsf] klxrfg / JolQmTj ljsf;, afn ljsf;, afn ;+/If0f /afn ;xeflutfsf] xsnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f # dfg]kfnsf] ;+a}wflgs Oltxf;df g} klxnf] k6s afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfsf]xsnfO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ Wofglbg] eg] /fHosf gLltx¿df pNn]v ePaf6 afn clwsf/sf] dxTjnfO{:ki6 kfb{5 . gofF ;+ljwfgn] ;+ljwfgn] ;+ljwfgn] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx ;lxtsf] tLg

afn e]nf kl/ro / b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] k|lqmof

!= dL/]i6 g]kfn -@)&@_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf nflu ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf nflu tflnd lgb]{lzsf .@= dL/]i6 g]kfn -@)&@_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf nflu ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf nflu tflnd lgb]{lzsf .#= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*( g]kfnn] g]kfnn] g]kfnn] ;g\ !(() ;]K6]Da/ !$ df cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . / g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;+emf}tf ;DaGwL P]g cg';f/ g]kfn sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'G5 .$ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@, g]kfn ;/sf/ sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dGqfno, sfg"g lstfj Joa:yf ;ldlt .


afnaflnsfsf ;+j}wflgs xs g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] wf/f #( n] afnflnsfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

wf/f #( afnaflnsfsf] xs M

-!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfk\mgf] klxrfg;lxt gfdfs/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfngkf]if0f, plrt :oxf/, v]ns'b, dgf]/~hg tyf ;jf{+uL0f

JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .

-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f/lDes afn ljsf; tyf afn ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .

-$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .

-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afnljjfx, u}/sfg'gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg] 5}g .

-^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;fF:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf gfddf s'g}

klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt

k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf

lbg kfOg] 5}g .

-*_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"nsf] Gofo x'g]5 .

-(_ c;xfo, cgfy, ckf+utf ePsf, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf

kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

-!)_ pkwf/f -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ ljk/Ltsf sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] so{af6 kL8saf6 sfg'gadf]lhd

Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

txsf] gofF ;+/rgf kl/nlIft u/] adf]lhd :yfgLo tx sfo{Gjogdf cfPkl5 ;+ljwfgsf] kl/sNkgfcg';f/sf] afnclwsf/ k|a4{g ug]{ bfloTj /fHosf tLg txsf] x'g] clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF6af6 yfxf x'G5 .% :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ / g]kfn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/ifbaf6 :jLs[t eO ;fj{hlgs ePsf] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] sfo{ a[:t[lts/0f / dGqL kl/ifbn] @)&# h]7 !& ut] hf/L u/]sf] :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg cfb]z, @)&$ sf k|fjwfgn] klg afnd}qL zf;gsf ;a} lqmofsnfksnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} clwsf/ tyf sfd stJo{sf] afF8kmfF8nfO{ j8f OsfO;Dd k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .^

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] clwsf/ / ;|f]tdf kx'Fr ePsf] :yfgLo txsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] lasf;;+u ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ :jtM :yfgLo txsf] cleGg c+u ePsf] ;Gbe{df jfnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g kBlt cjnDag ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;+rfng P]g @)&$ cg';f/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, v]ns'b, JolQmut 36gf btf{ h:tf sfo{ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{ If]q leq /xg] / ;'/lIft dft[Tj, laBfyL{ egf{, k"0f{ vf]k, v'nf lbzfd'Qm, ;/;kmfO{, jftfj/0fd}qL h:tf afnd}qL zf;g;+u ;DalGwt

gofF ;Gbe{df afne]nfnfO{ k|:tfljt :yfgLo zf;g ;+rfng ;DaGwL P]g, @)&$ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] :yfgLo tx ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL cfb]z @)&$ n] klg of] k|lqmofnfO{ ;dy{g ub{5 .

%= g]kfn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/ifbsf] sfo{no -@)&#_ ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/ ;"rLsf] afF8kmfF8 / lj:t[tLs/0f .^= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_ :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng ;DaGwdf hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z, @)&# .


k|a4{gfTds sfo{ lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txsf] sfd st{Jo clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ ePsfn] oL sfo{ ubf{ ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof cjnDag ug{' kg]{ Joa:yf ePsf]n] afn e]nf h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ k|lqmofsf] vfFrf] cem 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] 5 . oxL ;fGble{stfnfO{ Vofn u/]/ afn e]nfsf cg'ej, k|lqmof / afne]nfn] p7fg u/]sf ;d:of ;jfnnfO{ ;d]6]/ of] b:tfj]h tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

afn e]nf afnaflnsfsf] afn ;xeflutf;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . afn e]nf vf; u/]/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL, !(*( n] lgb]{z u/]sf] cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjog ul/g] dfWod xf] . g]kfnn] ;g\ !(() df cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] of] dxf;lGwn] afnaflnsfsf gfddf / ;jfndf ul/g] s'g} klg sfd afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ / pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/fpg'kg]{ dfu{bz{g lbPsf] 5 . afnclwsf/x¿sf] cEof;sf qmddf afn e]nfsf]] ax'kIfLo ;DaGw x'G5 . /, o;sf] cEof; k|efjsf/L 9+un] x'g ;s]df afn clwsf/sf cGo kIf klg ;fy{s k|rng x'g ;Sg] dflgPsf] 5 .

!=# afnclwsf/ dxf;GwLsf] ;Gbe{afn e]nf cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfsf] dxTjk"0f{ s8L xf] eGg] ;Gbe{ dflysf] cg'R5]bdf rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . afn ;xeflutf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL, !(*(sf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t /x]/ afn


k|d'v afn clwsf/x¿n afn clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw -!(*(_ df pNn]v ePsf afn clwsf/sf rf/ ;d"x dxf;lGwdf pNn]lvt afn

clwsf/x¿nfO{ ;/n tl/sfn] a'e\mg o;nfO{ rf/ ;d"xdf ljeflht ul/Psf] 5 . t/ afn clwsf/sf oL rf/ ;d"x

Pscfk;df ;DalGwt / kl/k"/s 5g\ .

n afnaflnsfsf] af“Rg kfpg] clwsf/ M dxf;lGwsf] wf/f ^ df afFRg kfpg] afnaflnsfsf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ ePsf]

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

n afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/ M dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !^ df lghLkgsf] ;+/If0f, !( df b'Jo{jxf/ / pk]Iffaf6 ;+/If0f

/ wf/f @) df kl/jf/ljxLg x'gaf6 ;+/If0fsf k|fjwfg /flvPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L wf/f #@—#( ;Dddf afn>d, nfu"

kbfy{sf] b'?kof]u, of}g zf]if0f, a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/, ckx/0f, c¿ k|sf/sf zf]if0fx¿, oftgf / :jtGqtfsf]

ckx/0f, ;z:q ;+3if{df k|of]u / k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf cflb ;+/If0fsf ljleGg clwsf/x¿sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

;+/If0fsf] clwsf/n] d"ntM afnaflnsfnfO{ xflg, zf]if0f / e]befjaf6 ;+/If0fsf] k|Tofe"lt u/]sf] 5 .

n afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;sf] clwsf/ M dxf;lGwsf] wf/f @* / @( df lzIff;DaGwL, wf/f @$ df :jf:Yo;DaGwL / wf/f

#! df dgf]/~hg;DaGwL clwsf/x¿ ;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

n afn ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ M wf/f !@ df :jtGq ljrf/sf] clwsf/, wf/f !# df cleJolQmsf]clwsf/, -wf/f !$ df

:jtGq cf:yfsf] clwsf/, wf/f !% df ;+u7gsf] clwsf/ / wf/f !& df ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf pNn]v ePsf]

5 .

— ;|f]tM afn clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw -!(*(_

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f # df g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;df g} klxnf]k6s afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfsf] xsnfO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

clwsf/sf ;DefunfO{ :yfgLos/0f ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfndf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*( sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ afn clwsf/;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ ul/Psf 5g\ . tTsfnLg kl/j]zdf :yfgLo lgsfosf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ug{sf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt cjnDag ug{'kg]{ gLltut Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] .& oxL gLltut Joj:yfcg';f/ afn e]nf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .* d"ntM :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] sfo{ljlwx¿n]( ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ afnaflnsfsf If]qdf clgjfo{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{' kg]{ / o;/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt ckgfpg' kg]{ afWofTds Joa:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

afnaflnsfsf If]qdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* / afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^* n] ljz]if e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . afne]nf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/f k|sflzt u/L afn e]nf ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ ljlw / k|lqmofx¿, ;do ;Ldf / o;sf] of]hgf th{'dfsf ;do ;Ldf :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .!) log} gLltut ljlw / k|lqmofsf cfwf/df xfn;Dd :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿df afne]nf x'Fb} cfPsf] :d/0fLo 5 .

&= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^*_, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt / afn e]nf :yfgLo zf;g sfo{ljlw, -@)^*_

*= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_, afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx? .

(= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^(_ :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joa:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( .

!) ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_, afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx?

v08 @

b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] ljlwafnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* n] zf;gsf]ljleGg txdf pd]/ / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfsf]cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ gLltut Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; k|of]hgsf nfluafnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^*df afn ;xeflutfsf;+/rgfx¿ ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 . o;cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf!@ b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+:yfut ;xeflutfsf] ;+oGq ljsf;ug]{ lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .!! ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, pkef]Qmf;ldltx¿ klg lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ lgsfodf kb{5g\ . o;sf ;xof]uLlgsfodf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, ljifout lgsfo,/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;ldlt, /fhgLlts bnx¿ kb{5g\ . o;}sf nflu ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] Úafn e]nf ;~rfng ug{' kbf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{s'/fx¿… gfds k'l:tsf k|sfzg u/L afn e]nf ;~rfngsf k|lqmofnfO{Jojl:yt agfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .

pk/f]Qm gLlt tyf ljlwsf] clwgdf /xL :yfgLo txsf] ;xeflutfd"nsof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf afn e]nf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .o; qmddf qmddf qmddf @)&# ;fnsf] d+l;/ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftfb]lv k';sf] bf];|f];ftf;Dd b]ze/ afne]nf cfof]hgf u/L pgLx¿sf] ;/f]sf/nfO{ ;+sngul/Psf] lyof] .

o; k|ltj]bgdf g]kfnsf !# j6f!@ :yfgLo lgsfosf] afn e]nfsf] k|ToIfcjnf]sg u/L afne]nf ;~rfng / afn e]nf kZrft ;/f]sf/jfnfsf];Daf]wgnfO{ lgDg ljifodf s]lGb|t ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .

:yfgLo txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf !@ b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] ;+:yfut ;xeflutfsf] ;+oGq ljsf; ug]{ lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

b:tfj]hLs/0fsf] ljlw

!!= afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt /0fgLlt /0fgLlt / afn e]nf :yfgLo zf;g sfo{ljlw, -@)^*_ !@= a}t8L lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg l;4]Zj/ uflj;, la/f6gu/ pk dfxgu/kflnsf -df]/ª_ ;'gjn gu/kflnsf -gjnk/f;L_, 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf

-bfª_, a]Njf uflj; -k;f{_, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf -bf]nvf_, af]r uflj; -bf]nvf_, rf}tf/f gu/kflnsf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, 7"nf] l;?jf/L uflj;

-l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, lab"/ gu/kflnsf -g'jfsf]6_, sljnf; uflj; -g'jfsf]6_, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf / b]p/fnL uflj; -uf]/vf_ k/]sf lyP .


@=!= afn e]nfsf qmddf b:tfj]hLs/0f ug{ vf]lhPsf ljifox¿ :yfgLo lgsfox¿ -tTsfnLg gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;_ ;xefuLd"ns of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof cGtu{t ;do;Ldf leq g} afn e]nf cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . tL afn e]nf / afn e]nfkZrft b:tfj]h lgdf{0fsf nflu lgDg laifo lgofn]/ cjnf]sg / laZn]if0f ul/Psf lyP .

n afn e]nfdf ;xefuL ePsf afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTjdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] l:ylt

n afn e]nf ;xhLs/0fsf ljlw / k|lqmofx¿n afn e]nf dfkm{t\ cleJoQm ;jfn, ;d:of / dfusf] cj:yf n afnaflnsfn] p7fPsf k|d'v ;/f]sf/x¿ n km/s ef}uflns If]q / n}+lus cfwf/df afnaflnsfsf] cfjfhsf]

;dfgtf jf c;dfgtf n afn e]nfn] p7fPsf] ;jfndf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;Daf]wg . n :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf k|0ffnLdf afne]nfsf] :yfg

@=@ b:tfj]hn] ;d]6]sf] ef}uf]lns If]q:yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh / o;sf] ;Daf]wg -afn e]nfsf qmddf cleJoQm ;d:of / ;jfnsf]] b:tfj]hLs/0f_ sf nflu b]zsf ( lhNnfsf ;fljs !# :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lyof] . 5gf}6df k/]sf :yfgLo lgsfox¿df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lfift :yfgLo lgsfo, afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo cjnDag ul//x]sf :yfgLo lgsfo / ut aif{sf] e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnf elg lrlgPsf lhNnf dWo]sf k|d'v :yfgLo lgsfo /x]sf 5g\ .

o'lg;]km g]kfnsf] sfo{qmlds pkl:ylt /x]sf], afn Sna / afnaflnsfsf cGo ;~hfn;Fu laBdfg ;Dks{ sfod /x]sf] / dL/]i6 g]kfnsf] sfo{ If]q h:tf dfkb08sf cfwf/df tL lhNnf tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] 5gf]6sf] lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

afn e]nf;DaGwL cjnf]sg / b:tfj]h lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf tTsfnLg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / :yfgLo lgsfosf] k"a{ :jLs[lt lnP/ pgLx¿s} ;xsfo{df afn e]nfsf] cfof]hgf / To;sf] b:tfj]hLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

b:tfj]hLs/0fdf ;d]l6Psf ef}uf]lns If]q / :yfgLo OsfOx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

-s_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift OsfOx¿ -!_ la/f6gu/ pk dxfgu/kflnsf df]/ª, -@_ ;'gjn gu/kflnsf

-gjnk/f;L_ / -#_ l;4]Zj/ uflj; -a}t8L_

:yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh / o;sf] ;Daf]wg -afn e]nfsf qmddf cleJoQm ;d:of / ;jfnsf]] b:tfj]hLs/0f_ sf nflu b]zsf ( lhNnfsf !# :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ 5gf]6 ul/Psf] lyof] .


-v_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul//x]sf e"sDk k|efljtafx]ssf OsfOx¿

-!_ 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf bfª -@_ a]Njf uflj; -k;f{_ .

-u_ e"sDk cltk|efljt lhNnfsf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul//x]sf OsfOx¿ M

-!_ eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf -bf]nvf_, -@_ af]r uflj; -bf]nvf_, -#_ rf}tf/f gu/kflnsf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_, -$_ 7"nf] l;?jf/L uflj; -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ -%_ lab"/ gu/kflnsf -g'jfsf]6_, -^_ sljnf; uflj; -g'jfsf]6_ -&_ uf]/vf gu/kflnsf, -uf]/vf_ -*_ b]p/fnL uflj; -uf]/vf_ .

;du|df Ps pkdxfgu/kflnsf, ^ gu/kflnsf / ^ uflj; lyP . :yfgLo txsf] k"g;+/rgf x'Fbf gu/kflnsfafx]ssf uflj;x¿ :yfgLo txsf] j8f OsfOdf kl/at{g ePsf 5g\ . lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf dxfgu/kflnsfdf :t/f]Gglt ePsf] 5 . a}t8Lsf] l;4]Zj/ uflj; kf6g gu/kflnsfdf uflePsf] 5 . To;} u/L bf]nvfsf] af]r uflj; eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f OsfO, uf]/vfsf] b]p/fnL uf]/vf gu/kflnsfdf / g'jfsf]6sf] sljnf; kGrsGof ufpFkflnsf / k;f{sf] a]Njf uflj; a]Njf ufpFkflnsfsf] @ j8f OsfO ag]sf] 5 .

6x/f]df lzIff M l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] s'leG8]df e"sDkkl5 ag]sf] c:yfoL 6x/fcufl8 afnaflnsf .

l;4]Zj/

3f]/fxL gkf

;'gjn gkf

j]Njf

lj/f6gu/ dgkf

b]p/fnL

sljnf;

ljb'/ gkf

rf}tf/f gkf

af]r

eLd]Zj/ gkf

7"nf] l;?jf/L

uf]/vf gkf

;d]l6Psf] ef}uf]lns If]q


@=# afn e]nf ;DkGg ePsf ldlt / :yfg;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfon] lgDg ldlt / :yfgdf afn e]nfsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP .

:yfgLo lgsfo afn e]nf cfof]hgf ePsf] :yfg afn e]nf cfof]hgf ePsf] ldlt

!= l;4]Zj/ uflj; -a}t8L_ uflj; k|fªu0f, vf]8k] ahf/ @)&# k'; !) ut]

@= 3f]/fxL gkf -bfª_ ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfno @)&# d+l;/ !* ut]

#= a]Njf uflj; -k;f{_ ;fljs uflj;sf] sfof{no @)&# k'; @ ut]

$= ;'gjn gkf -gjnk/f;L_ k|ultgu/ afn pBfg @)&# k'; !^ ut]

%= la/f6gu/ pk dxfgu/klfnsf s+rgh+3f kf6L{ Kofn]; @)&# k'; (,!),!! ut]

^= eLd]Zj/ gkf -bf]nvf_ gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no @)&# k'; ! ut]

&= af]r uflj; -bf]nvf_ ljBfno ejg @)&# k'; ! ut]

*= rf}tf/f gkf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ j8f gu/ ;"rgf s]Gb| @)&# d+l;/ !* ut]

(= 7"nf] l;?jf/L -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ afn ;+/If0f ;ldltsf] sfo{no @)&# k'; * ut]

!)= lab"/ gkf -g'jfsf]6_ ljb'/ gu/kflnsf @)&# d+l;/ !* ut]

!!= sljnf; uflj; -g'jfsf]6_ uflj; ejg @)&# k'; !^ ut]

!@= uf]/vf gu/kflnsf uf]/vf ld/fsn xf]6]n @)&# d+l;/ !* ut]

!#= b]p/fnL uflj; uf]/vf /fdzfx dfWolds ljBfno @)&# d+l;/ $ ut]

hDdf

@=$ ljlwx¿:yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf cfjfh / o;sf] ;Daf]wg -afn e]nfsf qmddf cleJoQm ;d:of / ;jfn_ sf] b:tfj]h lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf rf/j6f ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .

-s_ cjnf]sg ljlwM tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfon] cfof]hgf ug]{ afn e]nfdf k|ToIf ;xefuL eO{ afn e]nf ;DkGg ubf{ ckgfOg] ;a} k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkdf ;DnUg eO{ cjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] . afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ :yfgLo lgsfox¿n] afnaflnsfsf] cfjfh / larf/nfO{ k|ikm'6g ug{sf nflu cleJolQmd"ns lrqf+sg k4lt (Expressive

Drawing Tool) sf] k|of]u u/]sf lyP . tL ;Dk"0f{ ljlwdfkm{t\ afnaflnsfn] JoQm u/]sf cfjfhsf] clen]vLs/0fnfO{ cjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] .

-v_ b:tfj]hsf] ;+sngM :yfgLo lgsfon] cfof]hgf ug]{ afn e]nfsf lg0f{ox¿sf] clen]vx¿ ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L ;+sng ul/Psf k|d'v b:tfj]hx¿df afn e]nfkZrft ul/Psf] dfOGo'6, afne]nfdf afnaflnsfsf] pkl:ylt, afn e]nfkZrft tof/ ul/g] k|ltj]bg / ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] kl/ifbdf k]z ePsf] gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] b:tfj]h ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgLo txsf] k'g;{+/rgfkl5 klg gu/÷ufpF;efsf] cjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] .


-u_ cGtjf{tf{M :yfgLo lgsfon] afn e]nf ;DkGg u/]kl5 afn e]nfdf cleJoQm cfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wgsf laifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;+lIfKt cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] . cGtjf{tf{sf qmddf :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, :yfgLo txsf /fhgLlts bn, ljBfnosf kbflwsf/L, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{nosf kbflwsf/Lx¿, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L / k|x/L sfo{nosf lhDd]jf/ JolQmx¿;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf] lyof] .

-3_ ljZn]if0f / k|:t'ltM pk/f]Qm ljlwsf dfWodn] !# :yfgLo lgsfodf ;+sng ePsf l6kf]6 / ;"rgfsf cfwf/df dL/]i6 g]kfnsf :yfgLo ;|f]t JolQmx¿n] a]Unf a]Un} k|lta]bg k|:t't ug{' ePsf] lyof] . -k|lta]bg n]vssf] gfdfjnL cg';"rL ! df pNn]v 5 ._ tL k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] tYo / tYof+s / ;"rgfnfO{ PsLs[t u/L dL/]i6 g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{nodf laZn]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

of] ljZn]if0f ul/bf laifoa:t'sf] laZn]if0f (Thematic Content Analysis) ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . x/]s :yfgLo lgsfodf afnaflnsfn] lrqf+sg ljlwaf6 JoQm ul/Psf ;femf cleJolQm, uDeL/tfsf cfwf/df JoQm ePsf gf}nf laifonfO{ klxrfg ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . afnaflnsfsf cfjfhx¿ oyfy{k/s 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGgsf nflu :ynut cjnf]sg u/L ;d'bfosf cGo JolQmx¿;Fu klg k/fdz{ ul/ laifosf] PsLg ul/Psf] lyof] . o; k|:t'ltdf afnaflnsfsf ;femf cfjfh / e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfsf] km/s cfjfh / afns aflnsfsf] cfjfhnfO{ km/s 9+un] laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

afnaflnsfsf cfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ;jfndf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] egfOnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfO{ k|ltj]bg agfOPsf] 5 .

@=%= ;Ldfx¿ k|:t't b:tfj]hnfO{ g]kfnL afnaflnsfsf] ;femf cfjfh / ljrf/sf ?kdf k|:t't ug]{ k|of;sf afah'b ;dosf] ;Lldttf, ;|f]tsf] ckof{Kttfsf sf/0f ;fljs !# :yfgLo lgsfosf] dfq k|ltlglwd"ns cfjfhnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k|foM afn e]nfx¿ ljBfnodf cfof]hgf ePsf lyP . afn e]nfdf d"ntM ;a} afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj gx'g] x'Fbf ljBfno lzIffaf6 alGrt afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj gx'g] kSsf lyof] . o;sf/0f afn >ddf k/]sf afnaflnsf, ;8s afnaflnsf, cfl>t afnaflnsf tyf ;LdfGt tyf kl5l8Psf afnaflnsfsf] cfjfh tyf larf/x¿ oxfF ;txL ?kdf dfq k/]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfn] lrqf+sgaf6 cleJoQm u/]sf ;jfn / ;d:ofnfO{ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf cg'jfb ubf{ sltko :yfgdf

x/]s :yfgLo lgsfodf afnaflnsfn] lrqf+sg ljlwaf6 JoQm ul/Psf ;femf cleJolQm, uDeL/tfsf cfwf/df JoQm ePsf gf}nf ljifonfO{ klxrfg ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] lyof] .


;xhstf{sf] larf/ xfaL x'g] cj:yf sfod /Xof] . To;n] klg afnaflnsfsf] cfjfhsf] clen]lvs/0fdf cj/f]w u/]sf] 5 .

;xhLs/0fsf qmddf efiffut cj/f]w klg lyof] . k|foM ;a} :yfgdf ;xhstf{x¿n] g]kfnL efiff k|of]u u/]sf lyP t/ afn e]nfdf ;xefuL ;a} afnaflnsfx¿, ljz]ifu/L ;'b"/klZrdsf, dw];L / cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx¿sf] dft[efiff g]kfnL lyPg . pgLx¿n] cfk;L ;Nnfx ubf{ dft[efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ub{y] eg] ;d"xdf g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u ug'{kb{Yof] . tL afnaflnsfn] lglZrt txsf] g]kfnL a'‰g ;Sg] ePsfn] ;+jfb k|lqmof ;xh ePsf] lyof] .

afn e]nfdf ;xefuL ;a} afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{] k|oTg afn e]nf cfof]hsn] u/]sf lyP . tfklg afnaflnsfsf] k|s[ltdf ePsf km/sx¿, nhfn'kgf / afn e]nf / afn clwsf/sf ;jfndf cled'vLs/0fsf] cefjsf sf/0f s]xL afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm\gf s'/f JoQm ug{ lxlRsrfpg] jf c¿sf] gSsn dfq ug{] lyP . To;sf/0f, pgLx¿sf b[li6sf]0f / cg'ejx¿ ;kmntfk"j{s k|fKt ug{ / plrt 9+8n] ;d]6\g g;lsPsf] klg x'g ;S5 .

afn ;f]r M ;'gjnsf afnaflnsfx? cfk;df 5nkmn ub}{

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g22

cEof;df afn e]nf

#=! afn e]nfsf] cEof; afn e]nfsf] cjwf//0ff ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsaf/ dxf;lGw !(*(g]kfnn] ;g\ !(() df cg'df]bg u/]kl5 cf}krfl/s ?kdf ;'? ePsf]xf] . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf sfod /x]sf] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,@)$& df /x]sf] ;Lldt ;+a}wflgs Joa:yfnfO{ 6]s]/ la=;+= @)$* ;fndfafnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g hf/L eof] . t/ klg afn clwsf/ dxf;GwLsf]wf/f !% -!_ n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] afnaflnsfsf] ;+u7g vf]Ng] clwsf/k|fKt gePsfn] afn Sna btf{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k/fdfb]z kl5dfq ;Dej eof] . To;kl5 afn Sjax¿sf] :jtGq btf{ / afn Snasf]ultljlwn] :yfg kfPsf] lyof] .!#

g]kfnsf] afn e]nfsf] Oltxf;df @)&) ;fndf sf:sL lhNnfafn;~hfnn] klxnf] k6s afne]nf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . xfn;Ddsf]hfgsf/Lcg';f/ of] g} klxnf] afne]nf xf] .!$ g]kfn ;/sf/n] afnd}qL:yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL /fli6«o /0fgLlt / afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjogsfo{ljlw, @)^* hf/L u/] kl5 afn e]nfdfkm{t\ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd5gf}6 ug]{ k4lt cjnDag ul/Psf] xf] . tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfox¿dfafnaflnsf;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ug{sf nflu ;dfj]zL /;xeflutfd"ns k4lt cjnDag ug{'kg]{ gLltut Joa:yfaf6 afn e]nf:yfgLo lgsfox¿df afn e]nf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] lyof] .

:yfgLo txsf] k'g;+{/rgfkl5 :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ /g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L ePsf] :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng tyf

tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfox¿df afnaflnsf;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ug{sf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns k4lt cjnDag ug{'kg]{ gLltut Joj:yfaf6 afn e]nf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] lyof] .

v08 #

!#= gjnk/f;Lsf] hfu[lt Sna btf{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{nodf gePsf] egL ltnf]Qdf kf}8]nåf/f ;af]{Rr cbfntdf lbOPsf] l/6 lga]bgsf

cfwf/df @)%* ;fn ebf} @% ut] hf/L ePsf] pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/fdfb]zn] btf{sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] xf] . xfn lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltdf afn

Sna btf{ ug]{ k|fjwfg 5 . !$= sf:sL lhNnfdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 .


Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]z, @)&$ n]!% afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|a4{g ug]{ lhDdf :yfgLo tx ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbPsfn] afn e]nfsf] clgjf{otfnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . afn e]nf ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu x'g] eP tfklg :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿n] cfof]hgf ug]{ afn e]nf d"ntM afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . o:tf] afn e]nf gu/ tyf ufpF:t/df cfof]hgf u/]/ of]hgf th{'df ug]{ cEof; 5 . t/ s]xL gu/kflnsfdf ;fljs j8f:t/df klg afn e]nf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] gLltut lg0f{ocg';f/ afnaflnsfx¿sf] of]hgf 5gf}6 ug'{ k"j{ afnaflnsfx¿sf] afn e]nf ug{' kg]{ x'G5 .!^ ;fdfGotM o:tf] afn e]nf :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof ;'? x'g k"j{ d+;L/sf] klxnf] ;ftf ;DkGg ug{' kg]{ x'G5 .!& t/ gofF ;Gbe{df :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf 5gf}6 k|0ffnLdf h]7df afne]nf ug'{kg]{ gLltut Joj:yf 5 . o;/L afne]nf ubf{ 6f]n tyf a:tL:t/Lo / j8f:t/Lo afne]nf ug]{ cEof; ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 .

#=@= afn e]nfsf k|lqmofx¿afn e]nf Jojl:yt / k|lqmofut ?kdf ;~rfng ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . afn e]nf ;DkGg ug{ :yfgLo txsf afnd}qL ;Dks{ JolQm jf ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] laz]if e"ldsf /xg] dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt gLltkqdf pNn]v 5 . afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ d"ntM tLg r/0fsf nflu sfo{tflnsf agfOPsf] x'G5 .

-s_ afn e]nf cfof]hgf k"j{sf] r/0f -v_ afn e]nfsf] r/0f -u_ afn e]nfkZrft\

n of] r/0fdf afn SnanfO{ Jojl:yt eP gePsf] ;d'bfo / ljBfnosf] tYof+s cWofjlws ug]{ .

n afn Snax¿sf] u7g / k"gu7g ug]{ .

n afn Snaaf6 afn e]nfdf ;xefuL x'g] afns / aflnsfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .

n ;xefuLx¿sf] gfdfjnL cWofjlws ug]{ .

n afn e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ ldlt / :yfg to ug]{ .

n afn e]nf ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ /sdsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

n afn e]nf cfof]hgf ul/bf cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .

n afn e]nfdf ;xefuL x'g cfpg] afnaflnsfsf nflu oftfoft vr{ / vfhfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

n of] r/0f eg]sf] afn e]nf cfof]hgf ug{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;a} sfo{ ;DkGg x'G5 .

n ;d"x laefhg / ;d"xsf] ;xhLs/0f ug{sf nflu a]Unf a]Un} k|lzlIft ;xhstf{nfO{ lhDd]jf/L ;'Dkg' kb{5 .

n ;xefuL ;a}sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ :yfg tyf jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ .

n sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ ;fdfu|Lx¿ lat/0f ug{ . n dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{ s'/fx¿ lrqdfkm{t\ k|s6 ug{ k|f]T;flxt

ug]{ . n ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft :yfg klxrfg u/L lrqdfkm{t\

cleJoQm ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ . n kl/sNkgf u/L ufpF–gu/nfO{ s:tf] agfpg] eg]/

lrqdfkm{t\ k|s6 u/fpg] . n z/L/ gS;f+sg u/L lxhf]sf] cj:yfaf6 s;/L kl/jt{g

ePsf] 5 eg]/ d"Nof+sg ug{ nufpg] . n lrqaf6 cfPsf dg kg]{ / gkg]{, ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft tyf

kl/sNkgfaf6 cfPsf ;jfn / ;d:of / dfu 5'6\ofpg] . n cfPsf ;jfn, ;d:of / dfusf cfwf/df of]hgf tyf

sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldlss/0f ug]{ . n cGTodf ltg} k|fyldsLs/0fnfO{ dfOGo'6df ptfg]{ .

n afn e]nfaf6 dfu eO{ cfPsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;DalGwt gu/ / uflj;df k]z ug]{ .

n afnaflnsfsf] dfux¿ ;DalGwt j8fdf k]z ug]{ .

n j8f txaf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ PsLs[t of]hgf th{'df ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ .

n ;DalGwt kl/ifb\df k]; u/L :jLs[lt lng] .

n kfl/t ePsf of]hgfx?sf] /sd lgsf;f tyf sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{

afne]nfsf] r/0f

afne

]nf kZr

ftafn

e]n

f k"j{s

f] r/0

f

!%= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_ :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng ;DaGwdf hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z, @)&# !^= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^(_ :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joa:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( . !&= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_, afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx? .


#=# afn e]nfdf ;xeflutfsf] l:ylt afn e]nfdf ;xeflutfsf nflu lglZrt dfkb08 tf]s]sf] kfOG5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] k|sflzt u/]sf] afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx¿ cg';f/ afn e]nfdf afn ;~hfndf /x]sf k|ltlglwx¿, :yfgLo txsf ljleGg ;+/rgfdf k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf afnaflnsfx¿, blnt, ckf+utf ePsf, ljBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, PsLs[t of]hgf th{'df ;ldltdf /x]sf ;a} afnaflnsfsf] pkl:ylt x'g] Joa:yf 5 . h;df afns / aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf a/fa/ x'g' kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . cEof;sf qmddf afn e]nfdf afns / aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf a/fa/ eP klg blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd / ckf+utf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 .

vf; u/]/ ljBfno:t/sf] afn Sna u7g ubf{ sIffdf /fd|f] c+s Nofpg] laBfyL{nfO{ g} afn Snadf /fVg] k|rngn] ubf{ cj;/ gkfPsf afnaflnsfx¿ alGrt x'g] / ljBfno aflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsfx¿ afn e]nfdf ;xefuL x'g g;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 .

cjnf]sg ul/Psf !# :yfgLo OsfOsf] afn e]nfdf /x]sf] pkl:ylt

:yfgLo lgsfo afns aflnsf hDdf

!=l;4]Zj/ uflj; -a}t8L_ #! #@ ^#

@=3f]/fxL gkf -bfª_ &! &% !$^

# a]Njf uflj; -k;f{_ #@ $* *)

$=;'gjn gkf -gjnk/f;L_ @^ $) ^^

%= lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf #@ @( ^!

^= eLd]Zj/ gkf -bf]nvf_ @& ## ^)

&= af]r uflj; -bf]nvf_ @@ @# $%

*= rf}tf/f gkf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ @$ @# $&

(= 7"nf] l;?jf/L -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ @) #) %)

!)= lab"/ gkf -g'jfsf]6_ #) #& ^&

!!= sljnf; uflj; -g'jfsf]6_ !( @# $@

!@= uf]/vf gu/kflnsf uf]/vf $! %) (!

!#= b]p/fnL uflj; uf]/vf @% @$ $(

hDdf $)) $^& *^&

afn e]nf ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu x'g] eP tfklg :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿n] cfof]hgf ug]{ afn e]nf d"ntM afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt of]hgf 5gf]6 ug]{ k|lqmof xf] .


#=$ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf cfwf/df afn e]nfsf ;xefuLx¿

:yfgLo lgsfo blnt ;+Vof / k|ltzt

cflbjf;L hghflt ;+Vof / k|ltzt

dw]zL / d'l:nd ;+Vof / k|ltzt

v; cfo{ ;+Vof / k|ltzt

hDdf ;+Vof / k|ltzt

!= l;4]Zj/ uflj; -a}t8L_ — — — ^#÷!))Ü ^#÷!))Ü

@= 3f]/fxL gkf -bfª_ !(÷!#Ü %$÷#& Ü %÷# Ü ^*÷$&Ü !$^÷!))Ü

#= a]Njf uflj; -k;f{_ !)÷!#Ü (÷!!Ü $%÷%^Ü !^÷@)Ü *)÷!))Ü

$= ;'gjn gkf -gjnk/f;L_ *÷!@Ü @)÷#)Ü $÷^Ü #$÷%@Ü ^^÷!))Ü

%= lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf $÷&Ü !#÷@!Ü @^÷$#Ü !*÷@(Ü ^!÷!))Ü

^= eLd]Zj/ gkf -bf]nvf_ !@÷@)Ü @)÷## Ü – @*÷$& Ü ^)÷!)) Ü

&= af]r uflj; -bf]nvf_ %÷!!Ü !$÷#@Ü @^÷%& Ü $%÷!)) Ü

*= rf}tf/f gkf -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ &÷!% Ü !^÷#$ Ü @$÷%!Ü $&÷!)) Ü

(= 7"nf] l;?jf/L -l;Gw'kfNrf]s_ #÷^Ü @(÷%*Ü – !*÷#^Ü %)÷!)) Ü

!)= lab"/ gkf -g'jfsf]6_ !#÷!( Ü @^÷#( Ü – @*÷$@ Ü ^&÷!)) Ü

!!= sljnf; uflj; -g'jfsf]6_ $÷!)Ü !^÷#*Ü !÷@Ü @!÷%)Ü $@÷!))Ü

!@= uf]/vf gu/kflnsf uf]/vf !(÷@! Ü #@÷#% Ü – $)÷$$ Ü (!÷!)) Ü

!#= b]p/fnL uflj; uf]/vf !@÷@%Ü !!÷@@Ü – @^÷%#Ü $(÷!))Ü

afne]nfdf afns / aflnsfsf] pkl:ylt a/fa/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . afn e]nf ;Grfng ljlw cg';f/ afns / aflnsfsf] cg'kft a/fa/ cfjZos kg]{ x'Fbf of] l:ylt b]lvPsf] xf] . ;dfhsf cGo kIfsf] t'ngf ubf{ :yfgLo ;dflhs 3gTj cg';f/ blnt, cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cEof; klg ;sf/fTds kfOG5 . t/ ljBfno lzIffaf6 jl~rt afn >ddf k/]sf tyf ckf+utf ePsf afnaflnsfx? eg] of] k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ePsf] kfOb}g .

#=% afn e]nf ;DkGg ug{ cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xof]u afn e]nf Ps pT;jsf ?kdf ;DkGg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cjnf]sg ul/Psf :yfgLo lgsfosf] afn e]nfdf /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿ tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnsf] pkl:ylt / rf;f] dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . s]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo kqsf/x¿n] klg ;dfrf/ ;+sng u/]sf lyP . afn e]nf ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;Dks{ JolQm, ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf] ;lqmotf ljz]if lyof] . s]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf lzIfs / cleefjs tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ /x\of] .


#=^ ;d:of–;jfn tyf of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] klxrfgafn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] d"ntM tLg j6f ljlwdfkm{t\ cfkm\gf ;/f]sf/ /fv]sf lyP .

klxnf] ljlw –cleJolQmd"ns lrqf+sgM of] ljlw ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoåf/f k|sflzt Úafn e]nf ;~rfng ug{' kbf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ s'/fx¿df… pNn]v eP adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ k|of]u ubf{ afn e]nf ;xhLs/0f ;|f]t k'l:tsf -ck|sflzt_ adf]lhd cEof; u/]sf lyP . afn e]nfdf cfPsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ k|efj kfg{] s'g} klg ;jfndf lrq agfpg, n]Vg jf aofg ug{ ;d"xnfO{ lhDdf lbOPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] Ps ;d"xaf6 sDtLdf % / a9Ldf !% j6f ;jfn / ;d:of lgsfn]sf lyP . x/]s ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/]/ afn e]nfsf clGtddf ;d"xut k|:'tlt ePsf] lyof] .

o; qmddf x/]s ;d"xnfO{ dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{, ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft tyf kl/sNkgfdfkm{t\ cfkm\gf ;d:of tyf ;jfnsf] klxrfg ug{ ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

bf];|f] ljlw z/L/ gSzf+sg M z/L/ gSzf+sg ljlwdf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ afn e]nf / afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] ;dLIff ug{ lhDdf lbOPsf] lyof] . z/L/ gS;f+sgdfkm{t 6fpsf], sfg, sfFw÷xft, d'6', k]6, uf]8f÷k}tfnf h:tf dfgj cfs[ltnfO{ lrq agfP/ 1fg, ;"rgf, lhDd]jf/L, efjgf÷;+j]u, :jf:Yo÷;+/If0f, / ultzLntf / v]ns'bsf kl/jlt{t 9fFrfx¿nfO{ ;dLIff ug{ nufOPsf] lyof] . of] ljlw k|of]u u/]/ afn Snasf] of]ubfg, ;dfhdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf ;DaGwdf afnaflnsfx¿sf] egfO{nfO{ ts{;+ut agfpg ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

t];|f] ljlw k|:t'lt / 5nkmn M afn e]nfsf qmddf k|of]u ePsf] lrqf+sg ljlwaf6 cfPsf dgkg]{, dg gkg]{, ;'/lIft / c;'/lIftsf] cEof;af6 cfPsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;fd"lxs ?kdf k|:t't ug{ nufOPsf] lyof] . o;/L k|:t't ePsf ;d:of dfly l6Kk0fL / k|ltl6Kk0fL ug]{ df}sf k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;n] lrqaf6 cfPsf ;jfn ;d:ofx¿sf] c:ki6tf / bf]xf]/f]kg x6]sf] lyof] .

k|:t'ltM afne]nfsf] lg0f{onfO{ k|:t't ub}{ lj/f6gu/sf afnsx?


rf}yf] ljlw ;jfnsf] k|fyldsLs/0fM dflysf ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u kl5 ;jfnx¿sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;df afn e]nfdf ;xefuL afnaflnsfx¿n] dtbfg u/]sf lyP . dtbfgsf nflu w]/} :yfgLo lgsfodf ;jfnx¿nfO{ leQfdf 6fF;]/ l6sf k|of]u u/]/ k|fyldlss/0f ug]{ pkfonfO{ k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] s]xL :yfgdf ;jfn n]lvPsf] 7"nf] sfuhdf rsn]6 /fv]/ dtbfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm k|lqmofaf6 ;jfn tyf ;d:ofsf] k|fyldlss/0f ePkl5 afn e]nfsf] lg0f{onfO{ dfOGo'6df ptfl/Psf] lyof] .

kf“rf} ljlwM k|yldsLs/0fdf k/]sf ;jfnnfO{ ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsfdf k|:t't ul/G5 / ;DalGwt ;efaf6 cg'df]bg ul/;s]kl5 of]hgf tyf ah]6 to ul/G5 .

#=& afn e]nfsf r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgx¿ afn e]nfdfkm{t\ of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ k/Dk/f ev{/} ;'? ePsf] of]hgf 5gf}6sf] k|lqmof xf] . afn e]nfnfO{ ;fy{s ?kdf ;DkGg ug{ o;sf gLltut, sfo{ut / Joaxf/ut lgDg cg';f/ ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .

afn Snasf] Joj:yfkgdf b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx¿ n afn Sna u7gdf afnaflnsfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutfnfO{ Wofg lbP

a8L Doflkª M bfªsf] 3f]/fxLsf] afne]nfdf z/L/ gS;f+sg ul/“b} .


tfklg cGo :yfgLo:t/sf] ;fdflhs pkl:ylt -blnt, cflbjf;L–hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd / cGo hfltx¿_ sf] ;dfg ;xeflutfnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] kfOGg .

n w]/} :yfgLo txdf u7g ePsf afn Snax¿sf] gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] kfOPg .

n afn Snasf] g]t[Tj 5fGg] k|lqmofdf klg sIff sf]7fsf] z}lIfs >]i7tfnfO{ Vofn u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] ubf{ k9fO{ /fd|f] ePsf cyjf kfl/jfl/s ?kdf /fd|f] z}lIfs jftfj/0f kfPsf afns jf aflnsf g} afn Snasf] g]t[Tjdf k'U5g\ . of] k|lqmofdf klg lk5l8Psf jf ljkGg ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfsf] g]t[Tjdf k'Ug] cfsf+Iff w'ldn aGg hfG5 .

n w]/} afn Snasf] g]t[Tj ( jf !) sIff k9\g] laBfyL{n] ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] . h:n] ubf{ g]t[Tj x:tfGt/0fdf ;d:of kg]{ b]lvG5 .

n s]xL ckjfbnfO{ 5f]8]/ eGg] xf] eg] afn Snasf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ lgoldt cled'vLs/0fsf] cefj b]lvG5 . afn Snaaf6 ug{ ;lsg] ;sf/fTds sfo{x¿ cled'vLs/0fsf] cefjdf /f]lsPsf 5g\ .

n ljBfno:t/Lo afn Snax¿ ljBfnos} lzIfsk|lt pQ/bfoL 5g\, t/ ;d'bfosf afn Snax¿ cleefjsTj k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . sltko afn Snasf kbflwsf/Lx¿ ljBfno / ;d'bfosf afn Snasf] bf]xf]/f] e"ldsfdf 5g\ .

n afn Snax¿ :yfgLo txdf / vf;u/]/ j8f sfof{nodf ;"lrs[t x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf ePklg o;sf] lgoldttf x'g;s]sf] 5}g .

#=* afn e]nf ;~rfngdf ;d:of afn e]nf of]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ dfWod / afnaflnsfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu cj;/ klg xf] . t/ afn e]nf ;~rfngdf Ps?ktf tyf ;dGjosf] cefj tyf ljleGg gLltut sdLx¿ klg b]lvPsf 5g\ . vf; u/]/ afn e]nfsf] cf}lrTosf ;DaGwdf tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿ cglj1 /x]sf b]lvG5g\ .

n afn e]nf Ps lbgdf ;DkGg ug{' kg]{ gLltut Joa:yf 5 . t/ afn e]nfsf hltklg k|lqmof 5g\ tL k'/f ug{ ;Dej gx'g] cj:yf 5 . xtf/ xtf/ afn e]nf ;DkGg ubf{ afn e]nfsf] d"n p2]Zo cf]em]n kg]{ b]lvG5 .

n s]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf afn e]nfsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf gfddf /fhgLlgs bnsf g]tfx¿nfO{ nfdf] dGtJo /fVg] ;do lbP/ ;dosf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] klg ;dosf] kfjGbLnfO{ a9fjf lbG5 .

n afn e]nf ;~rfngsf nflu k|lzlIft ;xhstf{sf] cefj b]lvG5 . afn e]nf ;~rfngsf qmddf dg kg]{, dg gkg]{ ljifosf] lrqdfkm{t\ lsg efjgf JoQm ug{'kg]{ xf], lsg l/:s -hf]lvd_ Doflkª ug{'k/]sf] xf] nufotsf laifodf km/s km/s ;xhstf{n] km/s km/s JofVof ul/lbFbf afnaflnsfx¿ cndndf kg]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;df Ps?ktf

k|fyldsLs/0f M afne]nfdf of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Fb} .


Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

n afnaflnsfn] lrqdfkm{t\ JoQm u/]sf efjgfnfO{ ;jfn, ;d:of tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;d:of k/]sf] b]lvG5 . s]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf ;jfn, ;d:of, dfu tyf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ Ps} dfg]/ k|fyldlss/0f -dtbfg_ u/fOPsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] s]xL :yfgdf ;jfndf dfq dtbfg ug]{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . st}–st} eg] ;jfn, ;d:ofsf cfwf/df of]hgf / sfo{qmddf a|]s 8fpg u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;n] jf:tljs ;d:ofsf] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;d:of kg]{ b]lvG5 .

n s]xL :yfgLo lgsfodf afnaflnsfn] lrqdfkm{t\ JoQm u/]sf] efjgf ljkl/t tTsfn ;fdflhs kl/rfnsn] gofF kl/of]hgfsf] ;"rL -h;nfO{ Shoping list klg elgG5 _ NofP/ To;sf cfwf/df k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o:tf] ;"rLn] afn e]nfsf] cf}lrTodfly k|ZglrGx nufPsf] 5 .

n afnaflnsfx¿n] JoQm u/]sf efjgf tyf ljrf/x¿ slxn]sfxLF a[xb\ / ;fdYo{aflx/sf x'g] ub{5g\ . h:sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;+efjgf sd x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf of]hgf s6f}tL ubf{ pgLx¿sf] dgdf 7]; k'Ug hfg] b]lvG5 .

n afne]nf ePsf] :yfgdf st} z/L/ gS;f+sg ul/g] u/]sf] / st} gS;f+sg gu/]sf] x'Fbf of] lqmofsnfk P]lR5s of afWotf xf] k|:6 kfg{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

#=( afne]nfnfO{ kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg s]xL ;'emfax¿ n :yfgLo txdf of]hgf 5gf]6 ug{ cfof]hgf ul/g] afne]nfsf af/] :ki6 gLltut Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 . :yfgLo txsf]

of]hgf tyf ah]6 th{'df lbUbz{gdf g} afne]nfsf] ;do tyf k|lqmof ;dfj]z ug{'kb{5 .

n gofF ;Gbe{df :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ;ldltdf afnaflnsfsf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg'kb{5 .

n afne]nf cfof]hgf x'g'k"j{ g} afn ;d"x -Sna_ :yfgLo j8f sfof{no jf ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf tf]lsPsf] ljlw / k|lqmofdf ;"rLs[t tyf ;"rLs[t ePsf eP gjLs/0f ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf cfof]hgf ug{'cufl8 g} afn Snax¿sf] u7g, k'gu{7g ug'{kb{5 .

n :yfgLo txdf /x]sf j8f afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt, ufpF÷gu/ afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt, :yfgLo afnd}qL zf;g ;ldlt, :yfgLo dfgj a]rlavg lgoGq0f ;ldlt, ufpF÷gu/ lzIff ;ldlt / :yfgLo ljkb\ Joj:yfkg tyf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;ldlt, ufpF÷gu/ :jf:Yo ;ldlt / :yfgLo vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldlth:tf afnaflnsf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljleGg ;ldltl;t ;dGjo ul/g'kb{5 .

n ljBfno:t/Lo afn Snasf nflu ljBfno;Fu ;dGjo /fv]/ cj:yf cBfjlws ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf cfof]hgf ug{ klxnf ufpF jf gu/kflnsfaf6 ljifout l;lnª, dfu{bz{g / of]hgf th{'dfsf] df]8fln6L k|fKt ug{'kb{5 . :yfgLo txsf] sfo{kflnsfn] klg afne]nf x'g'cufj} oL dfu{bz{g kfl/t ug{'kb{5 .

n :yfgLo txn] afnd}qL zf;g cjnDag ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] jf cjnDag ul//x]sf] jf afnd}qL zf;g 3f]if0ff u/]sf] eP To;sf nflu lg/Gt/tfsf] k|lta4tf eP–gePsf] Plsg u/]kl5 dfq afne]nf cfof]hgf ug{' >]o:s/ x'G5 .

n :yfgLo txn] k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/ agfPsf] eP To;nfO{ b[li6ut ul/g'kb{5 .


n :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf 5gf]6sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ul/g] afne]nf :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf 5gf]6sf] sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ x'g'kb{5 .

n a:tL tyf 6f]n:t/Lo of]hgf 5gf]6 / j8f:t/Lo tyf ufpF / gu/:t/Lo afne]nf ul/g] ePsfn] of]hgf 5gf]6sf] ;dofjlwleq afne]nf ug{'kb{5 . a:tL tyf 6f]n:t/df h]7 ! b]lv h]7 !% leq / j8f jf ufpFgu/:t/Lo afne]nf h]7 !% b]lv @% leqdf ul/g'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ljBfno labfsf] lbg cfof]hgf ul/g'kb{5 . ;fdfGotof zlgaf/ afne]nf ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 .

n afne]nfsf nflu ;fdfGotof Ps lbg ;do 5'6\ofpg'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ul/g] :yfg ;a} ;xefuLsf] kfos kg]{ :yfgdf ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ;efxn, ljBfnosf] 7"nf] sIff–sf]7fdf ug{ ;lsg] eP klg ;xefuL ;+Vofsf cfwf/df v'nf, xfjf rNg], cfjthfjt ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ul/g] :yfgdf afnd}qL kmlg{r/ x'g'kb{5 . e'OFdf sfk]{6 la5\ofOPsf] xn pko'Qm x'G5 .

n afne]nf ug]{ xndf 5fq jf 5fqfsf] a]Unfa]Un} ;f}rfno x'g'kb{5 .

n afne]nf x'g] :yfgdf lkpg]kfgL, vfhf tyf vfgfsf] k|aGw ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf x'g] :yfg ;'/lIft / afnd}qL jftfj/0fdf x'g'kb{5 .

n afne]nfdf gu/kflnsf jf j8f sfof{noaf6 a]Un} dfkb08 tf]lsP ;f]adf]lhd ;a} ;]jfIf]q leqaf6 ;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf x'g'eGbf !% lbgcufj} ;xefuLsf] gfd / ;Dks{ 7]ufgf tof/ u/L pgLx¿nfO{ afne]nfsf af/] ;"rgf, hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgf k|bfg ug{'kb{5 . ;"rgfdf afne]nfsf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg, afne]nf lsg / s]sf nflu x'g uO/x]sf] / pgLx¿sf] ToxfF s] e"ldsf /xG5 < To;sf nflu nfUg] ;dosf af/]df k"j{;"rgf lbg'kb{5 .

n afne]nfdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu oftfoft, vfgf tyf pknAw x'g] ;]jf–;'ljwf .

n afne]nf k"j{ g} afne]nfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tflndk|fKt ;xhstf{ / :jo+;]jssf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ;~rfng ug{ ljleGg ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug{'kb{5 .

n afne]nf ug{ nfUg] /sdsf] Joj:yf ePdfq sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug{'k5{ .

n afne]nf ;~rfng k|lqmof afnd}qL Joxf/sf ;fy ;a} cf}hf/sf] k|of]u u/]/ ug{'kb{5 .


v08 $

afn e]nf cfof]hgf ug{'sf] d'Vo p2]Zo afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt;/f]sf/nfO{ phfu/ ug{' xf] . cjnf]sg ul/Psf :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿dfafn e]nfdfkm{t\ laleGg ;d:of, ;jfn / of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdk|ltafnaflnsfn] ;/f]sf/ JoQm ePsf 5g\ . afn e]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf:yfgsf afnaflnsfx¿n] cleJolQmd"ns lrqf+sg k4lt (Expresssive

Drawing Tools) af6 af6 af6 ;/f]sf/x¿ cleJoQm ePsf lyP . tL lrqx¿nfO{:yfgLo lgsfosf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g kmf]sn k;{g, ;fdflhskl/rfns tyf cGo ;xhstf{x¿n] :t/Ls/0f u/L ;jfn / ;d:ofsf?kdf klxrfg u/]sf lyP . tL ;/f]sf/nfO{ -s_ afnaflnsfsf ;femf;/f]sf/ -v_ e"sDk kLl8t If]qdf k'gldf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ / -u_aflnsfx¿sf] ;/f]sf/sf ?kdf laefhg u/L laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

$=!= afnaflnsfsf ;femf ;/f]sf/x¿afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift OsfO, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDagul//x]sf :yfgLo :yfgLo :yfgLo OsfOx¿df afnaflnsfsf s]xL ;femf ;/f]sf/x¿b]xfo adf]lhd lyP .

$=!=! afn ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/x¿ afnaflnsfx¿n] afn ljsf;sf ;jfnnfO{ klxnf] k|fyfldstfdf /fv]sf5g\ . afn e]nfsf qmddf lrqf+sg ljlwaf6 dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{, ;'/lIft/ c;'/lIft :yfgsf] klxrfg / kl/sNkgf k|:t't ub}{ pgLx¿n] afnd}qLljBfno, ljBfnodf 5fq5fqfsf nflu a]Unf a]Un} zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf,cleefjs tyf lzIfsx¿åf/f afnd}qL Jojxf/sf] ck]Iff /fv]sf lyP .o;/L g} afns / aflnsfdf lje]bsf] k|;+u klg pgLx¿n] p7fPsf lyP .;'/lIft / c;'/lIft ljlw k|of]u ub}{ ;'/lIft ljBfno lgdf{0f ug{ klg

afn e]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf :yfgsf afnaflnsfx¿n] cleJolQmd"ns lrqf+sg k4lt (Expresssive Drawing Tools) af6 ;/f]sf/x¿ cleJoQm u/]sf lyP .

afnaflnsfsf k|d'v ;/f]sf/x¿


afnaflnsfn] ;'emfPsf lyP . vf; u/]/ e"sDk kLl8t If]qdf ;'/lIft ljBfnosf] k|d'v dfu lyof] . afn e]nf dfkm{t\ p7fOPsf afn lasf;sf If]qdf afnaflnsfsf ;femf ;/f]sf/ o; k|sf/ lyP .

-s_ afnd}qL ljBfnoM t]x| :yfgLo OsfOdf ;DkGg afn e]nfsf qmddf ;a} :yfgsf afnaflnsfn] ljBfnonfO{ afnd}qL agfpg rfx]sf lyP . afnaflnsfsf] clwsf+z ;do ljBfnodf laTg] ePsfn] klg afnd}qL ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ffn] k|fyfldstf kfPsf] a'em\g ;lsG5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno, lzIff laefuaf6 k|sflzt …u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu afnd}qL ljBfno;DaGwL /fli6«o k|f?kÚ cg';f/ afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;GwLn] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] afnaflnsfsf] lzIff kfpg] clwsf/sf Go"gtd zt{ k'/f u/]sf ljBfnonfO{ afnd}qL eGg ;lsG5 .!* lzIff laefusf] ;f] b:tfj]hcg';f/ afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] ult / Ifdtfcg';f/ l;Sg] jftfj/0f ePsf ljBfno g} afnd}qL ljBfno xf] . o:tf ljBfnodf afnaflnsf cg's"n l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ul/Psf] x'G5!( eg] afnaflnsfx¿sf] cGt/lglxt Ifdtfsf] ljsf;df ;d]t hf]8 lbOG5 . afnd}qL ljBfnodf ;a} afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;sf nflu lagf s'g} e]befj u'0f:t/Lo lzIff kfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf l:jsf/]sf] x'G5 . afnd}qL ljBfnosf nflu lzIff dGqfnon] -!_ k|efjsfl/tf, -@_ ;dfj]zLs/0f -#_ lzIffdf n}+lus kIf -$_ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf -%_ :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff / arfj6 -^_ k"jf{wf/ -&_ lzIf0f l;sfO -*_ dft[efiff lzIf0f l;sfO / -(M_ ljBfno Joj:yfkg;DaGwL Go"gtd dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf ljBfnonfO{ afnd}qL dfGg] k|f?k tof/ u/]sf] 5 .@) t/ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjog sfo{ljlwn] afnd}qL ljBfnosf nflu s]xL ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] cfjZostf, afnd}qL Joaxf/, ;xeflutfsf] kIfnfO{ dxTj lbg] ub{5 .

afnaflnsfx¿n] afnd}qL ljBfnonfO{ hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] dg kg]{ s''/fdf afnd}qL ljBfnosf] lrq agfpFb} v]Ng] d}bfg ePsf], lkpg] kfgL;lxtsf] afnd}qL wf/f ePsf], afns / aflnsfsf] a]Unf–a]Un} zf}rfno ePsf], lzIfsn] n7\7L k|of]u gu/]sf], ljBfno hfg] af6f]÷;8s ;'/lIft ePsf] x'g' kg]{ s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf] glhsdf ljBfno x'g' kg]{ s'/f klg p7fPsf 5g\ .

ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ afnd}qL x'g'kg]{df clwsf+zsf] dfu 5 . afnaflnsf a:g] a]Grx¿ afnaflnsfsf] prfOcg';f/ x'g'kg]{, l;8Lx¿ xf]rf] x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ .

ljBfno lzIff afnd}qLxfd|f ljBfnodf /fd|f] k9fO x'Fb}g . lgoldt k9fO x'g] /

xfdLn] a'em\g] lzIff rflxPsf] 5 .— uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsf

•••

afnd}qL jftfj/0f rflxG5 . b08/lxt lzIff nfu" xf];\ . — df]/ª, lj/f6gu/sf !@—!* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

•••

xfdL afnd}qL ljBfno rfxG5f}+ .— g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx?

•••

!*= Ministry Of Education -2016) A study of Child Friendly School in Nepal .!*= g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno, -@)^&_, eod'Qm l;sfO{ jftj/0fsf nflu gLltut Joa:yf . @)= g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno, …u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu afnd}qL laBfno ;DaGwL /fli6«o k|f?kÚ


ljBfnosf] b'/L xfd|f ljBfno 3/b]lv w]/} 6f9f eP, ljBfno cfpFbf hfFbf g} ;do w]/} laT5 .

a}t8L l;4]Zj/sf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?sf] ;femf cfjfh . •••

xfd|f ljBfno 3/af6 6f9f 5g\, :s'naf6 kms{bf /ft k5{ .

— g'jfsf]6 ljb"/sf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx? •••

ljBfno;Fu}sf] ;8s kf/ ug}{ d'l:sn 5, h]a|f qml;+u 5}g .

— ;'gjnsf !@–!* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

b08/lxt lzIff xfdLnfO{ ;/x¿n] lk6\g'x'G5, lk6fO{ lbPsf] dg kb}{g .

— lab"/ g'jfsf]6sf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?•••

xf]djs{sf] af]em 5, xf]d js{ eGbf c? s]xL ug{ g} kfOb}g .

— l;Gw'kfNrf]s, gjnk'/sf *—!! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?•••

;/x?sf] n7\7L / h'Fuf b]v]/ xfdL ;w} 8/fpF5f}+ .— bf]nvf led]Zj/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx?

ljBfnodf zf}rfno

ljBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfsf] cnucnu zf}rfno 5}g . lab"/ g'jfsf]6sf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"xsf # j6} ;d"x

•••

ljBfnodf 5fq–5fqfsf] cnu zf}rfno gx'Fbf xfdLnfO{ ;d:of k/]sf] 5 .

— bfª, 3f]/fxLsf ;a} ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?•••

5'§} 5fqf zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . — bf]nvf, af]Njfsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsf aflnsfx?


v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hgxfd|f ljBfnodf v]ns'b ;fdu|Lsf] cefj 5, xfdL v]Ng}

kfpFb}gf}+ . ljb"/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf] aflnsfx¿

•••

xfd|f] :s'ndf v]n d}bfg 5}g, v]Ng kfpg'k¥of] . — k;f{ a]Nafsf * b]lv !@ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?

•••

ljBfnodf dgf]/~hgsf lqmofsnfk lgoldt xf];\ . — uf]vf{ gu/kflnsfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?

$=!=@= cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfsf] dfuafn e]nfsf qmddf !# :yfgsf afnalnsfn] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfdf hf]8 lbPsf lyP . afn ;xeflutf afn clwsf/ / afnaflnsfsf] ;+a}wflgs clwsf/ klg xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] afn ;xeflutfnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] df}lns xssf ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f # df …k|To]s

afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljsf; tyf afn ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]Ú Joa:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/L ;s]sf] afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL !(*(n] afn ;xeflutfnfO{ afn clwsf/sf] Ps vDafsf ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . afn clwsf/ dxf;GwLsf] wf/f -$_n] afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, wf/f !@ n] afnaflnsfsf] larf/sf] ;Ddfg, wf/f -!#_ n] cleJolQm :jtGqtf, wf/f -!$_ n] ljrf/ tyf wd{sf] :jtGqtf, wf/f -!%_ n] ;+ul7t x'g] :jtGqtf, wf/f -!^_ n] uf]klgotfsf] xs / wf/f -!&_ n] ;"rgfsf] kx'Frsf] xsnfO{ k|a4{g ub{5 . afnaflnsf;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] laifo jf ljsf; k|lqmofdf pd]/ / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ;xeflutf x'g] xsnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub{5 . of] Joa:yfnfO{ sfo{?k lbg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L ePsf] afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)^* / afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw–@)^* n] :ki6 ?kdf cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfsf If]qx¿ ls6fg u/L sfo{Gjog ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

afnaflnsfx¿n] afn ;xeflutfnfO{ clwsf/df cfwfl/t x'g' kg]{ lhls/ u/]sf 5g\ . afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL !(*( sf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf

cy{k"0f{ afn;xeflutf

xfd|f k|ltlglw ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf x'g'kb{5 .

—bf]nvf af]rsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsf afns / aflnsf•••

:j:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf xfdLnfO{ /fVg'kb{5 .

— uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsf afnsx?•••

gu/;efdf xfdLn] efu lng kfpg'k5{ .

—j}t8L l;4]Zj/sf !@–!* jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf aflnsfx?


pgLx¿sf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g' kg]{ s'/f pgLx¿sf] cleJolQmdf klg cfPsf] 5 . of] g}lts / kf/bzL{, l;h{gfTds lqmofsnfk ePsfn] cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfaf6 afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ k|Tofe"t x'g'kb{5 eGg]df pgLx¿sf] :ki6 cfjfh lyof] . afn ;xeflutfdf pd]/, Ifdtf tyf kl/kSjtfsf] ;LdfnfO{ Vofn u/]/ pknJwLd"ns kl/0ffd lbg]tkm{ x'g kg]{ / of] lg/Gt/ k|lqmof ePsfn] cGtlxg cEof; x'g' kg]{ afnaflnsfsf] dfu lyof] .

g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] laifo /fHosf gLltx¿df lj=;+= @)!# sf] klxnf] cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ePsf] lyof] . @)@) df g]kfn afn ;+u7gsf] :yfkgfn] afn ;+/If0fdf laz]if of]ubfg lbof] . la=;+= @)$* df afnaflnsf P]g ag]kl5 of] k|of; 3lge"t ePsf] dfGg'kb{5 . xfn sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] !$cf}F of]hgfn] afn ;xeflutfnfO{ :ki6tfsf ;fy nIodf /fv]sf]

6f]n6f]ndf afne]nfa f n a f l ns fs f ] c f j f h n f O { ;d'bfoaf6 ;+sng u/L gu/ ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0fdf a f n a f l ns fs f ] ;xeflutf clea[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon]

j:tL:t/Lo afn e]nf cfof]hgf bfª lhNnfsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfdf cEof; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . tTsfnLg ;+/rgfdf j8f txaf6 g} afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfaf6 of]hgf 5fGg] k|lqmof;Fu} gofF ;+/rgfdf j:tL t8f 6f]n:t/Lo afne]nf ePkl5 afnaflnsfx¿ yk ;';"lrt ePsf] / of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/ klg a9]sf] 5 .

—;fef/M afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g dL/]i6 n]vdfnf

afn ;xeflutf–afnclwsf/

wf/f !@-!_ cfkm\gf] wf/0ff agfpg ;Ifd ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm";Fu ;Da4 ljifodf :jtGq ?kn] cfkm\gf] ljrf/

JoQm ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /fHokIfx¿n] ug'{ kb{5 . afnaflnsfsf To:tf ljrf/nfO{ pgLx¿sf] pd]/ / kl/kSjtfcg';f/ plrt dfGotf lbOg]5 .

-@_ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu afnaflnsfnfO{ c;/ ug]{ s'g} klg Goflos Jff k|zf;lgs sfd sf/afxLdf ;DalGwt /fli6«o sfg"gsf k|fjwfgadf]lhd k|ToIf ?kdf Jff k|ltgLlwåf/f Jff s'g} pko'Qm lgsfoåf/f ljz]iftM ;'g'JffO x'g] cj;/ k|bfg ul/g]5 .

wf/f !% -!_ /fHokIfx¿n] afnaflnsfsf] ;Ë7g;DaGwL :jtGqtf / zflGtk'0f{ e]nf x'g] :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf

lbG5g\ .

-@_ oL clwsf/x¿sf] k|of]udf sfg"gcg's"n tyf /fli6«o ;'/Iff Jff hg;'/Iff, ;fj{hlgs Joj:yf, hg:jf:Yo Pj+ g}ltstfsf] ;+/If0f Jff csf{sf] clwsf/ tyf :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|hftflGqs ;dfhdf cfjZos kg]{ AfGb]hafx]s cGo s'g} klg aGb]h nufOg] 5}g .

-;+o'Qm /fi6«;+Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*(_

dfdnf cWoogM $=!


5 .@! xfn b]ze/L @@ xhf/ $%& afn Snax¿ cy{k"0f{ afn ;xeflutfsf nflu ;lqmo 5g\ .@@ oL afn Snax¿df $ nfv #! xhf/ ( ;o ^) hgf afnaflnsf cfa4 5g\ . afn Snasf k|ltlglwx¿ :yfgLo txsf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf cy{k"0f{ 9+un] ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . afn Snasf k|ltlglwx¿ ;d'bfo:t/df j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|d~rdf ;xefuL x'G5g\ eg] w]/} ljBfnosf laBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt / :jf:Yo Joa:yfkg ;ldltdf cfdGqLt ;b:osf ?kdf efu lnG5g\ .

o;} u/L j8f gful/s d~rdf ;xefuL eP/ j8f e]nfdf cfkm\gf] wf/0ff / larf/ /fV5g\ .@# tTsfnLg uflj; / gu/kflnsf :t/df PsLs[t of]hgf th{'df ;ldltdf klg ;xeflu u/fOg] sfo{ljlw nfu" ePsf] 5 . o;/L afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfkl5 :yfgLo txdf dxTjk"0f{ ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ePsf] cg';Gwfgx¿n] b]vfPsf] 5 .@$ afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfaf6 b]ze/ :yfgLo txnfO{ afnd}qL agfpg] cleofg hf/L 5 . o;/L afn ;xeflutf / afnd}qL cleofgsf sf/0f bLuf] lasf; nIo (Sustanable Devlopment Goals, SDGs) sf w]/} nIo xfl;n ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] laZn]if0f u/]sf] 5 .

;"rgf rflxof] :yfgLo txsf] lg0f{o k|lqmofaf/] xfdLnfO{

yfxf lbg'k5{ — k;f{ a]Njf uflj;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

afnaflnsfnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6 xfd|f] ljBfnosf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf /flvof];\ .

— bf]nvf af]rsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?•••

j8f e]nf labfsf] lbgdf dfq /flvof];\ .— bfª 3f]/fxLsf !@–!* ;d"xsf afnsx?

afn Snadf cj/f]w afn e]nf nufot Snax¿df aflnsfx¿nfO{ ;lhnf];Fu

cfj4 x'g / ;lqmo x'g lbFb}gg\ . g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf aflnsfx¿

•••

afn Snadf nfu]/ s] kfO;\ eg]/ xfdLnfO{ -aflnsf_ ufnL u5|{g\ .

— j}t8L l;4]Zj/sf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsL aflnsfx? •••

afn Snasf] ;b:o ag]/ k9fO lauf/]sf] eGb} xfdLnfO{ ufnL u5{g\ .

— g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx¿

@!= /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -@)&#_, rf}wf} of]hgf -cfly{s aif{ @)&#÷&$ –@)&%÷&^_@@= g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfno -@)&@_, cfly{s ;a]{If0f, @)&@–&# . @@= afn ;xelutfdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx?sf] ;femf ;d"x -sG;f]{6Lod_ @)!), afn ;xeflutf k|a4{gsf nflu ljBdfg sfg"gL Pad\ gLltut Joa:yf / ;/sf/sf sfo{qmd .@$= MIREST Nepal Treggering Facter


$=!= #= afn ;+/If0fdf afn e]nfsf] rf;f] ;a} :yfgsf -!# :yfgLo OsfO_ afnaflnsfx¿n] afn ;+/If0fdf uDeL/ rf;f] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . afn e]nfsf qmddf * b]lv !! aif{ ;d"x / !@ b]lv !* jif{ ;d"xsf afns / aflnsfx¿n] cfkm"x¿nfO{ dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{ tyf ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft zLif{scGtu{t lrq agfpb} ;dfhdf eO{/x]sf] n}+lus e]befj, aflnsf dfly eO/x]sf] b'Jo{jxf/, lje]b tyf lx+;fsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft :yfg klxrfg ug]{ qmddf ;dfhdf, af6f]df / ahf/df c;'/lIft /x]sf] efj JoQm u/]sf lyP .

afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;+j]ufTds, ;fdflhs, g}lts tyf af}l4s ljsf;df uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf sfo{ jf Jojxf/af6 pgLx¿nfO{ hf]ufpg' g} afn ;+/If0f xf] . csf]{ zAbdf, afnaflnsfdfly x'g] ;a} vfnsf xflgx¿af6 pgLx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ afn ;+/If0f xf] . afnaflnsfdfly x'g ;Sg] xflg cGtu{t– != e]befj, @= b'Jo{jxf/, #= oftgf jf lx+;f, $= of}g zf]if0f, %= a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/, ^= k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof;x¿, &= a]jf:tf÷pk]Iff jf x]nr]qmofOF, *= ckx/0f, / (= cfly{s zf]if0f÷afn>d zf]if0f kb{5g\ . afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] o;sf] rsf]{ lj/f]w u/] eg] of}g b'Joaxf/, 3/]n' lx+;f, a]r lavg, afn >dsf] klg cfnf]rgf u/] . o; qmddf s'nt tyf nfu" kbfy{ b'Jo{;g;DaGwL pgLx¿n] rf;f] JoQm u/] .

afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL !(*( sf] wf/f -$_ df afn clwsf/ ;+/If0fnfO{ afn clwsf/sf] cleGg c+u dflgPsf] 5 . wf/ -%_ df cfdf afa'af6 :ofxf/, wf/f -& / *_ df hGd btf{, gfd / /fli6«otf, wf/f -(_ df cleefjsaf6 cnUofpg gx'g], wf/f -!)_ df kfl/jfl/s k'gld{ng, wf/f -!^_ df uf]klgotfsf] xssf] ;+/If0f, wf/f -!(_ df ;a} lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f, wf/f -@)_ df kfl/jfl/s :oxf/sf] jftfj/0f gePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if jf a}slNks :ofxf/ kfpg] clwsf/ /x]sf] 5 . o;} u/L wf/f -@!_ df wd{ ;Gtfg, wf/f -@@_ df z/0ffyL{ afnaflnsf, wf/f -#@_df afn >d, wf/f -##_ df nfu" cf}ifw b'Jo{;g, wf/f -#$_ df of}g zf]if0f, wf/f -#%_ df ckx/0f / a]rlavg, wf/f -#&_ df y'gf / ;hfo, wf/f -#*_ df o'4 / ;z:q åGå, wf/f -#(_ df kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] k'g:yfkgf, wf/f -$)_ df afn Gofonufotsf s'/fx? pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cled'vLs/0f M a}t8L lhNnfsf] kf6g gu/kflnsfl:yt tTsfnLg l;2]Zj/ uflj;df afne]nf ;'? x'g' cufl8 cled'vLs/0f lbOFb} .


-s_ afn ljjfx lgif]w ug{ dfu g]kfndf sfg"gtM afn ljjfx b08gLo sfo{ xf] . d'n'sL P]gdf ljjfxsf] nflu sfg"gL pd]/ @) aif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] afn ljjfxnfO{ afnclwsf/ xgg\sf] laifosf] ?kdf pNn]v u/L b08gLo ck/fw dfg]sf] 5 .@% t}klg afn ljjfx pRr /x]sf d'n'sx¿ dWo] g]kfn cu|k+lQmdf kb{5 .@^ afnssf] t'ngfdf ;+VofTds ?kdf a9L aflnsfsf] ljjfx !* jif{ gk'Ub} x'g] u/]sf] cWoogaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 .@& afn ljjfxn] afn clwsf/nufot w]/} clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ub}{ pgLx¿sf] hLjgrqmdf clwsf/ pNn3gsf] >+[vnf ;[hgf u/L yk lx+;fsf] s'rqmdf kg]{ cj:yf /xG5 .

g]kfndf @) b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf $! k|ltzt dlxnfx¿sf] ljjfx !* jif{ k'Ug' cufj} x'g] u/]sf] 5 .@* csf]{tkm{ oxL pd]/ ;d"xsf !! k|ltzt dfq k'?ifx¿sf] ljjfx !* jif{ eGbf sd pd]/df x'g] u/]sf] 5 .@( zx/L If]qsf] t'ngfdf u|fdL0f If]qsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;fdfGotof sd pd]/df ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .#) /fi6«;+3Lo hg;+Vof sf]ifsfcg';f/ u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]jf; ug]{dWo] $# k|ltzt / zx/df a:g] dWo] @& k|ltzt dlxnfn] !* jif{ gk'Ub} lax] u5{g\ .#! clzIff / sd cfo;|f]t ePsf kl/jf/sf aflnsfx¿sf] afn ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;LdfGtLs[t / cNk;+Vos ;d"xx¿ h:t} blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt / d'l:nd ;d'bfodf cGo ;d'bfosf] t'ngfdf of] b/ pRr /x]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0f afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] afn ljjfx lgif]w ug{ dfu u/]sf x'g\ .

afn ljjfxsf] la/f]w bfOhf]sf] nf]edf afn ljjfx gu/f}, k;f{ a]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

5/l5d]sdf ;fg}df ljjfx u/]/ k9fpg] rng 5 . xfdLdWo] sltnfO{ o:tf] k|:tfj cfO;Sof] . o:tf]

rng geP slt hftL x'g] lyof] .— lab"/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

dfuL ljjfx eGbf efuL ljjfxn] ubf{ ;fyLx? :s"n 5f8\b}5g\ .

— bf]nvf af]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

-v_ afn >d /f]sf} afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfn] afn >dsf] rsf]{ la/f]w u/] . g]kfndf afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ sfd nufpg sfg"gn] lgif]w u/]sf] 5 .## o; cGtu{t !^ aif{ gk'uL s'g} kfl/>lds k|fKt ug]{ sfd ug{ ;lsGg . g]kfndf em08} $) k|ltzt afnaflnsf /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg 5g\ .#$ g]kfn ;/sf/ s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefu / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gaf6 k|sflzt g]fkn afn >d k|lta]bgcg';f/ !^ nfv afnaflnsf afn >dsf] ;d"xdf kb{5g\ .#% h;sf] kl/0ffd lzIffdf cj/f]w kg]{, :jf:Yo jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, efjgfTds, g}lts jf ;fdflhs ljsf;df xfgL k'Ug] pRr ;+efjgf /xG5 . oxL tYosf] s]Gb|laGb'df afn e]nfn] afn >dnfO{ lgif]w ug{ laz]if sfo{qmdsf] dfu u/]sf x'g\ .

@%= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( sf] pkwf/f -%_ n] s'g}klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljjfx, u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg gkfOg] u/L afnaflnsfsf] xssf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .@^= g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno -@)&@_, afn ljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@ . @&= g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno -@)&@_, afn ljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@@*= g]kfn hg;f+lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f, @)!! (NDHS, 2011)@(= UNICEF, 2014. Estimated number of girls 10-19 at risk of being married as children. Calculation based on national census data. #)= Government of Nepal, Nepal Adolescent and Youth Survey (NAYS), 2012.#!= UNFPA, 2012. Marrying Too Young: End Child Marriage, p. 25.#@= Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 2011.##= afn>d -lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{_ P]g, @)%^ . #$= g]kfn afn >d k|lta]bg, @)!@ . #%= o'lg;]kmsf] ljZjsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] cj:yf, ;g\ @)!% cg';f/ -cu:6 @)!$ ;Dd pknAw tYof+ssf cfwf/df_ g]kfnsf % b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ##=( k|ltzt afn >ddf

;+nUg lyP, !) k|ltzt aflnsfx¿sf] !% jif{sf] pd]/leq} ljjfx eO;s]sf] x'GYof] / $! k|ltzt aflnsfx¿sf] !* jif{sf] pd]/ leq} ljjfx e};s]sf] x'GYof] . s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt ;g\ @)!$ cg';f/ ;g\ @)!# df k|x/Ldf afnaflnsflj?4 anfTsf/ / cGo k|sf/sf of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf %*& j6f / a]rlavg÷cf];f/k;f/sf ^^ j6f 36gf btf{ ePsf lyP . o:tf w]/} 36gfx¿sf] ph'/L g} gx'g] klg u/]sf 5g\ .


afn >d lgif]w u/f}

xfdL ;Fu}sf ;fyLx¿ sf]xL uf8Ldf / sf]xL xf]6ndf ef8f dflem/xFbf xfdLnfO{ g/fd|f] nfU5

lab'/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx¿ •••

xfd|f ;fyLx¿ afn>df 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ xfdL ljBfno Nofpg rfxG5f}

— k;f{ a]Njfsf * b]lv !! pd]/;d"xsf aflnsfx? •••

-u_ cGo afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] s'nt, w'|d|kfg, kfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg h:tf ljifon] cfkm\gf] afn clwsf/ xgg\ eO{ /x]sf] hgfPsf lyP . o;} u/L of}g b'Jo{jxf/, n}+lus e]befjnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] p7fPsf lyP .

3/ emu8f dg gkg]{ laifo

xfd|f 6f]nx¿df w]/} emu8f eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . 3/ emu8f klg eO/xG5 . o;n] xfdLnfO{ g/fd|f] nfU5 . lab"/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

;dfhdf 3/]n' dlxnf lx+;f / dBkfg lgif]w x'g' k5{ . a]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

w|'d|kfg / dfbs kbfy{ tyf s'nt lj?4sf] cfjfh

xfdLn] v]Ng] 7fpFdf dflg;x¿ w'd|kfg u/]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf] sfd xfdLnfO{ dg kb}{g .

— bf]nvf led]Zj/sf *–!! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx¿ •••

xfd|f ;fyLx¿ s'ntdf k/]sf 5g\ . xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ 7Ls af6f]df Nofpg rfxG5f} .

uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?•••

afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'tL{ / /S;L a]Rg gkfpg] lgodsf] kfngf x'g'k¥of] .

— ;'gjnsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿


of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/

af6f] lx+8\bf s]6L lh:sfpg]nfO{ sf/afxL xf];\ a]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

5fqfx? k9\g] ljBfnodf k'?if lzIfsx¿ x6fpg'k5{ bf]nvf eLd]Zj/sf !@ b]lv !* aif{sf aflnsfx¿

•••

aflnsfnfO{ dfq xf]Og afnsnfO{ klg lh:sfpg x'Fb}g.— lj/f6gu/ !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

n+}lus e]befj 5f]/f5f]/Ldf e]befj gePklg Aojxf/df km/s 5 . g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf aflnsfx¿

•••

xfdL aflnsfx?n] 3/ wGbf ug'{k5{ .bf]nvf eLd]Zj/sf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsf aflnsfx¿

•••

ljBfnoaf6 3/ uPkl5 xfdL aflnsfn] sfd ug'{k5{ . t/ afnsn] kb}{g .

lj/f6gu/sf !@–!* pd]/ ;d'xsf aflnsfx¿

$=!=$ afn arfpdf afnaflnsfsf] lrGtf afn e]nfsf qmddf ;a} :yfgsf afnaflnsfn] uef{j:yfaf6 g} afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] ;jfnnfO{ cleJoQm u/]sf 5g\ . hGd]sf] lbgaf6 !* jif{ k"/f geP;Dd p;sf] hLjg/Iff ug]{ sfd ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs / cfWoflTds ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf / :ofxf/sf] ;d'Rr clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6Lsf] dfu u/]sf 5g\ .

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^* cg';f/ afn arfpsf !) ;"rs lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{t :tgkfgsf] clwsf/, vf]k kfpg] clwsf/, :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"t x'g'k5{ . o;}u/L afnd}qL zf;gn] ue{jtL dlxnfsf] :jf:Yo hfFr, ;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] ;]jfsf] kx'Fr, kf]if0f h:tf s'/fdf ljz]if rf;f] /fVb5 . oL clwsf/d"ns ;]jfdf ;]jfk|bfos lgsfosf] hjfkmb]lxtfdfly afnclwsf/n] uDeL/ ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ePsfn] afnaflnsfsf] ;/f]sf/df afn arfpm;Fu ;DalGwt laifo klg k/]sf] 5 .


afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL !(*( sf] wf/f -^_ n] bL3{ hLjg / ljsf;, wf/f @$ cGtu{t :jf:Yo;DaGwL clwsf/ kb{5 . afn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfn] afn arfp;Fu ;DalGwt afNosfndf x'g] /f]u lj?4sf] vf]k sfo{qmd, lzz' tyf afn d[To'b/ 36fpg] pkfo, kf]if0fsf s'/f, ue{jtL / ;'Ts]/L cfdfsf ;jfnnfO{ p7fg u/]sf 5g\ . vf; u/]/ pgLx¿n] 3/ cf;kf;df g} ;'Ts]/L sIf -aly{ª ;]G6/_, lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFr, 3'DtL :jf:Yo lzla/, :jR5 lkpg] kfgLnfO{ d'Vo laifo agfP/ cfkm\gf cfjfhx¿ /fv]sf 5g\ .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfk|lt lrGtf vf]k 5'6]sfx?nfO{ ljz]if Joj:yf xf];\

j}t8L l;4]Zj/sf !& b]lv !* aif{sf afns / aflnsf .•••

xfd|f] j8fdf g} jly{ª ;]G6/ vf]Ng'k¥of] .g'jfsf]6 sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* aif{ ;d"xsf afnsx?

•••

xfd|f] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf cf}iflw 5}g .bf]nvf af]rsf !@ b]lv !* aif{ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf

•••

s'kf]if0flj?4 sfo{qmd NofOof];\ .j}t8L l;4]Zj/sf !@ b]lv !* aif{sf afnsx? .

3'DtL :jf:Yo lzlj/ rflxof] ufpF ufpFdf 3'DtL :jf:Yo lzlj/÷lSnlgs rflxG5 .

bf]nvf af]r !& b]lv !* aif{sf afns / aflnsf ;d"xaf6 cfPsf] ;'emfj .•••

:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf 8fS6/÷lrlsT;s a:b}gg . uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

•••

cf}iflw dx+uf] eof]. lj/f6gu/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

•••

:jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] cfjZostf xfd|f] ufpFdf :jR5 vfg]kfgL 5}g . :jR5 vfg]kfgL eP

slt hftL x'g] lyof] . a]Njfsf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

•••

e"sDkkl5 xfd|f vfg]kfgLsf wf/f ag]sf 5}gg .sljnf; ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf afns / aflnsfx?

•••

vfgL kfgL lng hfFb}df ;do ljT5 .ljb'/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx?

•••


hGdbtf{df ;r]tgf hGd btf{ u/fpg] 3'DtL lzla/ lgoldt x'g' k5{

la/f6gu/df !& b]lv !* aif{sf afns / aflnsf ;d"x•••

hGdbtf{ 5'6]sfx?nfO{ nfUg] hl/jfgf ldgfxf xf];\ .bfª 3f]/fxLsf !@ b]lv !* jif{ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf

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cfdfsf] gful/stf gePsf sf/0f w]/}sf] hGdbtf{ 5'6]sf] 5 .

af]Njf k;f{sf !@ b]lv !* jif{ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf•••

$=@= e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ / To;kl5 uPsf ;of}+ k/fsDkn] b]zsf #! lhNnfx¿ k|efljt ag]sf lyP . To;dWo] k6s k6ssf] k/fsDksf] Olk;]G6/ k/]sf] bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, uf]/vf pRr k|efljtdf k5{g\ eg] g'jfsf]6 clt k|efljt lhNnfdWo]df kb{5 .#^ ;/sf/L tYof+scg';f/ e"sDksf sf/0f b]ze/df % nfv #^ xhf/ ($* 3/ Wj:t ePsf lyP . o; qmddf *,&() hgf dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] / sl/j @@,#)) 3fOt] ePsf lyP . h;dWo] !! nfv @! xhf/ * afnaflnsf k|efljt eP .#& e"sDkn] w]/} k|efljt agfpg] !$ lhNnfdf afa' cfdf b'a} u'dfpg] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof !&^, cfdf u'dfPsf *^%, afa' u'dfPsf (&@ 5g\ .#* tL !$ lhNnfdf @&#& hgf afnaflnsfn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP, @!)& hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . tYof+scg';f/ l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf !###&%, bf]nvfdf !)@)$(, g'jfsf]6df !%&&%$ / uf]/vfdf !@$@&& hgf afnaflnsf k|efljt ePsf lyP .#( e"sDksf sf/0f lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs 3/x¿, ljBfnox¿, :jf:Yo s]Gb|x¿ / cGo ;fj{hlgs / lghL ;+/rgfx¿, tyf wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/x¿nufot xhf/f}+ ejgx¿ Wj:t jf Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP .$) tL ;a} ;+/rgf xfn k'glgdf{0fsf qmddf 5g\ .

#^= g]kfnsf] e"sDk ;g\ @)!%, lkl8PgP, g]kfn ;/sf/, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, h'g @)!% . #&= s]Gb|Lo afn sNof0fsf/L ;ldlt, -@)&@_ g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt . #*= s]Gb|Lo afn sNof0fsf/L ;ldlt, -@)&@_ g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt . #(= s]Gb|Lo afn sNof0fsf/L ;ldlt, -@)&@_ g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt .$)= Nepal Disaster Risk Reduction Portal, Incident report of Earthquake 2015, Nepal .$!= vfB ;'/Iff Sn:6/sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ e"sDkn] vfB ;'/IffnfO{ clt u+eL/ ¿kdf, ljz]ifu/L b'u{d kj{tLo If]qx¿df k|efj kf¥of] . pQm k|ltj]bgcg';f/ !$ nfv dflg;x¿

-sf7df8f}F pkTosfafx]s_ nfO{ vfB ;xfotf cfjZos 5 . vfB ;'/Iff Sn:6/, g]kfn, ;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDksf] vfB ;'/Iff k|efj;DaGwL k|ltj]bg, d] @)!% .


To; If]qsf afl;Gbfx¿ e"sDkkl5 c:yfoL af;:yfgdf al;/x]sf 5g\ / clxn] klg pgLx¿ laleGg ;d:ofaf6 u'h|L/x]sf 5g\ .$! k"glgdf{0fdf l9nfO{ x'Fbf lghL cfjf; k"0f{ ?kdf alg;s]sf] 5}g eg] ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox¿ k"glgdf{0fs} qmddf 5g\ . :jf:Yo ;]jf z'ne x'g ;s]sf] 5}g / ;/sf/L ;]jf k"0f{ ?kdf ;"rf? x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;} sf/0f afnaflnsfx¿n] dflysf ;femf laifoafx]s cGo s]xL d'4f km/s 9+un] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

-s_ k'glg{df{0f ;Sg afnaflnsfsf] hf]8 e"sDk k|efljt If]q bf]nvf, uf]/vf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / g'jfsf]6 If]qsf afnaflnsfx¿n] afn e]nf dfkm{t\ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ oyflz3| ;Sg ;jfn p7fPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] afn e]nfsf qmddf ;'/lIft / c;'/lIft, dg kg]{ / gkg]{ lrq agfpFb} k'glgdf{0fdf cfkm\gf] gofF 3/ x]g{ rfx]sf], ljBfno ;'/lIft / afnd}qL x]g{ rfx]sf] tyf cGo ;+efljt ljkb\af6 ;'/lIft x'g rfx]sf] atfPsf lyP .

gofF 3/ x]g{ rfxG5f}c:yfoL 6x/fdf a:bf xfdLnfO{ 8/ nfU5 .

sljnf;sf afnaflnsf•••

ca aGg] 3/ /fd|f] / kSsL ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5f} . uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"x

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xfjf / kfgLaf6 xfd|f] 6x/f c;'/lIft 5 .l;Gw'kfNrf]s, 7"nf] l;?jf/L

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ljBfno ejg aGg'k¥of] xfdL 6x/fdf k9L /x]sf 5f}+ . ljBfno ejg l56f] ag] xfd|f] k9fO{ klg /fd|f] x'g] lyof] ls .

bf]nvf af]r sf !@ b]lv !* aif{sf afns ;d"x •••

6x/fdf k9fPsf] xfdL a'em\b}gf}+ . aflx/ xNnf x'G5 . csf]{ sIffdf xNnf ePsf] ;'lgG5 .

l;Gw'kfNrf]s rf}tf/f gu/kflnsfsf !# b]lv !* aif{ ;d"xsf afns •••

ljBfnodf eTs]sf cjz]if afFsL 5g\ slxn] ;kmf / :jR5 ljBfno x'g] xf] .

b]p/fnLsf afnaflnsf !@ b]lv !* jif{ ;d"xsf afnaflnsf


-v_ ca aGg] ljBfnosf] ;+/rgf afnd}qL x'g'k5{ e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfx¿n] ca aGg] ljBfnox¿ afnd}qL ef}lts ;+/rgfdf x'g' kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . To; If]qsf clwsf+z ljBfno ejg k"glgdf{0fsf qmddf ePsfn] ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g c:yfoL 6x/fdf eO/x]sf] 5 . lhNnf lzIff sfo{no l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] bfaL cg';f/ ;a} ljBfnodf rfn' cfly{s aif{leq ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgf k"0f{ ?kdf tof/ x'g] 5 .

afnd}qL ;+/rgfglhs} gofF ;+/rgf aGb}5, To;}sf] 5]pdf xfd|f] sIff rNbf

cK7\of/f] eof] .ljb'/, g'jfsf]6sf afnaflnsf

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ca aGg] ljBfno ejgsf e¥ofª, s';L{ a]Gr / c? ;fdfg afnd}qL x'g'k5{ .

l;Gw'kfNrf]s 7"nf] l;?af/Lsf aflnsfx¿ . •••

ljBfnosf] aftfj/0f :jR5 / zfGt x'g'k5{ . lab"/ g'jfsf]6sf * b]lv !! pd]/ ;d"x

-u_ a[xQ/ ljBfno ;'/Iff 9fFrfsf] vfFrf]e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfx¿n] ljBfno If]qdf k"0f{tM ;'/lIft dxz'; x'g] jftfj/0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿n] cfkm\gf] b}lgsLsf] 7"nf] lx:;f latfpg] ePsfn] klg ljBfnosf ef}lts ;+/rgf ;'/lIft / afnd}qL x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ .

-3_ lbuf] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfjZostf e"sDk k|efljt If]qsf afnaflnsfnfO{ e"sDknufot cGo ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"glgs/0f x'g' kg]{ ;jfn p7fPsf 5g\ . ;'/lIft ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ffcGtu{t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;'/Iff pkfo dfq gvf]h]/ cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]k af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL h:tf cGo k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 ;'/Iffsf] pkfo vf]lhG5 eg] afn lx+;f, afn b'/frf/, a]rlavgnufotsf hf]lvd lj?4 ;r]tgf / ;'/Iffsf pkfosf] vf]hL ul/G5 .

;Fw}sf] 8/ klx/f] / eL/ hf]lvdo'Qm ljBfno b]v]/ xfdLnfO{

8/ nflu/xG5 . lab"/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx¿

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lx88'n ubf{ h+unL hgfj/, klx/f]sf] 8/ nfU5 .lab'/ g'jfsf]6sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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vf]nfdf k'n 5}g, vf]nfsf] 8/ nfU5 .bf]nvf, af]rsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx?

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-ª_ ;/;kmfO / :jf:Yosf] lrGtfafn e]nfsf qmddf afnaflnsfx¿n] ;'/lIft lkpg] kfgLsf] kx'FrnfO{ d'Vo rf;f]sf] ?kdf /fv]sf lyP . hxfF lkpg] kfgL k|b"lift ePsf] / c;'/lIft kfgL lkpg afWo ePsf] s'/f afnaflnsfx¿n] atfPsf lyP . s]xL afnaflnsfx¿n] g'jfOw'jfO ug{sf nflu kof{Kt kfgL klg gePsf] / ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf g} g'xfpg' k/]sf]n] b'Mv ;d]t JoQm u/]sf lyP . …lkpg] kfgLsf] >f]t df6f] / 9'+uf ldl;P/ v/fa ag]sf] 5 . ToxL kfgL lkpg' kg{] afWotf x'gfn] ubf{ xfdLnfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfUg ;Sg] 8/ ePsf] 5Ú sljnf;sf] Ps afnsn] atfPsf lyP . afn e]nfdf ;xefuL Ps aflnsf eGb} lyOg\ …xfdLnfO{ aflx/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf g'xfpFbf w]/} c;xh nflu/x]sf] 5 .Ú

/f]us} 8/ ahf/df htftt} kmf]xf]/ 5 . ;/;kmfO geP/ /f]u nfUnf

ls eGg] 8/ 5 . g'jfsf]6 ljb'/sf !@–!* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

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hyfefjL kmf]xf]/d}nf / gfnLx? 5g\ . o:tf] ufpF s;/L ;kmf /fVg] xf]nf <

bf]nvf, af]rsf !@–!* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx? •••

kmf]xf]/ kfgLn] ubf{ x}hf nfUg] ;Defjgf 5 .l;Gw'kfNrf]s rf}tf/fsf *–!! pd]/ ;d"xsf afnsx?

e"sDkkl5 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0fe"sDksf sf/0f l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf dfq} emG8} ( xhf/ lghL tyf ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ Wj:t ePsf] / ltgsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ k|lqmofdf /x]sf] k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f l;Gw'kfNrf]s ;Dks{ sfof{non] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . sfof{nosfcg';f/ clxn] ^( cf]6f :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿ lhNnfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / s]xL :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] c:yfoL ejgaf6 ;]jf lbO/x]sf] 5 . o:t} lhNnf lzIff sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]ssfcg';f/ lhNnfdf %$@ cf]6f ljBfno ejgx¿ eTs]sf]df clxn];Dd @% cf]6f dfq ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ eg] !)) cf]6f ljBfno ejgx¿ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf 5g\ .

dfdnf cWoogM $=@


:jf:Yo ;'ljwf xfd|f :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf 8fS6/ a:b}gg\ .

sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf 5fq •••

af6f]x¿df hyfefjL s's'/ 5f8]sf] x'G5, h;n] ubf{ lx88'n ug{ c;'/lIft cg'ej x'G5 . ljb'/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf 5fq

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v'nf lbzfd'Qm x'g' k¥of] xfd|f] ufpF v'nf lbzf d'Qm x'g'k5{ .

k;f{ a]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿•••

e'sDkn] xfd|f zf}rfno eTsfPsf] 5 .bf]nvf eLd]Zj/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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lghL zf}rfno agfpg] cleofg ;'? ug'{k¥of] . uf]/vf b]p/fnLsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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:jR5 vfg]kfgL rlxof] e"sDksf sf/0f 6'6]sf vfg]kfgLsf wf/f ag]sf 5}gg\ . a:tL:t/df vfg]kfgLsf] cefj 5 . ca wf/f agfpFbf

afnd}qL wf/f agfOof];\ .sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf afnsx?

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vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f xfd|f] kx'Frdf 5}g .af]rsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf afnsx?

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vfg]kfgLsf] wf/fx? xfdLn] ge]6\g] :yfgdf 5g\ .a}t8L l;4]Zj/sf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?


$=# aflnsfx¿sf] ;/f]sf/ afn aflnsfsf ;d:ofnfO{ s]nfP/ laZn]if0f ul//xFbf aflnsf tyf vf; u/]/ lszf]/Lx¿sf] ;d:ofnfO{ km/s 9+un] x]g'{ kg]{ afn e]nfsf qmddf aflnsfx¿n] ;'emfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] agfj6nfO{ Vofn ub}{ To;sf] k|ltlaDasf ?kdf aflnsfx¿nfO{ lng' kg]{ x'G5 . afns / aflnsfaLr zf/Ll/s / h}ljs leGgtf x'G5g\ . o;}sf/0f pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf klg km/s x'G5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhdf afns / aflnsf cyf{t\ k'?if / dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf km/s ePsfn] aflnsfx¿n] cfkm\gf] cfjZostfnfO{ km/s 9+un] p7fPsf x'g\ . aflnsf jf lszf]/Lx¿sf] zf/Ll/s ;+a]bgzLntf tyf ;dfhsf] lje]b / pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yok|ltsf] hf]lvdnfO{ afn e]nfsf qmddf p7fPsf 5g\ .

pgLx¿sf] k|d'v ;/f]sf/df afns eGbf aflnsfx¿ a9L afn ljjfxsf] hf]lvddf kg{' k/]sf], a]rlavg tyf of}g lx+;f v]Kg' k/]sf], 3/fo;L sfdsf] af]em klg Aoxf]g{' k/]sf] pgLx¿sf] k|d'v ;jfnx¿ lyP .

:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO aflnsfx¿nfO{ ljBfnodf lgMz'Ns ;]g]6/L Kof8sf] Aoj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

k;f{ a]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿ •••

ljBfnodf a]Un} 5fqf zf}rfno 5}g . sljnf;sf * b]lv !! pd]/sf aflnsfx¿

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xfd|f ;fyLx? tNnf] k]6 b'Vof] eg]/ :s'n g} cfpFb}gg\ .l;Gw'kfNrf]s rf}tf/fsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d'xsf aflnsfx¿

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afn ljjfx afn ljjfx lgd{"n ul/g'k5{ .

g'jfsf]6 lab"/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf] aflnsfx¿ •••

afn ljjfx ug]{ / u/fpg] cleefjsdfly sfg'gL sf/afxL xf];\ .

bfª 3f]/fxLsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx¿ •••

afn ljjfxaf6 d"ntM xfdL aflnsf kLl8t x'G5f}+, of] tTsfn k|ltaGw ul/of];\ .

a]Njf -!@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿ _


sfdsf] af]em xfdLn] 3/df klg vfgf ksfpg]b]lv ;a} sfd

ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . la/f6gu/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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aflnsfn] 3/sf] sfd ubf{ ub}{, xf]djs{ ug{ g} ;Sb}gf}+ .k;f{ j]Njfsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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3/sf] sfd aflnsfn] dfq lsg ug]{ <bf8 3f]/fOsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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;fj{hlgs lx+;f tyf a]rlavg e"sDkkl5 xfd|f ;fyLx¿ :s"n cfpg 5f8]

pgLx¿sf] vf]hL x'g' k5{ . l;Gw'kfNrf]s rf}tf/fsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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s]6L lh:sfpg]nfO{ sf/afxL x'g' k5{ lj/f6gu/sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿

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3/]n' dlxnf lx+;f / dBkfgdfly k|ltaGw nufOg' k5{ .a]Njf -!@ b]lv !* pd]/ ;d"xsf aflnsfx¿ _

;xeflutf Snaax¿df xfdL -aflnsf_ x¿nfO{ ;lhnf];Fu efu lng /

;lqmo x'g lbFb}gg\ . sljnf;sf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf aflnsfx¿

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afnSnjnfO{ s]6fs]6L e]6\g] ynf] eg]/ s'/f sf6\5g\ .3f]/fxLsf !@ b]lv !* pd]/sf aflnsfx¿

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pk;+xf/ To;f] t afnaflnsfx¿n] afn e]nfdfkm{t\ afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/nfO{ dfq g/fv]/ ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/nfO{ klg /fv]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;'gjnsf afnaflnsfn] jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/x¿ dhfn] p7fPsf lyP . la/f6gu/sf afnaflnsfn] dxfgu/ aGg' kg]{b]lv cGt/f{li6«o ladfg:yn ;Ddsf s'/fx¿ /fv]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿;Fu} ;+3Lo txsf ;d:of, ;jfn / of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdk|lt cfkm\gf b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf lyP . oxfF afn arfp, afn ljsf;, afn ;+/If0f / ;xeflutfsf k|ltlglwd"ns cfjfh dfq l6kf]6 ul/Psf] 5 .


%=! ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg k|lqmof afn e]nf cfkm}df lg0f{o sfo{Gjog ug]{ sfo{sf/L c+u geP/ cfkm";Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] laifosf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf]?k/]vf tof/ ug]{ ;+oGq xf] . afn e]nfn] u/]sf] lg0f{o ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] clgjfo{ sfo{Gjog ug{' kg]{ afWotf gePklg of] g}lts aGwg xf] . ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf afn e]nf klg Ps r/0f leq kb{5 .

o;sf/0f afn e]nfn] p7fPsf ;jfn / ;d:ofnfO{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnn] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] ;sf/fTds/ l;h{gfTds, g}lts ;f]r / lhDd]jf/L /xG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ / g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb_af6@)&# h]7 !& ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg cfb]z, @)&$ n] :yfgLo txsf]of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .$@ o;cg';f/ of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof a:tL tyf 6f]n :t/Lo dfu ;+sng ub}{;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th{'df ug{' kg]{ Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] gLltut Joa:yfn] klg afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt dfux¿sf];+sng afn e]nfaf6 g} ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . afn e]nf afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of, ;jfn / dfusf] klxrfg ug]{ ynf]xf] . o;af6 ;+slnt dfux¿ laleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿n] ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;dWo]d'Vo d'Vok|ltlglwd"ns ;Daf]wg o; k|sf/ 5g\ .

%=@= afn e]nfn] p7fPsf dfusf] ;Daf]wg -s_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift la/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf -xfnM dxfgu/kflnsf_, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf / a}t8L lhNnfsf] ;fljs l;4]Zj/ uflj;sf] kxn$#

n :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]liftla/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf -xfn dxfgu/kflnsf_ ;'gjn gu/kflnsf / a}t8L lhNnfsf] ;fljs l;4]Zj/uflj;df -xfn kf6g gu/kflnsf_ afn e]nfaf6 afnaflnsfsf of]hgf k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ / tL of]hgfnfO{ g} clGtddfGotf lbg] cEof; ul/Psf] 5 .

n la/f6gu/sf] ;fljs pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf gd"gfsf ?kdf tLg lbg] afn e]nf ul/g] cEof;sf] yfngL ePsf] 5 .

n tL :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf d"No / dfGotfsf cfwf/df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|of; eO{ /x]sf] 5 .

v08 %

afn e]nfn] p7fPsf ;jfnx¿sf] ;Daf]wg

$@= :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng ;DaGwdf hf/L ePsf] cfb]z, @)&# sf] cg';"rL ! df of]hgf th{'df k|lqmof ;xeflutfd"ns x'g] pNn]v 5 .$#= ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx cGtu{t tTsfnLg gu/ kl/ifb / ufpF kl/ifbsf cfwf/df .


n tL :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf :yfgLo txsf sfo{kflnsf / ;efsf kbflwsf/Lx? dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, ;fdflhs kl/rfns, dlxnf ;+hfn, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ ;ldlt, gu/:t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;:yf, 6f]n ;+u7g, j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, laBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf, k|wfgfWofks tyf k|frfo{, lzIfs, ljBfno+sf afnd}qL kmf]sn k;{g, afn ;+hfn tyf afn Snasf kbflwsf/L, j8f :t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d]tnfO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rssf ;DaGwdf lgoldt cled"lvs/0f tflnd k|bfg ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 .

n =;'/lIft dft[Tj, k"0f{ :tgkfg, cfO/g rSsLsf] k|of]u tyf ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg, vfg]kfgL, JolQmut :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g'kg]{ ljifo, hGdbtf{sf nflu 3/b}nf], afn ljjfx lj?4 cleofg / afn >d Go"gLs/0f h:tf laifodf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 .

n :yfgLo txnfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/, k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm :yfgLo tx / v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm, aftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] .

n afnd}qL 3f]lfift tL txsf OsfOdf afn;+/If0f gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf, aflif{s of]hgf cfjlws of]hgf, afnaflnsf;DaGwL nufgL of]hgf, afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, j]rljvg, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/ h:tf 3/]n' lx+;f sd ug]{ sfo{of]hgf, afnaflnsf, cleefjs,

dfdnf cWoogM %=!

xfdL klxnf] tx aGg]5f+} – eLdaxfb'/ yfkf If]qL,

d]o/, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf

;'gjn afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ug]{ klxnf] gu/kflnsf t x'Fb} xf], ca klxnf] :yfgLo tx aGg] cleofg klg ;'? ePsf] 5 . vf; u/]/ :yfgLo txsf] k'g;+{/rgfkl5 ;fljs w'/sf]6 / /fdgu/ uflj; ;'gjn gu/kflnsfsf] j8fdf ?kfGt/0f

eP . clxn] tL uflj; ;'gjn gu/kflnsfsf] !!,!@ / !# j8f sfod ePsf 5g\ . tL j8fdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf cfwf/e"t txb]lv g} sfd ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . tL j8fdf afn Sna klg 5}gg\ . :jf:Yo, lzIff tyf ;+/rgfut ¿kdf klg afnd}qL ag]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] xfdL hgk|ltlglw lgjf{lrt ePkl5 klxnf] sfd g} tL j8fnfO{ afnd}qL agfpg] cleofgdf h'l6;s]sf 5f}+ . ToxfFsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ kfg]{ sfd klg ePsf] 5 . km]l/ ;'gjn afnd}qL ePsf] b'O{ jif{ eof] . oxfF l:yltkqsf] cBfjlws ug{'kg]{ /x]5 . of] klg ;'? ePsf] 5 . of] cleofg o'4:t/df nu]/ oxL jif{ l;+uf] k'g;{+/lrt ;'gjnnfO{ klxnf] afnd}qLo'Qm :yfgLo tx agfpg]5f}+ .

aGb x8\tfn gug]{ k|lta4tf afnaflnsfn] aGb x8\tfn d'Qm gu/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . afn e]nfsf qmddf o:tf] cfjfh p7]kl5 :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;'gjn gu/kflnsf leq aGb x8\tfnsf] cfof]hgf gug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . b]zs} klxnf] afnd}qL gu/kflnsf ;'gjnsf] afn e]nfn] laleGg ;dodf x'g] aGb x8\tfnn] afn clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] eGb} ulx/f] rf;f] JoQm u/]sf] lyof] . ;'gjn gu/kflnsf / dL/]i6 g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf afn e]nf nuQ} afn e]nfn] p7fg u/]sf] ;jfnsf ;Gbe{df ;/f]sf/jfn;Fu kl/rofTds sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] bf}/fgdf /fhgLlts bnsf tkm{af6 o:tf] k|lta4tf cfPsf] xf] . —;fef/M afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g dL/]i6 n]vdfnf

dfdnf cWoogM %=@


gu/kflnsf, ljBfno / ;+3;+:yfsf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL ;"rssf] :yfgLos/0f, afnaflnsf;DaGwL l:yltkqsf] k|sfzg ug]{ sfd ePsf] kfOG5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]lift :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿df 6f]n lasf; ;+u7g jf 6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt, j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, ljBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, afn Sna -6f]n:t/Lo / ljBfno :t/Lo_, afn ;~hfn -j8f / ufpF÷gu/_, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltdf gu/ afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt, >lds afn Snasf cg'udg ;ldlt h:tf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] / tL ;+/rgfdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xefuL ePsf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] lbPsf] 5 .

n laifout sfo{no, ;+3 ;+:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLrsf] ;dGjodf ;do ;dodf ;+o'Qm cg'udg ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .

-v_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul//x]sf bfª lhNnfsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf, k;f{ lhNnfsf] tTsfnLg a]Njf uflj;sf] kxn$$ n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /0fgLlt / sfo{ljlwcg';f/ afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo 3f]if0ff ug{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] ;"rs k'/f

;/;kmfOdf h'6\b} l;4]Zj/sf afnaflnsfl;4]Zj/–& sf lszf]/ dx/f Ps 306f cl3 g} 3/af6 ljBfnosf] nflu lg:sG5g\ cfwf 306fsf] b'/Ldf /x]sf] ljBfno k'Ug' cl3 ufpFF3/ j/k/sf] kmf]xf]/ ;kmf ug{df nfU5g\ . ufpF j/k/ ePsf Knfli6sb]lv cGo kmf]xf]/ l6k]/ 8i6ljgdf /fVg] sfdsf] nflu pgn] cfwf 306f 5'6\ofPsf 5g\ . pgL dfq} xf]Og ufpFsf ;a} afnaflnsfsf] lgoldt k|lqmof oxL xf] . # aif{{ cl3 u7g ePsf] hLjg Hof]lt afn Snadf cfj4 afnaflnsf ufpFsf] kmf]xf]/ ;+sng dfq ub}{gg\, k|To]s xKtfsf] Ps lbg k|To]s 3/sf] zf}rfno;d]t cg'udg ug]{ u5{g\ .

zf}rfnodf ;fa'g kfgL cGo ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yf x]g]{ u5{g\ . kmf]xf]/ zf}rfno ;kmf ug{sf] nflu 3/wgLnfO{ ;DemfpF5g\ .

afnaflnsfx¿n] ;DemfPkl5 cleefjsn] klg ;lhn} dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . c6]/ ug]{nfO{ afn Snan] ;dflhs ?kdf sf/jfxL;d]t Snaug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ufpFdf ;d'bfo :t/sf ( afn Snaa 5g\ . ;/;kmfO{b]lv ;dflhs ljs[lt, dlxnf lx+;f, h'jftf; dlb/f, afn ljjfxnufot ;dflhs cGwljZjf; x6fpg afn Sna ;lqmo ePsf] j8f gful/s d~rsL ;+of]hs nIdL dx/fn] atfOg\ . afn Snasf ;b:ox¿n] ufpFsf] kmf]xf]/ ;kmf ug{ dfq xf]Og cGo ;dflhs lqmofsnfkdf ;d]t xft]dfnf] ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . lasf; lgdf{0fb]lv cGo ;dflhs sfo{df afnaflnsfx¿n] cy{k'0f{ e'ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] :yflgo xl/l;+x dx/fn] hfgsf/L lbP . afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg]b]lv afn ljjfx, ;dflhs lx+;f, dlxnf lx+;fnufot cGo hgr]tgfsf lqmofsnfk ufpFdf lgodlt x'g] u/]sf] dx/fn]] atfP . —;fef/M afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g dL/]i6 n]vdfnf

dfdnf cWoogM %=#


u/fpg clwstd kxn ePsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 .$%

n afn e]nfsf ;jfnnfO{ :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf n}hfg] k4ltsf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 .

n ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rssf ;DaGwdf cled"lvs/0f tyf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ sfd eO{/x]sf] 5.

n afnd}qL zf;gnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] sfo{qmdx¿ h:t}, ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg sfo{qmd hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

n hGdbtf{sf nflu 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd ;'? ePsf] 5 .

n afn ljjfx lj?4 ;r]tgf cleofg hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

n afn >d Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwdf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

n :yfgLo txnfO{ k"0f{ ;fIf/, k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm, / v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm, aftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

n tL txsf OsfOdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL ;"rssf] :yfgLos/0f tyf ;+:yfut clen]lvs/0f ug]{ / afnaflnsf;DaGwL l:yltkq k|sfzg ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 .

n :yfgLo txsf] ;+/rgf j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, ljBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltx¿df afn ;xeflutf ug]{ k|of; hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

n afn Sna -6f]n:t/Lo / ljBfno :t/Lo_, afn ;~hfn -j8f / ufpF÷gu/_ u7g ePsf] 5 .

lj/f6gu/df b]zs} gd"gf afn e]nf:yfgLo txsf] of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu la/f6gu/ pk dxfgu/kflnsfn] tLg lbg] afn e]nf cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . …Ps lbgsf] afn e]nf ;dosf] lx;fjn] ck'u ePsfn] gu/kflnsfs} ;|f]t / ;fwgdf tLg lbg] afn e]nf ug]{ kl/kf6L ;'? u/]sf xf} .Ú pk dxfgu/kflnsfsf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;Dks{ JolQm l8NnL lwdfnn] eg], …la/f6gu/sf] ;]jf If]q, hg;+Vof / afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ Vofn ubf{ Ps lbgsf] afn e]nf t lrghfgdf g} laT5, o;}n] afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf] efjgfnfO{ cleJoQm ug]{ k|z:t ;do xf];\ eg]/ ;do cefjnfO{ la:tf/ u/]/ tLg lbg agfPsf xf} .Ú—;fef/M afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g dL/]i6 n]vdfnf

dfdnf cWoogM %=$

$$= ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx cGtu{t tTsfnLg gu/ kl/ifb / ufpF kl/ifbsf cfwf/df .$%= ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx cGtu{t tTsfnLg gu/ kl/ifb / ufpF kl/ifbsf cfwf/df .


n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt, gu/ afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt u7g ePsf] / lqmoflzn agfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] .

-u_ e"sDk k|efljt lhNnf uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfnrf]s / bf]nvf lhN-nfdf ePsf] kxn$^ ut aif{ @)&@ ;fn j}zfv !@ ut] / j}zfv @( ut]sf] e"sDk / To;kl5sf ;ofF} k/fsDkaf6 k|efljt ePsf uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / bf]nvfdf afnaflnsfsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] laleGg 9+un] ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .

n Wj:t ePsf] jf Iflt ePsf cfjf;x¿ k"glgdf{0fsf qmddf /x]sf] . k"glgdf{0fsf qmddf ;'/lIft cfjf;;DaGwL gLltx¿ nfu" eO{ sfo{Gjogsf qmddf /x]sf 5g\ . s]xL :yfgdf a:tL :yfgfGt/0f klg ul/Psf] 5 .

n c:yfoL cf>o :ynx¿df ;'/Iff k|aGw / :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{sf sfo{qmd nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

n ljBfno lzIff k"j{jt\ ?kdf ;'rf? /x]sf] / afnaflnsfsf] l;sfO{ / ;fdflhs cGt/lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfOPsf] 5 .

hftLo lje]b 36\bf] zf/bf g]kfnL ;flassf] b]p/fnL uflj; $ lgaf;L aflnsf x'g\ . !$ aif{sL zf/bf /fdzfx dfljdf sIff cf7df kl9\5g\ . pgsf] cfly{s ca:yf Hofb} sdhf]/ 5 . To;df klg pgL blnt kl/jf/sL aflnsf, ;dfhdf ljBdfg hftLo lje]bsL lzsf/ ag]sL lyOg\ . ul/aLsf] lzsf/ ag]sL pgL 3/kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ;d:ofsf] sf/0f ljBfno 5f]8\g] l:yltdf k'lug\ . kNnf] ufpFsf Pshgf c+snn] pgnfO{ sf7df8fF}df sfd nufOlbg] cfZjf;g lbP . kl/jf/sf] ;dy{g klg kfOg\ vNtLdf slQklg k};f gePsf] ca:yf, ld7f] vfg, /fd|f] nufpg klg g;ls/x]sf] ca:yfdf /f]huf/L lbg] cfZjf;g kfPkl5 pgn] sf7df8f}F hfg] dgl:ylt agfOg\ . ToxL ;do pgsf] ljBfnodf afn Sna u7g ug]{ nx/ rNof] . cGhfgd} pgL afn Sna u7g ug]{ cleofgk|lt pT;flxt eOg\ . afn Sna u7g ePkl5 laleGg ;+3;+:yfn] afn >d zf]if0f, of}g zf]if0fh:tf laifodf ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx¿ u/] . To;af6 dlxnfx¿, aflnsfx¿ s;/L laleGg k|nf]egdf km:g afWo x'G5g\ eGg] hfgsf/L kfOg\ . To;kl5 pgL cfkm\gf] eljio ;Dem]/ ulDe/ aGg yflng\ . afn Snadf a;]/ s]xL ug{ kfP w]/} s'/f hfGg / a'em\g ;lsg] s'/f pgn] 7DofOg\ . pgn] cGhfgdf x'g] uNtLaf6 aRg / ;zSt gful/s aGg ;lsg] s'/f a'lemg\ .

dfdnf cWoogM %=^

$^= ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx cGtu{t tTsfnLg gu/ kl/ifb / ufpF kl/ifbsf cfwf/df .

dfdnf cWoogM %=%

@)&% df rf}tf/f afnd}qL :yfgLo tx b]Vg'x'g]5

– cdfgl;+x tfdfª d]o/, rf}tf/f ;fFufrf]s u9L gu/kflnsf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

afnclwsf/nfO{ k|j4{g gu/L s'g} If]qsf] ljsf;sf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . afnaflnsf g} ef]lnsf b]zsf rnfodfg gful/s ePsf] x'Fbf b]znfO{ z"Gotfdf n}hfgaf6 arfpg xfdLn] afnd}qL cleofg rnfpg}kb{5 . l;Gw'kfNrf]s cfkm}df e"sDk k|efljt If]q xf] . xfd|f ;+/rgf ;a} Wj:t ePsf 5g\ . ca k'glg{df{0f tLj|tfsf ;fy cl3 a9\b}5 . o;qmddf xfdLn] ;a} ;+/rgf afnd}qL, ckf+ud}qL agfpg] eg]sf 5f}+ . s]xL ljBfno, :jf:Yorf}sL alg;s]sf 5g\ . lzIffsf] d"nwf/af6 ljd'v afnaflnsfnfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] ah]6n] ;Daf]wg ul/;s]sf] 5 . gu/;efn] klg afnd}qL cleofgnfO{ cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . afne]naf6 cfPsf of]hgfnfO{ g} ;efn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f cfufdL @)&% k';leq afnd}qL gu/ agfpg] cleofgdf h'l6;s]sf 5f}+ .


n ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ / lrlsT;f ;]jfdf kx'FrnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] pRr k|fyfldstf lbOPsf] 5.

n laleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf] kxndf dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ k|lqmof hf/L /x]sf] 5.

n afnaflnsf s]lGb|t ljkb hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f ;d"x u7g u/L :yfgLo txdf ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 .

n lhNnfsf ;a} gu/kflnsf / s]xL ;fljs uflj; / xfn j8fx¿df afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 .

n klxnf] k6s afn e]nf dfkm{t\ afnaflnsfsf ;d:of, ;jfnnfO{ klxrfg u/L :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dfa]z ul/Psf] 5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt u7g ug]{ kxn ePsf] 5 .

n ljBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joa:yfkg ;ldltdf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xeflutf u/fpg] tkm{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofg k'u]sf] 5 .

n afn >d lj?4 ;r]tgf a9\bf] /x]sf] 5.

n afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/ lj?4 ;r]tgf sfo{qmd NofOPsf] 5.

%=#= ;du| :yfgLo txdf afn e]nfsf] ;Daf]wg afn e]nf d"ntM afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ul/Pkl5 :jefljs ?kdf afnaflnsfsf] ultljlw :yfgLo txsf] zf;g k|0ffnLdf b]vf kb{5 . laleGg lhNnfsf :yfgLo txsf OsfOx¿df lgoldt afn e]nf x'g yfn]kl5 of]hgf th{'df k|lqmofdf afn ;xeflutf t ePs} 5, ljBfno, ;d'bfodf afn Snasf] u7g, afnaflnsfnfO{ cled"lvs/0f, afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo ;ldltx¿sf] lqmoflzntf / afn e]nfdfkm{t\ afnaflnsfsf] of]hgf th{'df cflb lqmofsnfk ePsf 5g\ .

lg/Gt/ afn e]nf / cled"lvs/0f M afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ePsf ;a} :yfgLo txdf lg/Gt/ afn e]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf afn Snadf cfj4 afnaflnsf, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, ;fdflhs kl/rfns, dlxnf ;+hfn, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g gu/ ;ldlt, gu/:t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;:yf, 6f]n ;+u7g, j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, laBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf, k|wfgfWofks tyf k|frfo{, lzIfs,

afnd}qL k'glg{df{0f lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, g'jfsf]6 uf]vf{ / l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lx¿ qmdzM s]z/ axfb'/ kl08t, / s[i0f axfb'/ zfxLsfcg';f/ lhNnfdf ePsf k"glgdf{0fnfO{ afnd}qL cjwf/0ffsf cfwf/df ;+/rgf agfpg] gLlt agfOPsf] 5 . ca aGg] x/]s ;+/rgfsf e¥ofª, kmlg{r/nufotsf ef}lts a:t' afnd}qL / ckfªu d}qL x'g]5g\ .

;a} :yfgLo txdf afn ;+/If0f sf]if dlxnf, afnaflnsf sfo{nosf k|d'v tyf lhNnf afn sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ldltsL ;b:o ;lra ;GWof /fh]Zj/L l;+xsfcg';f/ l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf ;a} :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf ufpF afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . tL ;a} ;ldltdf afn ;+/If0f sf]if /x]sf] 5 . o; sf]ifsf] /sd *÷( nfv;Dd /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 lzIffdf kx'Fr gePsf afnaflnsfsf nflu dfl;s tLg ;o ?k}of 5fqa[lQ lbg] ul/Psf] 5 .

dfdnf cWoogM %=&


ljBfno+sf afnd}qL kmf]sn k;{g;d]tnfO{ lg/Gt/ cled"lvs/0f tyf tflndsf sfo{qmd eO/x]sf] 5 .

;r]tgf sfo{qmdM ;'/lIft dft[Tj, k"0f{ :tgkfg, cfO/g rSsLsf] k|of]u tyf ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg, vfg]kfgL, JolQmut :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g'kg]{ ljifo, hGdbtf{sf nflu 3/b}nf], afn ljjfx / afn>d Go"gLs/0f, h:tf laifodf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd lautdf em} hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmddf ;Daf]wgM afn e]nf x'g] u/]sf :yfgLo txsf OsfOdf afn d}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ug]{ gLltut lg0f{o ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f afnaflnsf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / of]hgf agfOPsf x'G5g\ . h:tf]M afn ;+/If0f gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf, :yfgLo txsf] aflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd, :yfgLo txsf] jflif{s of]hgf, afnaflnsf;DaGwL nufgL of]hgf, afnaflnsf, clefefjs, gu/kflnsf, ljBfno / ;+3;+:yfsf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL ;"rssf] :yfgLos/0f, afnaflnsf;DaGwL l:yltkq, :yfgLo txsf] a:t'ut ljj/0f cflb .

afnd}qL ;+/rgfx¿ M 6f]n lasf; ;:yf, j8f gful/s d~r, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|, laBfno Joa:yfkg ;ldlt, afn Sna -6f]n:t/Lo / ljBfno :t/Lo_, afn ;~hfn -j8f / gu/_, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlt, :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt, gu/ afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt, cg'udg ;ldlt h:tf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f k|foM ;a} :yfgLo txdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ .

lg/Gt/ cg'udgM afn e]nf x'g] u/]sf :yfgLo txdf laifout sfo{no, ;+3 ;+:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLrsf] ;dGjodf ;+o'Qm cg'udg ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 .

;'zf;g tyf kf/blz{tfM afn e]nf ePsf :yfgLo txdf t'nfgfTds ?kdf ;'zf;gsf ;"rsx¿ ;jn /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . afn e]nf ePsf :yfgLo txdf lgoldt ?kdf ;fa{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fdflhs kl/If0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;} u/L gful/s a8fkq, ;'emfj k]l6sf /fVg] ul/Psf] / ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

pknJwLd"ns 3f]if0ff M afn e]nf x'g] u/]sf :yfgLo txdf ;fIf/ gu/kflnsf jf uflj;, k"0f{ vf]k, v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm, k|fo 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ eg] s]xL :yfgLo txdf 3f]if0ffsf] kxn eO/x]sf] kfO{G5 . s]xL :yfgLo txnfO{ aftfj/0fd}qL agfpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

%=$= afn e]nfsf s]xL pknJwLx¿afn e]nf ;fdfGo cj:yfdf afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt of]hgfsf] dfu ;+sng ug]{ k|lqmofut ynf] dfq b]lvP tfklg afn e]nf ;du| :yfgLo zf;gsf] u'0f:t/;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . afn e]nf ;DkGg ePsf ( lhNnfsf !# :yfgdf ul/Psf] cjnf]sg cWoogsf cfwf/df afn e]nfsf] dfu ;Daf]wgaf6 lgDg adf]lhd pknJwL b]lvPsf] :yfgLo txdf ul/Psf] cGt/lqmof / 5nkmn tyf cGtjf{tf{af6 kfOG5 . vf; u/]/ tL pknJwLx¿ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rs;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

k|x/Lsf] ;lqmotf – /lj s];L, k|x/L pkl/Ifs,

lhNnf k|x/L sfo{no, l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

k|x/L sfo{nodf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb| /x]sf] 5 . o;afx]s k|x/Lsf] k'/} l6d afn ;+/If0fsf] k|of;df 5 . vf;

u/]/ lhNnfdf afnljjfx, afn >d, e"sDk kl5 afn of}g lx+;f, zfl//Ls lx+;fsf 36gfk|lt cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf, afn ;~hfn / :yfgLo tx;Fu glhs eP/ sfd ub{5 . kl/0ffd t o:tf 36gfx¿ kl5Nnf] ;dodf Go"g x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ .

dfdnf cWoogM %=*


afn arfpm

n afn e]nf ePsf :yfgLo txdf ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] lzz'nfO{ cfdfn]] clgjfo{ ?kdf k"0f{ :tgkfg -cfdfsf] b"w dfq} v'jfpg]_ u/fpg] cleofg rn]sf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ff ePsf :yfgLo txdf of] ;"rs k'/f ePsf] 5 eg] afFsL :yfgLo txdf o;sf] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 .

n afn e]nf ePsf k|foM ;a} :yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf nflu k"0f{ vf]k -l8lk6L, ljl;hL, x]k6fOl6; la, lxa #, bfb'/fsf] dfqf_ lbg] cleofg lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfx¿n] jif{sf] @ k6s le6fldg P SofK;'n v'jfpg] cleofg hf/L 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf ue{jtL cfdfn] bIf :jf:YosdL{af6 ;'Ts]/L u/fpg'kg]{] s'/f a'em]sf 5g\ . s]xL :yfgLo txdf of] lqmofsnfkn] k"0f{tf kfP klg ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cefjsf sf/0f ;a}lt/ k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5}g .

n ue{jtL dlxnfx¿n] slDtdf k|;"lt k"j{ rf/k6s / k|;"lt kZrft cfdf / gjhft lzz'sf] slDtdf # k6s :jf:Yo hfFr u/fpg] ;Gbe{df klg ;';"lrt u/fpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] 5 . afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf of] lqmofsnfk k"/f ePsf] 5 .

n ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L cfdfx¿n] cfO{/g rSsL -hDdf @@% j6f_ vfg], ue{jtL dlxnfn] l66fg; lj?4sf] @ j6f vf]k nufpg] cleofg hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf 3/w'/Ldf lkpg of]Uo vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwf pknJw 5 eg] cGo :yfgdf vfg]kfgL pknJw u/fpg of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfo{Gjogsf txdf 5g\ .

n ;fj'g kfgLn] xft w'g] cleofg klg ;a} :yfgLo txdf hf/L 5 .

n s'kf]if0flj?4sf] cleofg klg hf/L /x]sf] 5 .

afn ;+/If0f

n afnd}qL :yfgLo tx la/f6gu/, ;'gjn / a}t8Lsf] tTsfnLg l;4]Zj/ uflj;df ;a} afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ u/fpg] cleofgn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] 5 eg] bfªsf] 3f]/fxL / k;f{sf] tTsfnLg a]Njfdf of] cleofgn] tLa|tf kfPsf] 5 . e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf eg] o;tkm{ Wofg uPsf] kfOG5 .

afn ;+/If0fsf nflu lhNnfsf] kxnafnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf laleGg c;n cEof; eO/x]sf] 5 . lhNnf afn sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ldlt / :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfsf] ;+of]hgdf afn ;+/If0fsf laleGg pkfox¿ ul//x]sf] lhNnf afn sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . lhNnf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{nosL k|d'v ;GWof /fh]Zj/L l;+xsfcg';f/ k|fs[lts ljkb\kl5 afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;r]tgf cleofg ;Fu;Fu} afnaflnsfsf] cf];f/k;f/df laz]if lgu/fgL /fVg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t lhNnfsf] rf/} gfsfdf afnaflnsfsf] ca}w cf];f/k;f/ lj?4 lgoldt r]shfFrsf] Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . ljkb\kl5 afnaflnsfdfly ;a} k|sf/sf b'Jo{jxf/, x]nf, e]befj, lx+;f / zf]if0fsf] dfqf a9\b} uPkl5 afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu of] kxn yflnPsf] xf] .

dfdnf cWoogM %=(


n afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf afn ljjfx z"Gos} cj:yfdf cfPsf] laleGg cg';Gwfgdf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf of] r'gf}lt sfod 5 .

n lgs[i6 k|sf/sf] afn>d afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf Go"lgs/0f ePsf] 5, t/ e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf eg] of] r'gf}lts} laifo 5 .

n 3/kl/jf/ / ;d'bfoaf6 afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, j]rljvg, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/sf lj?4 hgr]tgf clea[l4 eP klg of] klg Ps r'gf}lt ;a} :yfgLo txdf b]lvG5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t afn ;+/If0f k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . t/ lqmoflzntfsf] kIfdf r'gf}lt /x]sf] 5 .

afn ljsf;

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf k|f/lDes afn ljsf; sIfsf] Joa:yf eP klg e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf ef}lts ;+/rgf r'gf}lt 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf sIff ! sf] nflu ljBfno hfg] pd]/ ;d"xsf ;a} afnaflnsf ljBfno egf{ ug]{ cleofg hf/L 5 . t/ s]xL lhNnfdf eg] r'gf}lt b]lvPsf] 5 .

n cf}krfl/s lzIffaf6 j+l~rt afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIff lbg] k|aGw ;a} :yfgLo txdf b]lvGg .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf ;a} ljBfnodf 5fq 5fqfsf] nflu cnu cnu zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf ePsf] cjnf]sgaf6 b]lvG5 . t/ e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf eg] k"jf{wf/x¿ lgdf{0fflwg /x]sf] kfOG5 .

afn ;xeflutf

n afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf lg0f{o k|lqmofdf !@ b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;+:yfut ;xeflutfsf nflu j8f txb]lv g} afn e]nf, j8f gful/s d~r, PsLs[t of]hgf th{'df ;ldlt, gu/:t/Lo afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;ldlth:tf ;+oGq ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;+oGq a]Njf / 3f]/fxLdf klg pknJw 5 . t/, e"sDk k|efljt lhNnf bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, g'jfsf]6 / uf]vf{df eg] o;tkm{ kxn dfq yflnPsf] 5 .

afnd}qLaf6 w]/} l;Sg' 5– ;/:jtL sf]nL, pkk|d'v, kf6g gu/kflnsf, j}t8L

afnd}qL uflj; 3f]lift a}t8L lhNnfsf] l;4]Zj/ uflj;sf gofF lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lsf] l;sfOsf] ynf] ag]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] k'g;{+/rgfkl5 of] uflj; kf6g gu/kflnsfdf uflePsf] 5 . ;fljs l;4]Zj/ uflj; kf6g gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ * / ( ag]sf] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf pkk|d'v ;/:jtL sf]nL afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ff ePsf ;fljs l;4]Zj/af6 w]/} l;Sg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 . oxfFsf] l;sfOaf6 l;+uf] gu/kflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL agfpF5f}+ . afnaflnsfn] g} xfdLnfO{ l;sfO/x]sf 5g\ . afne]nfsf s'/fx¿ lel8of] x/]/ w]/} hfgsf/L ePsf] ToxfFsf j8fcWoIf / ;b:ox¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .

dfdnf cWoogM %=!)


n ;a} :yfgLo txsf] tTsfnLg aflif{s of]hgfdf afnaflnsfsf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

n ;'gjn, la/f6gu/, l;4]Zj/, 3f]/fxL / a]Njfsf k|fyflds ljBfnoafx]ssf ;a} ljBfnosf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf afnaflnsfnfO{ cfdGq0f u/L pgLx¿sf] cfjfh ;'lgg] Joj:yf ;+:yfut tj/af6 ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . t/ e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf of] cleofgnf] ;fy{stf kfPsf] 5}g .

n ;'gjn, la/f6gu/, l;4]Zj/, 3f]/fxL / a]Njfsf :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf afn Snasf]] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] kl/kf6L ;'? ePsf] 5 t/ e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf eg] gLltut c:ki6tf hgfpFb} ;xefuL u/fOPsf] 5}g .

n ;'gjn, la/f6gu/, l;4]Zj/, 3f]/fxL / a]Njfdf ufpF tyf gu/:t/Lo afn ;~hfn agfOPsf] 5 . / s]xL e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf ljBfno:t/Lo afn Sna dfq u7g ePsf] 5 . To;}sf cfwf/df agfOPsf ;~hfnx¿ lqmoflzn /x] klg ;d'bfo / j8f txdf afn Sna u7g ul/Psf] 5}g . pgLx¿df cled"lvs/0fsf] cefj klg b]lvG5 .

n g'jfsf]6 / bf]nvfafx]s ;a} lhNnfdf lhNnf:t/Lo afn ;+hfn 5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo txdf dfq afnd}qL cfrf/;+lxtf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . cGo :yfgLo txdf cfrf/;+lxtf agfpg] qmd hf/L /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

n afnd}qL 3f]lift :yfgLo txafx]s cGo :yfgLo txdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|j4{g ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5}g . of] u7gsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf] a'lemPsf] 5 .

n s]xL :yfgLo txsf ljBfnox¿df ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt lqmofzLn /x]klg lzIff P]gsf] km]/abn / :yfgLo txsf] k"g;+/rgfsf sf/0f Joa:yfkg ;ldlt alg g;s]sf] b]lvG5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf afn ljsf; s]Gb|, afn sIff tyf k"j{ k|fylds sIffx¿ ;+rfng ePsf] cjnf]sgaf6 yfxf ePsf] 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf ljBfno :t/sf] Sna u7g ePsf 5g\ . t/ ;d'bfo:t/sf] Affn Sna eg] alg;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo txsf] k';{/rgf kl5 ylkPsf] j8fdf afnSnjsf] lj:tf/ ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 .

ljlgof]hg ljw]os agfP/ afnd}qL cleofgafne]nfaf6 cfPsf ;jfn / ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ bf]nvf lhNnfsf] eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsfn] ljlgof]hg ljw]os :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . @)&$ c;f/ @$ ut] ;DkGg gu/;efaf6 kfl/t ljlgof]hg ljw]oscg';f/ ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu ! s/f]8 !( nfv #! xhf/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO, v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hgnufotdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . oxL zLif{saf6 afnd}qL cleofg ;~rfng x'g]5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v -d]o/_ e/taxfb'/ s];Ln] afnd}qL ;d[l4sf] ofqf ePsfn] gu/;efn] ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . afnd}qL cleofgnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ of]hgfdf ;d]6\b} nlug] pxfFn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

dfdnf cWoogM %=!!


n ;a} :yfgLo txdf Kof/flnun sldl6, ;fd'bflos dWo:ytf ;ldlt / uflj;:t/Lo afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt /x]sf] / tL sldl6x¿ afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf lqmofzLn /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf tTsfnLg ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt aflif{s of]hgf eP klg :yfgLo txsf] k"g;+/rgfkZrft cGof}n b]lvG5 .

%=%= afnaflnsfsf cfjfh ;'g'jfOsf qmddf b]vf k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿ afnd}qL zf;g 3f]lift / cjnDag ul//x]sf ( lhNnfsf !# :yfgLo txdf afnaflnsfsf] cfjfhsf] ;'g'jfO{ u/L ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|of; hf/L /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ klg tL :yfgLo txdf s]xL r'gf}lt klg 5g\ .

gLltut r'gf}lt

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g cjnDag ug]{ gLltut lg0f{o tTsfnLg :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;+/rgfut k|0ffnL cGtu{t ePsf] xf] . of] lg0f{odf ;a{klIfo /fhgLlts ;xdlt eP klg ;+ljwfgtM lgjf{lrt :yfgLo txsf] gofF g]t[Tjsf] sfo{z}nL / of]hgfdf e/ kb{5 . o; sf/0f gofF lgaf{lrt g]t[Tjaf6 ckgTj u|x0f x'g' kg]{ x'G5 .

n :yfgLo tx ;~rfng x'g] ;+3Lo sfg"g, To; kl5 aGg] k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] dfu{bz{g ;d]l6Psf] x'g' kg]{ x'G5 .

n :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ @@ Psn / !% j6f ;femf ;"rLdf sltko laifox¿ afnd}qL zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . o;df vf;u/]/ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, ;xeflutf, ;+/If0fsf laifodf :yfgLo tx cfkm}n] sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] x'Fbf :yfgLo txsf] sfg"g lgdf{tfx¿df afnd}qL cjwf/0ff;DaGwL ;xdt / k|f]T;lxt x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 .

n xfnsf] k|rngdf /x]sf afnd}qL zf;gsf gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwx¿ ;+qmd0fdf /x]sfn] o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu ePsf gLltut lg0f{o 7f]; gx'g ;S5 .

n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o d~rdf JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tf / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL,

lj/f6gu/sL klxnf] 5f]/LnfO{ eQf lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] gu/;efn] dxfgu/leq klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/L hGdfpg] bDktLnfO{ # xhf/ ?k}ofF eQf lbg] ePsf] 5 . 5f]/f / 5f]/LaLr lje]b x6fpg dxfgu/n] of] gf}nf] / gofF lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . dxfgu/n] tLg ca{ #* s/f]8 *( nfv @! xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] jflif{s ah]6 kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . gu/ k|d'v eLd k/fh'nLsf cg';f/, dxfgu/sf b'O{ ;fd'bflos / Ps db/;fnfO{ %) nfv lbP/ gd'gf agfpg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . lj/f6gu/df gofF /S;L k;n vf]Ng glbg] ePsf] 5 . /S;L k;n /flt ( ah] clgjfo{ aGb ug{'kb{5 . lj/f6gu/df 3/]n' /S;L pTkfbg / a]rlavg k|ltaGw 5 . oL lg0f{o afnaflnsfsf dfuadf]lhd ePsf x'g\ .

dfdnf cWoogM %=!@


!(*( df g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]cg';f/ sfo{Gjogdf cfPsf] xf] . o;cg';f/ g]kfnsf] bLuf] lasf; nIo;Fu klg ;DalGwt /x]sfn] ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] gLltdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g;DaGwL gLlt ;d]6]g' kb{5 .

Jojxfl/s r'gf}ltx¿ n afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g 3f]if0ff ePsf :yfgLo txdf k'/f ePsf ;"rsx¿sf] lg/Gt/tf lbg lg/Gt/ lqmoflzntfsf]

vfFrf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] ef}uf]lns ;Ldfsf] x]/km]/sf sf/0f klg gofF uflePsf j8fx?df of] cleofg ;'? ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .

n w]/} :yfgLo txdf lkpg of]Uo vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwfsf] pknJwtfsf nflu 7"nf] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{' kg]{ cj:yf 5 . t/fO{ e]usf :yfgLo txdf vfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t e"ldut ;|f]t ePsfn] tL ;|f]tdf st} st} cf;{lgs km]nf k/]sf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] 5nkmnsf qmddf hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] lyof] . o:tf 3/w'/LnfO{ z'4 lkpg] kfgL pknJw ug{ la/f6gu/ / a]Njfsf] ;Gbe{df r'gf}ltk"0f{ b]lvG5 .

n cfGtl/s a;fO{;/fO{sf sf/0f afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf pknJwLnfO{ arfO{ /fVg r'gf}ltk"0f{ b]lvG5 . vf;u/]/ afn >d, afn ljjfx h:tf laifodf ;a} :yfgLo txdf hf]lvd sfod /xG5 .

n ;a} :yfgLo txdf afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, j]rljvg, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/ sfod /x]sfn] o;sf lj?4 lg/Gt/ sfo{ x'g h?/L 5 .

n s]xL :yfgLo txdf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ tyf dfbskbfy{ a]rlavgdf afnaflnsfnfO{ k|ltaGw nufPsf] eP tfklg of] sfo{ /f]Sg lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ b]lvG5 .

n d'n'se/ afn e]nfdfkm{t\ afn ljjfx lj?4sf] cfjfhn] k|efjsf/L glthf lbPsf] 5 . tyflk xfn;Dd klg afn ljjfx lgif]wsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .

5nkmn M g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] k~rsGof ufpFkflnsfl:yt ;fljs sljnf;df afnd}qL zf;g;DaGwL 5nkmn ul/Fb} .


%=^= lgisif{ hxfF hxfF afn e]nf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\, ToxfF afnaflnsfnfO{ Ps :yfgdf hDdf eP/ kl/ro ug]{, Ps :yfgLo OsfO leq e]63f6 ug]{ / :yfgLo txaf6 k|afx eO/x]sf ;]jf k|afxaf/] hfGg] a'em\g] cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;}af6 afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf ;d:of, cfjZostf, / rfxgfx¿sf af/]df ljrf/ /fVg] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . afn e]nfaf6 pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf jf:tljs cfjZostf / k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ .

afn e]nfn] d"ntM pk]lIft ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfsf] dfu / rfxgfnfO{ phfu/ ug]{ u/]sf] / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿n] pgLx¿sf] cfjfh ;DalGwt txsf] of]hgf k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ug]{ ePsfn] afn e]nf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxtsf] kIfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . afn e]nfn] afnaflnsfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{ / ;dfh ?kfGt/0fdf of]ubfg lbg] tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;'zf;g k|a4{g ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] kfOG5 .

afn e]nfsf sf/0f :yfgLo tx vf;u/]/ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ afnaflnsf s]lGb|t x'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . w]/} :yfgLo txsf tTsfnLg ;+/rgfx¿ ;f] cg's"n aGb} uPsf] k[i7e"lddf cfufdL ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo gLltx¿n] klg o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|sf/sf gLltut Joa:yf ug{' kb{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o txdf JoQm u/]sf] bLuf] lasf; nIo k'/f ug{ / xfd|} 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ ;sf/fTds lbzftkm{ cufl8 a9fpg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afn clwsf/ dxf;GwL, !(*( / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf adf]lhd afn clwsf/nfO{ k|a4{g ug]{ sfo{ lautsf] cEof;af6 l;Sb} cufl8 a9\g'sf] ljsNk g/x]sf] o; ;du| cj:yfn] k'li6 ub{5 .

k|ltj4tf M bfª lhNnfsf] 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf afnd}qL zf;g;DaGwL k|ltj4tf /fVb} gu/k|d'v g?nfn rf}w/L tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? .


;Gbe{ ;|f]tx¿ n PS;g P8 g]kfn -@)^&_, :yfgLo nf]stGq lgdf{0f, gful/s lzIff ;|f]t k'l:tsf .

n s]Gb|Lo afn sNof0f ;ldlt, xl/x/ ejg -@)&!_ afnd}qL uflj;, cjwf/0ff / cEof; .

n s]b|Lo afn sNof0f ;ldlt -@)&@_, g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf] l:ylt, @)&@

n 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf sfo{no, bfª -@)&#_, gu/ ljsf; of]hgf

n lhNnf k|x/L sfo{no rl/sf]6, bf]nvf -ldlt pNn]v gePsf]_, afn clwsf/ Pad\ JolQmout ;'/Iff;DaGwL hfgsf/L k'l:tsf .

n lhNnf lzIff sfo{no df]/ª -@)^(_, db/zf ljBfnosf] Joa:yfkg tyf ;~rfng -cfrf/ ;+lxtf_ sfo{ljlw, @)^( .

n afn ;xelutfdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx¿sf] ;femf ;d"x -sG;f]{6Lod_ @)!), afn ;xeflutf k|a4{gsf nflu ljBdfg sfg"gL Pad\ gLltut Joa:yf / ;/sf/sf sfo{qmd .

n la/f6gu/ pk dxfgu/kflnsf, df]/ª -@)^^_, afnd}qL gu/ PsLs[t sfo{d"ns of]hgf .

n dL/]i6 g]kfn -@)&@_ afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf nflu ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf nflu tflnd lgb]{lzsf .

n dL/]i6 g]kfn -@)^(_, j8f gful/s d~r, hfgsf/L k'l:tsf .

n g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{ dGqfno -@)&@_, cfly{s ;a]{If0f @)&@–&# .

n g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@, g]kfn ;/sf/ sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dGqfno, sfg"g lstfj Joa:yf ;ldlt .

n g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfno -@)&@_, afn ljjfx cGTosf nflu /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@ .

n g]kfn ;/sf/ dGqL kl/ifbsf] sfo{no -@)&#_ ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/ ;"rLsf] afF8kmfF8 / lj:t[tLs/0f .

n g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf] l7dL -@)&@_ e"sDk kl5sf] cfktsfnLg cj:yfdf lzIffnosf] Joa:yfkg .

n g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno -@)&#_, tTsfn ;'wf/sf] sfo{ of]hgf -@)&@÷&#–@)&#÷&$ .

n g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff dGqfno, -@)^&_, eod'Qm l;sfO{ jftj/0fsf nflu gLltut Joa:yf .

n g]kfnsf] e"sDk ;g\ @)!%, lkl8PgP, g]kfn ;/sf/, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, h'g @)!% .

n g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf ;g\ @)!!

n g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno -@)&@_ ;'/lIft ljBfnosf nflu ;fem]bf/L .

n g]kfn /fhkq -@)&#_ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf @)&# kmfu"g @& ut] . v08 ^^, ;+Vof %*, efu $ df k|sflzt .

n /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -@)&#_, rf}wf} of]hgf -cfly{s aif{ @)&#÷&$ –@)&%÷&^_

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&# ck|sflzt_ afn e]nf ;xhLs/0f ;|f]t k'l:tsf .

n :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, /fli6«o :jf:Yo lzIff, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno -@)&!_, dft[, lzz' tyf afNosfnLg kf]if0f, ;~rf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&!–@)&%_, ;'gf}nf xhf/ lbgx¿ .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_, afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo 3f]if0ff, ;/nLs[t xft] k'l:tsf .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&#_, afn e]nf ;~rfng ubf{ kfngf ug{' kg]{ s'/fx¿ .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^*_, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^*_, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)^* .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&@_, :yfgLo ;'zf;gsf cEof;x¿ .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)^(_ :yfgLo lgsfo ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf Joa:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)^( .

n ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&$_ :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng ;DaGwdf hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z, @)&$ .

n ;''zf;g - Joa:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ P]g, @)^$, g]kfn ;/sf/ sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dGqfno, sfg"g lstfj Joa:yf ;ldlt .

n ;'gjn gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{no -@)&!_ ;'gjn gu/kflnsfsf] afnaflnsfsf] l:yltkq–@)&! .

n ;]e b lrN8«]g / c?x? -@)&@_, e"sDk kl5 g]kfnL afnaflnsfsf cfjfh .

n o'lg;]km g]kfn / dL/]i6 g]kfn -@)&@_ afd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf c;n cEof;

n Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (2016), Nepal and The Millennium Development Goals, Final Status

Reports 2000-2015.

n Ministry Of Education -2016) A study of Child Friendly School in Nepal .

n UNICEF Nepal (2016), Good Practicees on Child-Centred Disaster Risk Reduction.


cg';"rL–!M k|ltj]bg n]vsx?gfd :yfgLo tx

>L aL/f u8fn ;fljs l;4]Zj/ uflj;, a}t8L

>L ;'lzn a:g]t / >L zld{nf l8;L 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf, bfª

>L bLk]Gb| k|hfklt ;fljs a]Njf uflj;, k;f{

>L ;fhg kf;jfg la/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf

>L uf]s0f{ e08f/L eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf, bf]nvf

>L ;'jf; of]~hg ;fljs af]r uflj;, bf]nvf

>L bLks cof{n rf}tf/f ;fFufrf]su9L gu/kflnsf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

>L ;/f]h 9'+ufgf ;fljs 7"nf] l;?jf/L uflj;, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

>L udnf nfdf lab"/ gu/kflnsf, g'jfsf]6

>L ch{'g tfdfª ;fljs sljnf; uflj;, g'jfsf]6

>L eLdnfn >]i7 uf]/vf gu/kflnsf, uf]/vf

>L lzj pk|]tL ;fljs b]p/fnL uflj;, uf]/vf

>L df]xg kf}8]n ;'gjn gu/kflnsf, gjnk/f;L


cg';"rL–@M cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsfx?dWo]sf s]xL gfdfjnL

! lj/f6gu/

qm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L eLd k/fh'nL, gu/ k|d'v, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf .

@= >L p4j cof{n, j8f cWoIf, lj/f6gu/kflnsf j8fgDa/ !

# >L dfwj /fo, j8f cWoIf, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf–!)

$= >L gld/f ;]s, j8f cWoIf, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf–!!

%= >L lx/fnfn sfdt, j8f cWoIf, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf–!@

^= >L /fh]z df:s], ;+of]hs, ;+o'Qm 6f]n ;+u7g, lj/f6gu/

& >L l8NnL lwdfn k|d'v, ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvf, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf .

*= >L bLks sf]O/fnf, sfo{sf/L clws[t, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsf

(= >L b'uf{ e08f/L, a/fn k|d'v dlxnf ljsf; clws[t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no df]/ª

!) >L ;~hLj xfª lnDa" cWoIf, afn ;~hfn lj/f6gu/

!! >L >L ;/:jtL u'?ª, afnclwsf/sdL{

@= a]Njf


! >L zDe" s'zjfx ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[t, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt

@ >L clgtf bxfn If]qLo k|d'v, o'lg;]km g]kfn

# >L dfwj a/fn sfo{qmd clws[t, o'lg;]km g]kfn .

$ >L zld{nf kf}8]n k/fdz{bftf, o'lg;]km g]kfn

% >L ;~ho dxtf] ;lrj, afn ;~hfn a]Njf

^ >L ;fljqLs'df/L e08f/L afn ;+/If0f clws[t, lhNnf afn sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ldlt

& >L bLks bxfn ;z:q k|x/L lg/LIfs, ;z:q k|x/L an, lhtk'/ af/f

* >L e}/j v8\sf k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs, k|x/L rf}sL ldngrf]s .

( >L clgn ;'j]bL j8f ;lrj, ;fljs a]Njf, k;f{ .

!) >L ;f]gd v8\sf ;xhstf{, jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsf

!! >L /]Zdf uf}/ cWoIf, afn ;~hfn, a]Njf

!@ >L cf/tL klGhof/ ;fdflhs kl/rfns, a]Njf, k;f{ .

!# >L h+uaxfb'/ ;fx k|wfgfWofks, g]kfn /fli6«o dflj, a]Njf

!$ >L cxdb l/hg cG;f/L OGrfh{, a]Njf k;f}{gL :jf:Yo rf}sL, k;f{ .

!% >L /dfbQ ofbj OlGhlgo/, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg sfof{no, k;f{ .


# ;'gjn


! >L eLdaxfb'/ yfkf, IfqL k|d"v, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf

@ >L z]ifsfGt clwsf/L j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !), ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

# >L jL/axfb'/ u'?ª j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ $, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

$ >L ydgl;+x g]kfnL j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ %, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

% >L /fh]Gb| ofbj j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ @, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

^ >L ljgk|sfz a'9fyf]sL j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf

& >L odnfn kf08]o j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !@, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

* >L s0f{axfb'/ ;]g j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ #, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf

( >L s[i0fk|;fb b]jsf]6f j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !#,

!) >L /rgf e';fn, cWoIf afn ;~hfn ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

!! >L ;'lDgdf kGyL afnd}qL ;xhstf{ ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

!@ >L ljkgf zdf{ k"j{cWoIf, afn ;~hfn, ;'gjn .

!# >L zld{nf kf}8]n k/fdz{bftf, o'lg;]km g]kfn

!$ >L uf}dfof u'?ª ;fdflhs kl/rfns, ;'gjn gu/kflnsf .

!% >L pa{/f n'OF6]n k|d'v, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, gjnk/f;L .

!^ >L r'/fdl0f g]kfn k|d'v, ;'gjn :jf:Yo rf}sL .

!& >L xf]dgfy ;'j]bL k|wfgfWofks, >L /dfjfk'/ dfWolds ljBfno, ;'gjn .

!* >L ;~hos'df/ >]i7 ;+of]hs, gu/ afn ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ;ldlt, ;'gjn .

l;4]Zj/, a}t8Lqm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L ;/:jtL sf]nL pkk|d"v, kf6g gu/kflnsf .

@ >L k[YjL/fh kGt j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ *, kf6g gu/kflnsf .

# >L b]j]Gb| s'Fj/ j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !), kf6g gu/kflnsf .

$ >L k|]d lji6 j8f ;lrj, kf6g gu/kflnsf—*, l;4]Zj/ .

% >L ;l/tf cj:yL j8f ;lrj, j8f gDa/ *, kf6g gu/kflnsf .

^ >L k|]dl;+x ef6 cWoIf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, a}t8L .

& >L d~h' jfUn] sfo{qmd clws[t, o'lg;]km g]kfn, 88]nw'/f

* >L dbgl;+x af]x/f OGrfh{, l;4]Zj/ :jf:Yo rf}sL, vf]8k], a}t8L .

( >L clgtf a'9f P]/ k|d'v dlxnf ljsf; clws[t, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, a}t8L .

!) >L hgsaxfb'/ wfdL k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs, k|x/L rf}sL vf]8k], a}t8L

!! >L ts{/fh e§ k|wfgfWofks, 1fg]Zj/ dfWolds ljBfno, ljhok'/ a}t8L .


% g'jfsf]6 qm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L ;~h' kl08t k|d'v, ljb'/ gu/kflnsf .

@ >L uLtfs'df/L bfxfn pkk|d'v ljb'/ gu/kflnsf .

# >L ;Ltf k/fh'nL v8\sf pkfWoIf, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf .

$ >L b'uf{k|;fb rfln;] sfo{sf/L clws[t, ljb'/ gu/kflnsf .

% >L hLjg k'8f;}gL ;"rgf clws[t, lhNnf afn sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ldlt, g'jfsf]6 .

^ >L afa'/fd nfld5fg] k|wfgfWofks, k[YjL dflj, ljb'/ g'jfsf]6 .

& >L g/]z k'8f;}gL sfo{sf/L clws[t, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf, g'jfsf]6

* >L w|'jk|;fb ld> j8f cWoIf, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf–@ .

* >L dx]Gb|axfb'/ g]kfn j8f ;lrj, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf–@ .

( >L w|'jk|;fb ld> k|wfgfWofks, sflnsf dflj, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf .

!) >L /fd]Zj/ ld> k|wfgfWofks, gj;~hLjgL dflj, k~r]Zj/ ufpFkflnsf

^ l;Gw'kfNrf]s qm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L cdgl;+x tfdfª k|d'v, rf}tf/f ;fFufrf]su9L gu/kflnsf

@ >L pdfsfGt clwsf/L sfo{sf/L clws[t, rf}tf/f ;fFufrf]su9L gu/kflnsf .

# >L /fh'efO >]i7 jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

$ >L /ljGb| s];L k|x/L pk/LIfs, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

% >L x]d/fh km'ofFn ;xfos k|lhc lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

^ >L ;f]daxfb'/ ;fksf]6f k"j{cWoIf, u};; dxf;+3 l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

& >L od'gfk|;fb zfx afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g kmf]sn k;{g, l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

* >L lji0f'k|;fb rf}a] k|lzIfs, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g

( >L ;GWof/fh]Zj/L l;+x k|d'v, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no

!) >L dljg 3n] jN8{ lehg

!! >L /fdk|;fb uf}td j8f cWoIf, rf}tf/f ;fFufrf]su9L gu/kflnsf, !# gDa/ j8f .

!@ >L lzjaxfb'/ s];L cWoIf, afn ;+/If0f ;ldlt, 7"nf]l;?jf/L

!# >L xl/ljqmd g]kfn k|wfgfWofks, ;]tLb]jL dflj ;Gw'kfNrf]s

!$ >L tf/fb]jL /fgf k|wfgfWofks, u0f]z dflj l;Gw'kfNrf]s


& bf]nvf qm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L e/taxfb'/ s];L k|d'v, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf .

@ >L sdnf a:g]t pkk|d'v, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf

# >L z+s/ g]kfn :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, bf]nvf .

$ >L ef]h/fh vltj8f sfo{sf/L clws[t, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf .

% >L gs"n s];L j8f cWoIf, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf—* .

^ >L sfd]Zj/ rf}nfufO+{ hg:jf:Yo clws[t, lhNnf hg :jf:Yo zfvf, bf]nvf

& >L ch'{g sfsL{ zfvf clws[t, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no bf]nvf .

* >L k|]d;fu/ s];L k|x/L lg/LIfs, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no bf]nvf .

( >L 1fg's'df/ v8\sf afnd}qL kmf]sn k;{g, eLd]Zj/ gkf

!) >L dfwjk|;fb ;'j]bL k|zf;sLo clws[t, eLgkf

!! >L ;'/]z /fjt OlGhlgo/, eLgkf

!@ >L xl/j+z rf}nfufO{+ j8f cWoIf, eLd]Zj/–$

!# >L gjLg nfdf j8f cWoIf, eLd]Zj/–^

!$ >L ;l/tf e08f/L j8f ;lrj, eLd]Zj/ gu/kflnsf * gDa/

!% >L s?0ff a:g]t k|wfgfWofks, b]jL pRrdflj .

!^ >L piff a:g]t ;fdflhs kl/rfns, af]r

!& >L ;'hf{ bxfn afn ;+/If0f clws[t, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no bf]nvf

*= bfªqm;+ gfd kb / 7]ufgf

! >L g?nfn rf}w/L gu/ k|d"v, 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf

@ >L ;Ltf Gofkg] pk k|d"v, 3f]/fxL pkdxfgu/kflnsf

# >L /d]zs'df/ kf08] j8f cWoIf, j8f gDa/ !% 3f]/fxL

$ >L lgd{n g]kfnL clwjQmf,

% >L laZjdl0f hf]zL k|d"v, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, bfª .

^ >L e"jg]Zj/ ltjf/L k|x/L gfoa pkl/Ifs, lhNnf k|x/L sfo{no, bfª .

* >L s'naxfb'/ lh;L :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L

( >L afns[i0f vgfn ;fdflhs ljsf; clws[t

!) >L cd//fh zdf{ k|zf;sLo clws[t lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no

!! >L s[i0fk|;fb ;fksf]6f sfo{sf/L clws[t, 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf


!@ >L >Lw/ 1jfnL afn;+/If0f clws[t, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no

!# >L ljls/0f uf}td cWoIf -bfË_ lxdfnog zflGt tyf ljsf; cleofg g]kfn,

!$ >L ;'af]w /]UdL zfvf clws[t, 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf

!% >L ;/nf /fjt ;fdflhs kl/rfns j8f g+ ^

!^ >L /fh]Gb|s'df/ >]i7 k|wfgfWofks, afnalsf; dfWolds ljBfno

!& >L cfly{s /f]Ssfdu/ cWoIf, afnSna, afnalsf; dfWolds ljBfno

!* >L k"l0f{df 3tL{du/ ljBfyL{, afnalsf; dfWolds ljBfno

!( >L sljtf zdf{ :6fkm gz{, gu/ :jf:Yo s]Gb| 3f]/fxL

( uf]/vf

qm ;= gfd kb

!= >L /fhg/fh kGt gu/ k|d"v, uf]vf{ gu/kflnsf .

@ >L aLgf >]i7, pk k|d"v uf]vf{ gu/kflnsf .

# >L hLjgaxfb'/ cfn]du/ sfo{sf/L clws[t uf]/vf gu/kflnsf

$ >L anaxfb'/ kGt k"j{ uflj; ;lrj, dh'jf b]p/fnL

% >L /d]z 9sfn j8f ;lrj, ;fljs b]p/fnL uflj;

^ >L xl/dfgl;+x a:g]t :jf:Yo k|d'v, b]p/fnL :jf:Yo rf}sL

& >L ;Demgf >]i7 ;fdflhs ljsf; kl/rfns, :yfgLo :jf= lj= sfo{qmd b]p/fnL

* >L dLgs'df/ >]i7 sfo{no ;xfos, b]p/fnL uflj; sfof{no

( >L czf]s ljZjsdf{ ;Nnfxsf/, b]p/fnL afnSna ;+hfn

!) >L /fwf kl/of/ cWoIf, b]p/fnL afn;~hfn ;ldlt

!! >L u0f]zs'df/ >]i7 k|=c=, /fdzfx dflj

!@ >L zDe'k|;fb g/fn ;+of]hs, j8f gful/s d~r, j8f g+ *

!# >L OZj/L g/fn ljBfyL{, afnalsf; dfWolds ljBfno

!$ >L k"hf g/fn ljBfyL{, sIff ( >L/fd zfx dflj

!% >L ;'lznf jfUn] dlnf ljsf; clws[t tyf afn sNof0fsf/L ;ldltsf ;b:o;lra, dlxnf tyf jfnaflnsf sfo{no uf]/vf .

!^ >L /xd t'Nnfx ldof j8f cWoIf uf]gkf —@

!& >L lxDdt axfb'/ s'Fj/ j8f cWoIf, uf]gkf !

!* >L /lGhnf >]i7 sfo{kflnsf ;b:o, uf]gkf

!( >L ;fljqf yfkf k'nfdL, sfo{kflnsf ;b:o, uf]gkf

@) >L uLtf yfkf du/ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o, uf]gkf,

@! >L lszf]/h+u yfkf cWoIf, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, uf]/vf .

@@ >L s[i0f axfb'/ >]i7 j8f cWoIf, uf]gkf *


@# >L k'?if]Qd afa' e6\6/fO{ k|wfgfWofks, ;/:jtL dflj uf]/vf .

@$ M>L /d]z 9sfn ;+o'Qm j8f ;lra, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !# / !$ gDa/ j8f

@$ >L x/Laxfb'/ vgfn j8fcWoIf, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf gu/kflnsf—!# .

@^ >L /fd axfb'/ v8\sff j8f cWoIf, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf gu/kflnsf—!$ .

@& >L jLgf s}gL sfo{kflnsf ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf .

@* >L w'a k|;fb l3ld/] jftfj/0f clws[t, uf]/vf gu/kf;lnsf .

@( >Lg/ axfb'/ du/ j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !$

#) >Ls]za b]jsf]6f j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !$

#! klaq ljs j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !$

#@ >L cf]d axfb'/ bnf{dL du/ j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !#

## >L k"0f{ dfof b/fO{ j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !#

#$ >Lg/ axfb'/ du/ j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !#

#% >L ;'ldqf kl/of/ j8f ;b:o, uf]/vf gu/kflnsf !#

#^ >L /fwf kl/of/ cWoIf, b]p/fnL afn ;Ghfn .

#& >Lan axfb'/ kGy k"j{ uflj; ;lra, b]/fnL


;+lIfKtLs/0f

uflj;M ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt

gkfM gu/kflnsf

pk–dgkfM pkdxfgu/kflnsf

dgkfM dxfgu/kflnsf

lhlj;M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

lh;;M lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt

ufkfM ufpF kflnsf

;+ljwfgM g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@

:yfgLo txM ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, dxfgu/kflnsf, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt

u};;M u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf

cu};;M cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf

o'lg;]kmM o'gfO6]8 g];G; lrN8«]g kmG8

P;8LhLP; ;:6]g]jn 8]en]kd]G6 uf]N;

jflif{s of]hgfM :yfgLo txsf] ;DalGwt gu/;ef jf ufpF;efaf6 kfl/t ePsf] jflif{s of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd k'l:tsf

:yfgLo lgsfoM ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / lhlj;

dxf;GwLM afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*(

dL/]i6 g]kfnM clwsf/, ;dtf tyf ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu cfd;~rf/ cleofg

cfb]z M :yfgLo txsf] zf;g ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL cfb]z, @)&$

;xof]u

k|sfzs

dL/]i6 g]kfnkf6g9f]sf, nlntk'/

kf]i6 aS; g+= *(&% O{lk;L !*%#, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g g+= )!–%@^)%%@

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afne]nf ;~rfng / ;xhls/0f -...

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