african-american history : from slavery to segregation ... · 01/03/2018 · abolition of slavery...
TRANSCRIPT
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A FRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY :
from slavery to segregation,
from segregation to
an African-American president
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SLAVERY IN THE U.S. :
from 1619 to 1865
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SLAVERY : the beginnings
The first Africanslaves on theAmerican land :Jamestown,Virginia, 1619
First state to make slavery LEGAL (1641) : Massachusetts
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Work in cotton plantations
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Thomas Jefferson,1743 - 1826
- a political philosopher.
- Work : The Declarationof Independence, 1776.= a manifesto for humanrights
- 1801 – 1809 : the 3rd
president of America.
- Paradox : owner of 200slaves.
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NORTH
SOUTH
free states
slave states
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THE CIVIL WAR : 1861 – 1865Opponents : the Northern states and the Southern
states, on the subject of slavery.
For the abolition of slavery
Against the abolition of slavery
1865 : Victory of the Northern states under the guidance ofPresident Abraham Lincoln.
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Abraham Lincoln
The 16th American president
1863 : wrote the Emancipation Proclamation
→ Slavery abolished
→ Freedom for the black slaves
1864 : Lincoln wasreelected
1865 : Lincoln wasassassinated
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SEGREGATION :
from 1865 to 1964
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SEGREGATION LAWS 1880s – 1960s
passing of laws for racial discrimination
In a few Southern states ,
→ in public transport
→ in schools
→ in public places
= the Jim Crow laws.
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The Ku Klux Klan :
Creation : 1865
a racist, violent organization
→ many black people were killed(hanged/lynched) or were molested
from 1865 to the 30s.
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ROSA PARKS “the first lady of civil rights”
“the mother of the freedom movement”
Arrested on December 1st, 1955 for refusing to give her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
= beginning of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Martin Luther King.
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MARTIN LUTHER KING 1929 – 1968
A clergyman and anactivist in the AfricanAmerican Civil RightsMovement.
His credo: nonviolent civil disobedience.
→ 1955 : organisationof a bus boycott toprotest against RosaParks's arrest.
April 4th, 1968 : he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
→ 1964 : Nobel Peace Prize
→ 1963 : organisationof a demonstration,the March onWashington. Famousspeech : “ I have adream…”
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MALCOLM X 1925 – 1965
Another black leader.
His credo : violent action.
His movement : the Nation of Islam, then the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
February 21st, 1965 : assassinated in New York City, New York
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DESEGREGATION :
from 1954 to early 1980s
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ABOLITION OF SEGREGATION 1964
→ President Johnson (CIVIL RIGHTS ACT)
1951 → desegregation starts in the US Army
Before 1964
1954 → desegregation starts in schools
After 1964
1971 → desegregation starts in housing
1956 → desegregation starts in buses (after Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King)
Problem : it is notaccepted by some of thewhites
→ 1957 : 9 students have to be escorted to school by militaries.
→ 1960 : Ruby Bridges, 6, has to be escorted to school by US Marshalls.→ from then on,
desegregation progresses slowly all over the US.
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FAMOUS AFRICAN AMERICAN PEOPLE
Throughout the years, thanks to desegregation, many black Americans have managedto get famous in various fields.
In entertainment
Josephine BAKER, a singer
Billie HOLIDAY, a jazz singer
Sidney POITIER, an actor
Denzel WASHINGTON, an actor
Michael Jackson, a singer and dancer
Toni MORRISON, a writer and Nobel Prize in literature
… and so many others…
In politics
Martin Luther KING
Malcolm X
…and finallyBarack OBAMA,
44th President of the USAfrom 2008 to 2016
…which shows how things have dramatically changed in a country once organized around slavery and then segregation…