Association of African Economic and Development-AFRECO SUMMIT | 2016

Managing African Urban Risks for Sustainable Development

Mebeelo Kafungwa

United Nations University Student

1December, 11, 2016 @Sofia University

World Population Trends

Share of African Urban Population Living in Slums by Country

Source: UN world population prospects: The 2015 revision provided by United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), 2016

Asia55%

Africa9%

Europe22%

Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)

7%Northern America

7%Oceania

1%

Year 1950Total: 2,526 billion

Asia60%Afr

ica16%

Europe10%

Latin America and the Carib-

bean(LAC) 9%

Northern America5%

Oceania1%

Year 2016Total: 7,433 billion

Asia54%

Africa25%

Eu-rope

7%

Latin

Amer-ica and the Car-ibbean(LAC) 8%

Northern America4%

Oceania1%

year 2050Total: 9.726 billion

Asia44%

Africa39%

Europe6%

Latin Amer-ica and

the Carib-bean(L

AC) 6%

Northern America4%

Oceania1%

year 2100Total: 11,214 billion

Asia58%

Africa20%

Europe9%

Latin America and the Carib-

bean(LAC) 8%

Northern America5%

Oceania1%

Year 2030total: 8,500 billion

Population estimates (1950–2016) and projected population (2017–2100) by world region, according to the medium fertility scenario

Africa's Transition Scenarios of Rural and Urban Population(millions)

6

Urban Risks to Opportunity, How?Urban Infrastructure and Utility Services in urban slums and cities are key to help create the economies of scale that will draw people and enterprises. But How?

Over CrowdingInformal

HousingLack of Access to

Water Sanitation and

Hygiene

Insecure Tenure

Poor Drainage and

Solid Waste

Management

Inefficient Public Financing

and Taxation

Information Technology,

Communication and Mobility

Poor Health Services

High Energy Demand

Unsustainable Agriculture methods

City Growth Strategic Sustainable Plan

Translates into Economic Development via Building Climate Resilient Infrastructure

Simultaneously Meeting National Targets of 17 UN-SDGs by 2030

Zambia Outlook- 40% Living in Urban Areas(UN Zambia, 2016)Health and Water Sanitation Hygiene Challenges-8.3 % of 2016 National Budget is HealthCare

1. No access to essential drugs vaccines and supplies2.Malnutrition3.Poor social determinants of health

1.Poor hygiene2.Lack clean water and proper sanitation3.Indoor air pollution mostly women and girls4.Poor Drainage and Solid Waste Management

1.High costs of certain treatments or prevention methods

2.Pesticides and fertilizers3.Poor nutrition4.Lifestyle and diets5.Cultural and religious beliefs

1.No easy access to health clinics 2.Not enough health workers3.Climate variability and change4.Service disparities-rural & urban5.Poor physical infrastructure Malaria, Sleeping

Sickness, elephantiasis, helminthiasis,

haemorrhage, obstetric fistula

Diabetes mellitus, Cancer,

cardiovascular, Chronic respiratory

diseases. Mental illness, Depression,

spinal injuries

HIV/AIDS, STIs, Stunting,

diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, measles

Tuberculosis Cholera

Diarrhoea- Waterborne

Bilharzia

Suggested Innovative Solutions to Zambian Health and Hygiene Challenges

- GRZ Health Financing is through general tax and budget support, with no designated revenue stream.

- The Zambian Govt understands urban risks. Constantly committed and investing more each year in Health Sector with 8.3 % percent allocated in 2016 budget.

Breakdown of Health Sector Allocation

Access to WASH services (JMP, 2012):(ZSHP, 2016)– Drinking water coverage: 63% (49% rural and 85% urban)– Sanitation coverage: 43% (34% rural and 56% urban)

Government of Zambia Commitments to Managing Urban Risks in Health-WASH

Constantly Collaborating with NGOs and the International Donor Community via

respective GRZ ministry for Targeted research for Cancer, HIV-AIDS,

Tuberculosis, Malaria, WASH etc.Mother to Child Transmission

Awareness Programmes are been established in all parts of the nation

The ART programme that has 300,000 people on free medication in the

country;

The Dialysis Centre Zambia created at UTH-providing

training to countries in the region;

The private nursing schools in all provincial HQ are been opened

and private medical school (Apex University)

650 health posts under construction

Drainages being made along-side the new roads (L400 and C400) and Link Zambia 8000

projects, to help with sanitation in cities.

Finalizing the 7th National Development Plan 2017-2021 (NDP),… provide

“practical implementation strategies” for the government’s goals to achieve

economic transformation through an “integrated approach” that links key

sectors such as Health and WASH

National Vision 2030

Government Programs:National Health

Strategic plan 2011-2015

National training operational plan

National social health care scheme

National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program

An independent regulator, National Water Supply and

Sanitation Council (NAWASCO)

District Water, Sanitation and Health Education Committees

(DWASHE)

Examples of Solutions to GRZ can Absorb into the Health & WASH Zambian Sectors

Hippo Water Roller-is a drum that can be

rolled on the ground, easier to carry 20kg of

water-Uganda

iCow app- harnessing power of mobile phones for milk

production prevent inbreeding and diseases- Kenya

THE CARDIOPAD- A computer tablet

diagnoses heart disease in rural

households- Cameroon

ETHANOL COOKING OIL PLANT- local cassava into cooking fuel preventing respiratory problems for

women- Mozambique

THE TUTU VAN – mobile screening for

tuberculosis (TB) and HIV into a general

health check-up- South Africa

ORANGE SWEET POTATO-Breeding it to contain betacarotene, to help in

the fight against childhood blindness.-Uganda

Source: African innovations transform continent, 2012 14

The Youth the Future Leaders lets be open

minded and act out hope!

How? Lets perceive current African challenges as opportunities not risks

to run away from and hide.

We came to Learn and Hence we are already Part

of the Solution.

Sustainable African Societies by 2030 and beyond