african chicken genetic gains tadelle dessie and jasmine bruno tanzania october 2014 a platform for...
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African Chicken Genetic Gains
Tadelle Dessie and Jasmine Bruno
TanzaniaOctober 2014
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving
tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth in sub-
Saharan Africa
Background
Chicken – in SSA• Large in number and wide in distribution
• Multi-use animals utilized across a range of production systems
• Low-productivity but high-potential for growth
• Critical for income generation, nutrition & women empowerment
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Production Systems in SSA
1. Village production system
2. Small-scale production system
3. Commercial production system
Based on• Objectives of the producer
• Type and number of animals
• Management system followed
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Village Production System
Predominant system in SSA• 60 to 95% of chicken population
• 40 to 90% of meat & egg production
• Source of protein and small cash
• High percent of market
Little attention to the system and animals • Resulting in low productivity• Little improvements to the system/animals
• Resulting in overall inefficiency
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Village production system – yield gap
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
scavenging semi-scavenging Intensive
Indigenous 45 70 150
Hybrid 140 150 250
25
75
125
175
225
275
Eggs per chicken per year
Indigenous Hybrid
Agenda
Objectives 1 - 3
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3
Define and Characterize:• the current smallholder chicken production systems; • germplasm ecotypes; • current realized productivity; • husbandry practices; and • as well as the socio-economic status of poor smallholder chicken
farmers in Nigeria, Tanzania, and Ethiopia
Identify highly productive local African chicken germplasm from the various countries for:
• characterization; • multiplication into stable flocks; and• testing on-station and on-farm
Negotiate access to foreign tropically-adapted chicken germplasm (from India and elsewhere): • characterize and test them under on-station and on-farm
conditions under low-input production to determine productivity in different agro-ecologies
Agenda
Objectives 4 - 6
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Objective 4 Objective 5 Objective 6
Use the information obtained from the survey and the on-station and on-farm testing to:• Define the chicken breeds, phenotypes, and genotypes preferred
by smallholder farmers in terms of:• bird color, • body conformation and temperament, • egg and meat productivity, • overall tropical adaptability under low-input production
systems, and • carcass and meat quality
Develop stable multiplication lines (great grandparents, grandparents, and parent stock) of the farmer-preferred germplasm, and develop IP models to facilitate:
• access to the germplasm by a number of private and public sector multipliers to get the improved chicks into smallholder farmers’ hands
Collect data and samples to: • evaluate and document the impact of the introduction of the
imported germplasm on the diversity of indigenous chicken populations; and
• provide strategic recommendations to inform the global efforts for conservation of indigenous germplasm resources
Agenda
Objectives 7 - 9
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Objective 7 Objective 8 Objective 9
Develop and nurture National Innovation Platforms to facilitate:• private sector access
• the germplasm; and • develop business models for:
• mass-multiplication, • brooding, • vaccination• delivery to farmers, and • develop value chain input delivery systems.
Develop and nurture community and sub-national Innovation Platforms focused on empowering poor smallholder farmers, especially women to:
• Access preferred chicken germplasm; and • Optimize the productivity of the birds under low-input production
environments
Develop a roadmap for using the data and samples collected from the on-station and on-farm germplasm testing to: • Set up longer-term crossbreeding and chicken genetic gains programs in
each country,
• Including application of omics-based strategies for:
• Accelerating the rate of genetic gains under low-input tropical conditions; and
• Development of synthetic crossbred chicken lines.
Agenda
Results & Outcomes 1
Stakeholders (governments, private sector, other development partners) have data-driven
and culturally-relevant insights on the types of chickens that poor farmers, especially women, prefer (e.g., specific
performance and phenotypic traits) across multiple agro-ecological and cultural systems
of the project countries
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Results & Outcomes 2
Through functioning public private partnerships (targeting at least two
operating partnerships per country), smallholders have access
to their preferred breeds that produce at least 200% more than
existing local breeds, with significantly reduced mortality risks
due to proper brooding and pre-vaccination
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Results & Outcomes 3
Demonstrated and well-publicized data showing that the adoption of
the proven chicken genotypes indeed leads to significantly
increased production, productivity, income, and household
consumption among smallholder communities that adopt the
technology
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Results & Outcomes 4
Increased empowerment of women smallholder farmers in the chicken value chain to be seen across rural
communities
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Results & Outcomes 5
A functioning multi-country network of public-private partnerships for
long-term chicken genetic improvement that has both the strategy and capacity to use modern tools to drive
accelerated genetic gains and to deliver more productive, farmer-preferred breeds
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Implementation Plan
November• Project Officially Funded• MOU Signed between ILRI and Project Partners• Implementation Plan and Project Materials Finalize• Private sector engagement in-country
December• ILRI Program Team and Country Teams Formed• Process for Importation of Lines Started (Import permits)• Program Site Selection Finalized in each Country
January• Country Teams Finalize First Draft of Their Implementation Plans• Develop standard protocols for program implementation• ILRI engagement with private sector
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Implementation Plan
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Implementation Plan
February• Program Officially Launched/First Annual Meeting
• In-country Data Collection Teams Finalized
March• In-country Launches
• Baseline data collection begins
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Implementation Plan
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
ACGG Partners and Collaborators
Tanzania• Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)
• Sokoine University of Agriculture
Ethiopia• Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR)
• Haramya University
Nigeria• Federal University of Agriculture in Abeokuta, Nigeria
• Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Cross-country• ILRI, Wageningen University, the Netherlands, PICO East Africa
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Partners
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Tanzania Team
• $1.6 Million over 5 years
• Led by TALIRI and Sokoine University in Tanzania
• Full program launch in Addis in February
• Tanzania country launch in March
• Full engagement of the public and private sectors with a goal of developing a public-private partnership
Background
Objectives
Materials & Methods
Results & Discussion
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Tanzania Activities
Activity Description
Activity 1 Selection of field sites and participating households/farmers
Activity 2 Baseline Survey
Activity 3 Renovation/construction of poultry rearing facilities at TALIRI
Activity 4 Collection of fertile eggs from local chicken germplasm and exotic tropically adapted genotypes
Activity 5 On-station testing or evaluation of local and exotic germplasms
Activity 6 Multiplication of proven local and exotic germplasm
Activity 7 On-farm testing or evaluation of local and exotic germplasms
Activity 8 Training of MSc (10) and PhD (5) students at Local Universities
Activity 9 Innovation platform meetings for stakeholders
Activity 10 Continuation of improvement of local and exotic genotypes (synthetic breeding)
Background
Objectives
Materials & Methods
Results & Discussion
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda
Activity 1 - Site Selection
Background
Objectives
Materials & Methods
Results & Discussion
Conclusion & Recommendation
Regional Prioritization Criteria:• Poultry numbers
• # of households rearing poultry
• % contribution of poultry to household nutrition/income
• % market share captured by smallholders
• Availability of feed resources
• Diversity across zones
Preliminarily Prioritized Zones:• Southern • Southern Highlands• Central • Central Corridor• Eastern Lake Zone
Agenda
Path Forward (6 months)
• Finalize the implementation plan for Tanzania
• Launch the program
• Encourage public and private sector engagement in the program and the poultry sector as a whole
• Obtain the necessary permits for the importation of the desired lines
• Move forward with the baseline
Background
Objectives
Results & Outcomes
Partners
Conclusion & Recommendation
Agenda